OBJECTIVE To prevent the hospital infection event in the clinical laboratory.METHODS The problems of clinical laboratory in hospital infection were found out then and the conception of self-protection,amplify necessary rules and regulations,fine technique training,disinfection of the instrument and environment of laboratory even the test reports,and the management of hospital infection were enhanced.RESULTS By taking appropriate measures and countermeasures,we could control most hospital infection in clinical laboratory,and ensure the safety and health of the laboratory staff.CONCLUSIONS The hospital infection event of clinical laboratory can be prevented by amplification of necessary rules and regulations as well as enhancement of the training and management.

Objective To analyze the complete genome sequence of a Shenzhen coxsackievirus A2 strain CVA2-SHZH13-01 and its evolution.Methods RT-PCR was used to amplify the complete genome of CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain.The PCR products were purified and sequenced to analyze their genetic character-istics.Results The complete genome of CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain was 7400 bp in length, encoding 2191 amino acids.CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain was highly similar with the novel recombinant CVA2-HK (431306) strain isolated from Hong Kong sharing the nucleotide homology of 98.3%, 98.8%, 99.0%, 99.2%, 98.8%and 98.9%in 5′UTR, P1 ( VP1 to VP4) , P2, P3, 3′UTR regions and complete genome, respec-tively.CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain was highly identical to the international standard strain CVA2-Fleetwood showing the homology of 81.6% in nucleotide sequences in P1 region, but closely associated with EV71-SHZH03 and EV71-GD2009 strains (82.8%-88.7%) in P2 and P3 regions.The phylogenetic analysis in-dicated that CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain belonged to the CVA2-HK (431306) variant.Data from analysis of amino acid in P1 region showed that there were three amino acid mutations in CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain including aa5L→F, aa666S→G and aa671T→I as compared with CVA2-HK (431306) strain.Conclusion CVA2-SHZH13-01 strain belonged to CVA2-HK (431306) variant.

Objective To evaluate the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain.Methods One hundred and eighty male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 4 groups( n =45 each): sham operation group(group S),neuropathic pain group (group NP),siRNA negative control group (group NS) and PARP1-siRNA group (group PS).Neuropathic pain was produced by L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL).Viral of PARP1-siRNA or viral of siRNA negative control was injected intrathecally after SNL in groups PS or NS.Mechanical pain threshold was determined at 3,7 and 14 d after SNL.Then the rats were sacrificed and L5 lumbar spinal tissues were removed for determination of coexpression of PARP1 with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (by immunohistochemistry double stain),protein expression of PARP1 and GFAP (by Western blot),and mRNA expression of PARP1 and GFAP (by RT-PCR).Results Compared with group S,mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased and the protein and mRNA expression of GFAP and PARP1 up-regulated in groups NP,NS and PS( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups NP and NS,mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased and the protein and mRNA expression of GFAP and PARP1 down-regulated in group PS (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in above indexes between groups NP and NS(P ＞0.05 ).PARR1 was expressed in the astrocytes in the spinal cord.Conclusion PARP1 is involved in the formation and maintainance of neuropathic pain in rats via activating astrocytes.

Objective To investigate the result of local injection of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and fibrin gel for treatment of lumbar disc injury in rabbits.Methods Lumbar puncture with a 20-gauge needle was performed at L3/4,L4/5,and L5/6 discs of 40 New Zealand white rabbits.After needle puncture,L3/4 discs were injected with GDF-5 and fibrin gel (compound group) ; L4/5 discs fibrin gel (fibrin gel group) ; L5/6 discs nothing (blank control group).Two weeks later,intervertebral disc degeneration in each group was observed via radiography,MRI and nucleus proteoglycan content detection and histological examination.Results At postoperative 2-,4-,8-,and 12-weeks,X-ray films revealed a gradual decrease in disc height index (DHI) among the three groups,but the decreasing velocity was lower in compound group than in other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).On MRI,the signal of intervebral discs among the three groups diminished progressively with time,but a relatively lower decreasing was observed in compound group (P ＜ 0.05).At postoperative 4-week,proteoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus was (6.3-± 0.4) in compound group,higher than (5.9-0.4) in blank control group and (5.8-± 0.3)in fibrin gel group (P ＜0.05).At postoperative 2-week,histological evaluation showed (5.28 ±0.41)points in compound group,lower than (7.54 ± 0.53) points in blank control group and (7.21 ± 0.44)points in fibrin gel group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Local injection of GDF-5 and fibrin gel facilitates the restoration of the injured discs and delays further disc degeneration.

Objective To explore the feasibility and evaluate its efficacy of transnasal marsupialization of maxillary cyst under nasal endoscope. Methods 15 cases of maxillary cyst were treated by endoscopic marsupialization in nasal. According to the situation of maxillary cysts, the fenestration of bottom nasal was opened in 6 cases, the fenestration of inferior nasal meatus was opened in 7 cases and inferior nasaI meatus was opened through the prelacrimal duct recess in 2 cases under the nasal endoscope. With partial removal of the cyst wall, the cyst and maxillary sinus was fused into a cavity if necessary. This ensured nasal drainage through the cyst cavity and nasal cavity or maxillary sinus. Results The operations of the 15 patients were success without complications. All patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months after operation. Operation cavity to complete epithelization in 2 to 3 months, the cyst cavity drained well with no recurrence. Conclusion Endoscopic marsupialization in nasal is a feasible alternative for management maxillary cyst. It makes the procedure simple, less traumatic, quick recovery, definite curative effect and low recurrence rate.

Objective To explore the effect of black garlic extract on HeLa cells and its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Inhibitory rate of HeLa cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).Flow cytometry annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) was used to detect tumor cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle changes.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect expressions of tumor proteins bax and Bcl-2.Results Black garlic extract significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells.Black garlic extract significantly induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.The apoptosis rate was (53.26 ± 1.78)％ in the black garlic high-dose group,and (3.68 ±0.11)％ in the control group.Black garlic extract affected cell cycle,upregulated bax expression,and downregulated bcl-2 expression.Conclusions Black garlic extract significantly induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells.This effect might be caused through increasing G2/M cells or changing expressions of bax and bcl-2.

BACKGROUND: The understanding about characteristics and variation trends of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes in high-risk stroke population,in prior and post-stroke period patients as well as in normal people,particularly the cerebral vascular hemodynamic index(CVHD) prior to stroke can improve diagnosis efficiency of stroke and increase sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To study the features of CVHD in acute stoke,in order to provide evidences for early evaluation and rehabilitation intervention.DESIGN: Case analysis and observational study based on patients.SETTING: A neurological department in a general hospital of military area command of Chinese PLA and a prevention and cure institute of cerebrovascular diseases.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 55 (male 38,female 17) inpatients in the Neurological Department of Fuzhou General Hospital of Chinese PLA from June to December 2001 were enrolled in the study.METHODS: CVHD was measured during the first week after onset and the data were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CVHD,blood pressure and cerebral vascular hemodynamic parameters.RESULTS: The CVHD of each patient is below 75,median 32.5. The mean velocity,blood flow,maximum velocity,minimum velocity and difference between diastolic and critical pressures were lower than corresponding ones of healthy men in seventies( P ＜ 0.01 ). And the pulse wave velocity,peripheral resistance,specific impedance and critical pressure increased( P ＜ 0. 01).CONCLUSION: During the first week after stroke,the CVHD decreases and many hemodynamic parameters alters significantly. Examination of CVHD can reveal cerebral circulation insufficiency or predict an attack of cerebral stroke.

Objective:To investigate the effect of TNF-αand IFN-γon NIT-1 cells apoptosis and the apoptosis mechan-ism.Methods:NIT-1 cells were exposed to a combination of TNF-αand IFN-γtreatment.The viability of NIT-1 cells was assessed via MTT assay.The morphological changes of the cells and nuclei were observed under the inverted or confocal laser scanning microscope with Hoechst 33258 staining.The activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP was detected by Western blot.Results:TNF-αand IFN-γsig-nificantly inhibited NIT-1 cells viability, promoted cells apoptosis, induced the activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP cleavage.Conclusion:TNF-αcombined with IFN-γtreatment induced the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells through death receptor pathway.

Objective: To compare the accumulative scores of cerebrovascular hemodynamic parameters (CVHP) in different populations and to analyze the relationship between the change of accumulative scores and the risk of stroke. Methods: A total of 10 565 participants aged 40 years and above were selected from a cluster sampling community-based population. Their risk factors were investigated and CVHP was evaluated. The CVHP scores were accumulated by a unified approach, and the incidence of stroke was followed up. The participants were grouped into health adult, single factor exposure, multiple-factor exposure, and newly developed stroke during the follow-up period. The differences of CVHP accumulative scores and the change law among the 4 groups were compared respectively according to age and sex. Results: The accumu-lative scores of the mean (SD) CVHP in the health adult, single factor exposure, multiple-factor exposure, and newly developed stroke groups were 86.44 (20.69), 72.07 (28.10), 60.82(34.64), and4.01 (29.36) in men respectively, and they were 83.95 (22.19), 67.97 (29.73),59.91 (31.34), and 42.64 (28.00) in women respectively, which had a tendency to gradually decrease. The accumulative scores of CVHP and their distributions at the same age stage in all the 4 groups had significant differences (P ＜ 0.01 ). The accumulative scores of CVHP and their distributions for the same factors between all age groups also had significant differences (P ＜0. 01). Conclusions: The accumulative scores of CVHP had a tendency to gradually decrease from the health adults, risk factor exposure to high risk status before stroke. The decrease of the accumulative scores is closely associated with the increase of stroke risk, which can be used as a predictor of stroke.