Objective To establish animal models of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency and to compare the efficacy of different methods.Methods Rat models were established by iodoacetamide(IA)-treatment or combined with swimming.Appearance,body weight,food intake of the rats were observed,and serum motilin,cholecystokinin,lactate,gastrin content and urinary D-xylose excretion rates were detected to confirm whether the model of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency was established.Results The IA-treated rats had less food intake and a slower body weight gain.The IA-treated combined with swimming rats presented spleen-hypofunction symptoms,such as emaciation,hair dry and loose stools,their urinary D-xylose excretion rate,serum motilin,gastrin content were decreased,and serum cholecystokinin and lactate contents were increased significantly (P<0.05 for all).Conclusions All the three methods used in this study can result in symptoms of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency.However,IA-treatment combined with swimming models appear more close to spleen deficiency-like presentation,and the best model is the IA-treated combined with platform standing.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application value of MR amide proton transfer weighted imaging (APTWI) in predicting the pathological grade of brainstem glioma (BSG).Methods:The data of 41 BSG patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2019 to June 2020 who underwent both MRI and APTWI 2 weeks before surgery and had pathological grading results were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results, 41 patients were classified into high-grade BSG (20 patients) and low-grade BSG (21 patients). Combined with conventional MR images, the signal intensity (%) of amide proton transfer (APT) in the parenchymal area of the tumor was obtained on APTWI images. χ 2 test or independent sample t-test was used to analyze the differences in gender distribution, age and APT signal intensity between patients with high and low grade BSG. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to predict the efficacy of APT signal intensity in the differential diagnosis of high and low grade BSG, and Youden index was calculated to obtain the optimal diagnostic threshold; the predictive ability of APT signal intensity was analyzed in combination with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results:There was no significant difference in age [(23±18) years, (20±17) years, t=0.97, P=0.340] and gender distribution (9/11, 9/12 for males/females, χ 2=0.02, P=0.890) between high-grade and low-grade BSG patients. The APT signal intensity of high-grade BSG [(3.9±0.9)%] was significantly higher than that of low-grade BSG [(2.8±0.9)%], and the difference had statistical significance ( t=4.16, P<0.001). The area under the ROC curve of APT signal intensity to distinguish high-grade and low grade BSG was 0.836, and with 2.85% as the optimal diagnostic threshold of APT signal intensity, its sensitivity for the diagnosis of high-grade BSG was 90.0% and specificity was 71.4%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that APTWI had a good predictive ability for BSG grade (χ 2=13.33, P=0.101). Conclusion:APTWI can be applied in distinguishing high grade BSG from low grade BSG, and has clinical value in predicting glioma grading.