Objective To explore a simple and safe method for preservation of the sputum aspirator nozzle. Methods Using self-controlled method, the traditional method was to place the nozzle in the glass bottle of disinfectant liquid, the modified method was to fix a sputum tube to a suitable location of the sputum aspirator or bedside with the joint free, after sputum aspiration,the nozzle was connected to the joint. One patient used the same sputum aspirator. The two methods of preservation were alternated every 24 hours. The slippage times of the nozzle were compared, and samples from glass nozzle and joints of disinfectant liquid bottles/spu-tuna tube joints were underwent bacterial culture. Results Significant difference existed in slippage times of the nozzle, the positive rate of bacteria colony in the.glass nozzle and disinfectant liquid bottles/sputum tube joints between the two methods. Conclusions Using sputum aspiration tubes to fix the nozzle of aputum aspi-rator is better than the traditional method of putting the nozzle into the glass bottle of disinfectant liquid,this method proves to be easy, safe,portable and economical and is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND: The understanding about characteristics and variation trends of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes in high-risk stroke population,in prior and post-stroke period patients as well as in normal people,particularly the cerebral vascular hemodynamic index(CVHD) prior to stroke can improve diagnosis efficiency of stroke and increase sensitivity and specificity of stroke diagnosis.OBJECTIVE: To study the features of CVHD in acute stoke,in order to provide evidences for early evaluation and rehabilitation intervention.DESIGN: Case analysis and observational study based on patients.SETTING: A neurological department in a general hospital of military area command of Chinese PLA and a prevention and cure institute of cerebrovascular diseases.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 55 (male 38,female 17) inpatients in the Neurological Department of Fuzhou General Hospital of Chinese PLA from June to December 2001 were enrolled in the study.METHODS: CVHD was measured during the first week after onset and the data were analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The CVHD,blood pressure and cerebral vascular hemodynamic parameters.RESULTS: The CVHD of each patient is below 75,median 32.5. The mean velocity,blood flow,maximum velocity,minimum velocity and difference between diastolic and critical pressures were lower than corresponding ones of healthy men in seventies( P ＜ 0.01 ). And the pulse wave velocity,peripheral resistance,specific impedance and critical pressure increased( P ＜ 0. 01).CONCLUSION: During the first week after stroke,the CVHD decreases and many hemodynamic parameters alters significantly. Examination of CVHD can reveal cerebral circulation insufficiency or predict an attack of cerebral stroke.

Objective To evaluate the association between hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)gene 1772C/T polymorphism and coronary collateral circulation formation in the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods The databases of PubMed,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases were comprehensively retrieved.The retrieval time was from the database establishment to January 2017.The case control trials on the relationship between HIF-1α gene 1772C/T polymorphism and coronary collateral circulation formation were collected.The included trials were performed the meta analysis.Results A total of 5 articles were included in analysis with a sample amount of 1 355 cases.The meta analysis suggested that HIF-1α gene 1772C/T polymorphism in 5 genetic models had no significant correlation with coronary collateral formation in CHD patients.The odds ratio(OR) values and 95 ％CI in allele,dominant,recessive,homozygote and heterozygote models were 1.70(0.85-3.39),P=0.134;1.46(0.77-2.77),P=-0.251;1.73(0.75-3.99),P=0.197;1.73(0.74-4.03),P=0.204;1.00(0.72-1.37),P=0.988,respectively.Conclusion HIF-1α gene 1772C/T polymorphism might have no association with coronary collateral formation in CHD patients.

Objective To construct and evaluate a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI)that simulates both motor and cognitive impairment.Methods Twenty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham group and a TBI group (n=12/group).The TBI model was prepared by referring to the compression injury model with some modifications.The sham group underwent an identical process without mechanical trauma.Motor function was evaluated using the rotarod and beam-walking tasks at 1,3,7,14,21,28 days post-injury.Spatial learning and memory capacities were assessed at 28,29,30,31,32,33 days post-injury by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test.Nissl staining was performed to observe pathological changes and immunofluorescence staining to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor protein (Iba-1) in the mouse brain on the 34th day after modeling.Results The latency for the TBI group was significantly lower than that for the sham group,and the frequency of slipping off the beam by the right hindlimbs for the TBI group was significantly higher than that for the sham group at 1,3,7,14,21,28 days post-injury (P＜0.05).The escape latency for the TBI group was significantly longer than that for the sham group in the MWM test at 30,31 and 32 days after modeling (P＜0.05).The times of crossing the platform for the TBI group were significantly less than those for the sham group at day 33 after TBI (P＜ 0.05).The lesion volume for the sham group was significantly smaller than that for the TBI group [(0.55± 0.06)％ vs.(16.90±1.14)％,P＜0.05].The numbers of astrocytes in the TBI and sham groups were respectively 101.40±6.18/mm2 and 20.17±1.55/mm2,and the numbers ofmicroglia in the 2 groups were respectively 119.20±6.28/mm2 and 23.58±1.72/mm2,showing statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Since the TBI model we constructed is simple and reproducible with stable motor deficits and cognitive impairments which are consistent with the pathological changes of moderate TBI.it can be used in animal TRI experiments.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate efficacy and optimal cut-off-point through cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes (CVHI) examination to predict stroke.

METHODSA number of 20,333 people at 35 years old and over were checked by CVHI and accumulative score was calculated according to the value of detected indexes. Risk factors of stroke were investigated simultaneously. One hundred and sixty-eight patients with stroke occurred during 4-year following up. Typical syndromes and signs stroke were used as golden standard to evaluate screening efficacy of CVHI.

RESULTSScore of optimal cut-off-point of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes was under 75 in ROC curve analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios as well as Youden's index for predicting stroke within 4 years after examination were found to be 87.50%, 67.70%, 67.86%, 2.21%, 99.85%, 2.71, 0.18 and 0.55 respectively. Sensitivity and positive predict values for predicting cerebral vascular thrombosis were superior to predicting cerebral hemorrhage. Positive predicting value in risk exposure population was higher than that of overall population. Coefficiency of variation of cerebral vascular hemodynamic examination was 4.03%. The agreement rate of examination between two physicians was 97.62% and Kappa value was 0.94.

CONCLUSIONThe score of optimal cut-off-point of cerebral vascular hemodynamic indexes examination was 75. Both Efficacy and reliability for predicting stroke seemed to be good, especially for predicting cerebral vascular thrombosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety of different level of tween 80 by comparing the degree of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions (PR) induced by medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80.

METHODThe analysis of vascular permeability of the mice ears: ICR mouse were divided into different test groups, the mice were intravenously injected with solutions of medicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80 with 0.2%, 1% and 5% concentration, positive control Compound 48/80 and 5% glucose injection. All test substances were mixed with 0.4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30 min after injection. The analysis of vascular permeability of the rat's skin: the rats were intravenous injected with 0. 6% Evans blue normal saline solution first, 10 minutes later, the same substances were intradermal administrated into the back of rats. The rats were sacrificed and the diameter of locus ceruleus and the content of Evans blue leak out were measured 20 min after injection.

RESULTMedicinal tween 80 and injectable tween 80 with 5% concentration caused obvious vascular hyper permeability in ICR mice, but the degree of vascular hyperpermeability caused by injectable tween 80 was lighter than by medicinal tween 80. Other tween 80 didn't cause obvious vascular hyper permeability in the ears of mouse. The solution of different concentration of tween 80 caused obvious locus ceruleus reaction in rat's back. As for the content Evans blue leak out, there was no statistical significance between each group except positive control Compound 48/80 group.

CONCLUSIONTween 80 can cause obvious vascular hyper permeability and the effect is dose dependent, which indicated that tween 80 can cause PR. On the other hand, injectable tween 80 is more security than medicinal tween 80, the dosage of tween 80 should be still controlled strictly so that to decrease the incidence of PR.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Injections ; methods ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Polysorbates ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To study the correlation between CD169 expression of monocytes and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV )-infected patients .Methods Sixty HIV-infected patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited .According to the CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,HIV-infected patients were divided into three groups including < 200 cells/μL ,200 — 350 cells/μL and > 350 cells/μL groups . The differences in monocytes counts ,the proportions of CD16 + and CD169 + monocytes were analyzed among the three groups and healthy controls .The correlations between proportion of CD169 + monocytes and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,viral load ,and proportion of CD16 + monocytes were analyzed .Results The monocyte counts in CD4 + T lymphocytes < 200 cells/μL group , (200 — 350 ) cells/μL group , >350 cells/μL group and healthy control group were (342 ± 99) ,(396 ± 145) ,(365 ± 80) ,and (404 ± 106)/μL ,respectively ,which were not significantly different (F= 2 .55 , P > 0 .05) .The proportions of CD16 + monocytes in the four groups were (19 .8 ± 8 .8)％ ,(14 .3 ± 2 .8)％ ,(9 .7 ± 2 .0)％ and (4 .0 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different ( F = 30 .90 , P < 0 .05 ) . The proportions of CD169 + monocytes in the four groups were (72 .6 ± 11 .4)％ ,(59 .4 ± 14 .7)％ ,(33 .3 ± 14 .5)％ and (2 .6 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different (F = 152 .40 , P< 0 .05) .The proportion of CD169 + monocytes was negatively correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts (r = 0 .792 , P< 0 .05) , while positively correlated with both viral load (r= 0 .485 ,P< 0 .05) and proportion of CD16 + monocytes (r= 0 .395 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions The CD169 expressions of monocytes in HIV-infected patients are significantly increased and correlated with both monocyte activation and disease progression .