Pneumococcal meningitis is one of the most common infectious diseases of the central nervous system in pediatric period which is characterized by acute fever,unconvulsions,consciousness,in-creased intracranial pressure and meningeal irritation and cerebrospinal fluid pus changes in clinic. With the advent of antibiotics and pneumococcal vaccination,the morbidity and mortality of the disease decline signifi-cantly. But due to the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and the relative lag of research and development speed of clinical new antibacterial drugs,it still has high mortality and morbidity which are promoting resear-ches of pathogenesis and adjuvant therapy. In this paper,researches of pathogenesis and adjuvant therapy for preumococcal meningitis were reviewed in recent years.

Objective To investigate the cardio-protective effects of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on myocardium during coronary artery bypass graft.Methods A total of 30 patients were treated with coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) and divided into group A(treated group) and group B(control group) randomly.Each group included 15 patients.In the treated group,patients were treated with FDP three days before CABG and treated with FDP before cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).FDP was replaced by 0.154mol/L NaCl of the same volume in control group.Blood samples were collected from all patients after induction and at 1h,4h,24h and 48h after aortic declamping to measure the serum concentration of cTnI,CK-MB,SOD and MDA.Results The levels of CK-MB and cTnI at 1h,4h,24h and MDA at 1h,4h after reperfusion were significantly lower in the treated group than those in the control group(P

Objective To establish a simple method for determination the Alkaloids contents from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Methods Adopting nitidunechloride as reference,alkaloids in Zanthoxylum nitidum were by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 329 nm. Results The liner arrange was 3～8 ?g/mL,regression equation:Y=97.75X -0.025 5,r =0.999 1 (n=6). The mean recovery of Nitidunechloride was 99.46%,RSD=0.93% (n =5). Conclusion The method performed is accurate and simple. The reproducibility and rate of extraction are also desirable.

BACKGROUND:Although there are many studies addressing osteoarthritis in China, population-based epidemiological studies of knee osteoarthritis have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy of early ladder-like treatment in knee osteoarthritis patients from Zoucheng city in the southwest of Shandong province based on an epidemiological investigation. METHODS: A total of 3 427 people randomly enroled from Zoucheng city located in the southwest of Shandong province in 2008 were taken as research objects. A self-designed epidemiological survey on knee osteoarthritis was carried out to analyze the sex, age, urban and rural distribution, and incidence of knee osteoarthritis. According to Kelgren Lawrence Grading, 208 patients with levels 0, I, II of knee osteoarthritis were randomly selected and divided into two groups: surgical treatment group was given intraarticular injection, intraarticular rinsing, arthroscopic treatment and functional exercise; oral drug group was only given oral administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and blood circulation drugs. Ninety-eight patients in the surgical treatment group and 87 in the oral drug group were folowed-up for over 1 year. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The incidence of knee osteoarthritis showed an increasing trend with aging in Zoucheng city. There were 33.2% patients who did not receive treatment, 53.2% patients who received irregular treatment, and only 13.6 patients who could folow the doctor’s advice. The excelent rate and total effective rate were higher in the surgical treatment group (81% and 99%) than the control group (34% and 87%;P < 0.01). This epidemiological investigation exerts a certain protective role in the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis, and active early ladder-like treatment has achieved good outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective To explore the correlation between postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)and serum level of S100βand NSE in patients undergoing on-pump heart valve replacement. Methods Ninety-eight patients underwent elective heart valve replacement were enrolled and divided into two groups:POCD group (group P)and none POCD group(group NP)by the result of neurocog-nitive testing with MMSE performed preoperatively and on the first postoperative day.Serum S-100βprotein and NSE were measured before operation(T0 ),at the end of operation(T1 ),24 h(T2 )and 48 h(T3 ) postoperatively.Results The incidence of POCD on the first postoperative day was 45 (45.9%).Compared with T0 ,the S100βincreased at T1 in both groups (P <0.05),NSE increased at T1 and T2 in both groups,and NSE increased in group NP at T3 (P <0.05).There was no signifi-cant difference of NSE between groups P and NP.The prolonged recovery time(OR = 1.222,P =0.004)and increased concentration of S100βat the end of operation(OR=1.85,P =0.009)were pre-dictors of POCD on the first postoperative day.Conclusion There was a higher incidence of POCD af-ter on-pump heart valve replacement surgery.The prolonged recovery time and increased concentra-tion of S100βat the end of operation might be predictors of POCD.

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on the changes in myocardial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)and TNF-αand NF-κb protein expressions in ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R).Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-320 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 for each):Group A,sham operation;Group B,I/R;and Group C,propofol + I/R.In Groups B and C myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD)for 30 min,followed by 120 min reperfusion.In Group C propofol was given intravenously 1 0 min before myocardial ischemia,followed by continuous infusion of propofol at 5 mg/(kg·h)until the end of 120 min reperfusion.In Groups A and B normal saline instead of propofol was given. The myocardial tissues were taken at the end of 120 min;ultrastructural changes of myocardial cells were observed under X-ray electron microscope and the expressions of TLR-4 mRNA as well as TNF-αand NF-κb protein were determined.Results Ultrastructural observation under electron microscope showed significantly worsened damage in myocardial tissue structure and mitochondria in Groups B and C compared with Group A.The myocardial expressions of TLR-4 and TNF-αand NF-κb protein were significantly higher in Groups B and C than in control Group A.The myocardial expressions of TLR-4 and TNF-αand NF-κb protein were down-regulated in Group C compared with Group B.Conclusion Intravenous injection of propofol can protect against myocardial damage.Propofol can suppress the increase in myocardial TLR-4 and TNF-αand NF-κb protein expressions induced by I/R.

Objective To develop a murine model for infection by Cladosporium carrioni. Methods A total of 72 ICR mice were equally divided into 4 groups, group A (healthy mice inoculated by C. Carrioni suspension of 1 × 108 cfu conidia mL-1, group B (immune-suppressed mice inoculated by C. Carrioni sus pension of 1 × 108 cfu conidia mL-1), group C (immune-suppressed mice inoculated by C. Carrioni suspen-sion of 1 × 106 cfu conidia mL-1), group D (healthy mice inoculated by sodium chloride solution). C. Car-rioni suspension or sodium chloride solution was subcutaneously inoculated into foot pads of mice. On day 7, 30 and 60 after inoculation, 6 mice were killed in each group followed by the measurement of thickness of foot pads, pathology and mycology of skin samples taken from foot pads. Results In group A, B and C, there were swelling, blackening, ulceration and crusts at the inoculation site of all mice, with a morbidity of 100%. The thickness of foot pads in group A on day 30 was significantly higher than that on day 7 (2.40 ± 0.45 mm vs 2.85 ± 0.47 mm, P < 0.05), but lower than that on day 60 (1.64 ± 0.13 ram, P < 0.05). In group B, increased thickness of foot pads was observed on day 30 compared with that on day 7 and day 60 (2.19 ± 0.27 mm vs 1.80 ± 0.21 mm and 1.86 + 0.22 mm, respectively, both P < 0.05), which was the case with group C (1.98 ± 0.06 nun vs 1.51 ± 0.11 mm and 1.82 ± 0.09 mm, respectively, both P < 0.05). No significant changes occurred to the thickness of foot pads in group D from day 7 to day 60 (P > 0.05). Pathological changes in group A, B and C included necrosis, abscess and chronic granuloma formation; dark brown sclerotic bodies were observed on HE and PAS staining as well as on direct microscopy; cultures of tissue samples grew Cladosporium carrionii. The mice in group D remained uninfected. Conclusion Mouse model for chromoblastomycosis may be established by subcutaneous inoculation of Cladosporium carrionii suspension into foot pads of healthy or immuno-suppressed mice.

To expound the content of TCM psychology inspection. Through consulting ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign literature, summing up the mental and emotional disorders cases and clinical experience, we can obtain the inspection content of TCM psychology. Inspection includes facial inspection and position inspection. Facial inspection contains rich content, mainly including spirit, eyes, face expression and color. Inspection is one of the diagnostic methods of TCM psychology. It must be used in the process of mental disease diagnosis. Inspection can grasp the real state of the patients.

Objective To observe the effect of fetus distress treated with hyperoxin liquid and to provide evidence for this treatment.Methods A total of 70 lying-in women with fetus distress during cesarean section were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group was given infusion of hyperoxin liquid by vein and control group was given 50g/L glucose.The blood gas was analyzed in the two groups,and the SOD and MAD of fetus ambilical blood were also tested.The blood gas analysis and the Apgar scoring of neonates were carried out.Results The PaO2 in pregnant and lying-in women and SOD,PO2,SaO2,HCO-3 and BE of fetuses in treatment group were obviously higher than those in control group.The MDA and PCO2 were significantly lower than those in control group.The Apgar score in treatment group was better than that in control group.Conclusion Hyperoxin liquid can improve the anoxia status of fetus distress and save time for further clinical treatment.