Objective To investigate the result of local injection of growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and fibrin gel for treatment of lumbar disc injury in rabbits.Methods Lumbar puncture with a 20-gauge needle was performed at L3/4,L4/5,and L5/6 discs of 40 New Zealand white rabbits.After needle puncture,L3/4 discs were injected with GDF-5 and fibrin gel (compound group) ; L4/5 discs fibrin gel (fibrin gel group) ; L5/6 discs nothing (blank control group).Two weeks later,intervertebral disc degeneration in each group was observed via radiography,MRI and nucleus proteoglycan content detection and histological examination.Results At postoperative 2-,4-,8-,and 12-weeks,X-ray films revealed a gradual decrease in disc height index (DHI) among the three groups,but the decreasing velocity was lower in compound group than in other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).On MRI,the signal of intervebral discs among the three groups diminished progressively with time,but a relatively lower decreasing was observed in compound group (P ＜ 0.05).At postoperative 4-week,proteoglycan content of the nucleus pulposus was (6.3-± 0.4) in compound group,higher than (5.9-0.4) in blank control group and (5.8-± 0.3)in fibrin gel group (P ＜0.05).At postoperative 2-week,histological evaluation showed (5.28 ±0.41)points in compound group,lower than (7.54 ± 0.53) points in blank control group and (7.21 ± 0.44)points in fibrin gel group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Local injection of GDF-5 and fibrin gel facilitates the restoration of the injured discs and delays further disc degeneration.

Objective To explore impact of nursing intervention on the adverse reaction of patient con-trol epidural analgesia (PCEA) after abdominal operation. Methods 258 patients underwent PCEA after ab-dominal operation were selected from 2006 to 2007. The clinical data of 126 patients without nursing interven-tion were analyzed as the control group admitted to our hospital from January to December, 2006 and compared with those of 132 patients receiving nursing intervention as the experimental group from January to December, 2007. The control group was managed by the anesthetists and nurses only conducted routine nursing instruction, while the experimental group was given systematic and normative nursing intervention besides routine nursing instructions, including psychological intervention, behavioral intervention, close observation, of discovery of ad-verse reaction in time and giving early disposal. The incidence of adverse reaction of PCEA of the two groups such as urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, skin indentation, catheter shedding, skin itching, numbness of lower limbs, respiratory depression was observed. Results Compared with the control group,the incidence of adverse reactions of PCEA in the experimental group such as urinary retention,nansea and vomiting, abdominal distension,skin indentation,catheter shedding was significantly lower. Conclusions The implementation of nursing intervention can reduce the adverse reaction of PCEA after abdominal operation, alle-viate the suffering of patients, and promote functional recovery and the body rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the effect of black garlic extract on HeLa cells and its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Inhibitory rate of HeLa cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).Flow cytometry annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) was used to detect tumor cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle changes.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect expressions of tumor proteins bax and Bcl-2.Results Black garlic extract significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells.Black garlic extract significantly induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.The apoptosis rate was (53.26 ± 1.78)％ in the black garlic high-dose group,and (3.68 ±0.11)％ in the control group.Black garlic extract affected cell cycle,upregulated bax expression,and downregulated bcl-2 expression.Conclusions Black garlic extract significantly induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells.This effect might be caused through increasing G2/M cells or changing expressions of bax and bcl-2.

AIM To evaluate the prevention and treatment of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine sodium (MPG-Na) and tiopronin (MPG) on acute liver injury. METHODS The experimental mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by D-galactosamine (Gal) was applied to investigate preventive and remedial effects. In the preventive experiment, the mice were ip administered with MPG-Na or MPG 37.5，75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, for 7 d. Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) was ip given into the mice 30 min after the last administration. In the remedial experiment, the mice were ip given Gal 800 mg·kg~(-1) and 30 min later followed by MPG-Na or MPG 37.5, 75 and 150 mg·kg~(-1) , respectively, for 2 d. The mice were euthanized and serum was prepared 24 h (pre-treatment) or 48 h (post-treatment) after Gal injection. The activities of serum glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), the contents of total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb), and the Alb/globulin (A/G) ratio were determined. The liver tissues were collected for histopathological assessment (HE staining) under light microscope. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, the activities of serum GPT and GOT in model group were significantly increased. The injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis were observed. Compared with model group, the activities of GPT and GOT in pre-treatment groups were obviously decreased in MPG-Na 150 mg·kg~(-1) group. In post-treatment groups, the activity of GPT decreased in 3 MPG-Na groups. The contents of TP, Alb and A/G ratio had little change. In addition, MPG-Na alleviated the injuries such as fatty degeneration and liver cell necrosis obviously. Compared with MPG, MPG-Na showed similar effect. CONCLUSION MPG-Na has an obvious protective effect against Gal-induced acute liver injury in mice and the efficiency is equivalent as MPG.

Objective To explore a simple and safe method for preservation of the sputum aspirator nozzle. Methods Using self-controlled method, the traditional method was to place the nozzle in the glass bottle of disinfectant liquid, the modified method was to fix a sputum tube to a suitable location of the sputum aspirator or bedside with the joint free, after sputum aspiration,the nozzle was connected to the joint. One patient used the same sputum aspirator. The two methods of preservation were alternated every 24 hours. The slippage times of the nozzle were compared, and samples from glass nozzle and joints of disinfectant liquid bottles/spu-tuna tube joints were underwent bacterial culture. Results Significant difference existed in slippage times of the nozzle, the positive rate of bacteria colony in the.glass nozzle and disinfectant liquid bottles/sputum tube joints between the two methods. Conclusions Using sputum aspiration tubes to fix the nozzle of aputum aspi-rator is better than the traditional method of putting the nozzle into the glass bottle of disinfectant liquid,this method proves to be easy, safe,portable and economical and is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow stromal stem cel s have multilineage differentiation capacity and can differentiate into transparent chondrocytes under certain conditions, which can provide new thoughts for treatment of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Tougu Xiaotong Granule containing serum on the cartilage differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cel s. METHODS:Bone marrow stromal stem cel s from Sprague-Dawley rat limbs were cultured in vitro, and those cel s at passage 3 were used in the study. Cel s were divided into six groups:saline serum group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract group, chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract and chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract and chondroinductive group. The Sox9, col agen Ⅱ, and col agen X mRNA and protein expression levels were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cel s were intervened with drug-containing serum for 14 days, the Sox9, col agen Ⅱ, and col agen X mRNA and protein expression in Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract group, chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract and chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract and chondroinductive group were significantly higher than that in saline serum group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract serum and chondroinductive group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract and chondroinductive group showed significantly higher expression levels than Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract serum group, Tougu Xiaotong Granule alcohol extract group (P<0.01). Sox9 expression in Tougu Xiaotong Granule water extract serum and chondroinductive group were significantly higher than that in the chondroinductive group. Experimental findings indicate that, Tougu Xiaotong Granule containing serum can accelerate bone marrow stromal stem cel s differentiate into cartilage cel s by up-regulation of Sox9 expression.

This research aims to construct a lentiviral expression vector carrying the extracelluar domain (ED) of human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (C-Met), and to express it in transfected 293T cells. The extracellular domain of C-Met was amplified by RT-PCR, ligated with lentiviral expression vector p RRL-CMV-ED, and then expressed in 293T cell line. The expressed protein was purified and identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. The enzyme digestion and sequence analysis showed that the lentiviral expression vector p RRL-CMV-ED was constructed correctly. The size of amplified genes was about 2 700 bp. The purified protein with Ni-affinity column was about 105 kD analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The Western blot and ELISA results showed that the expressed protein which could bind to HGF specifically was the extracelluar domain of human hepatocyte growth factor receptor. This research may lay a foundation for further study of anti-C-MET monoclonal antibody and neutralizing antibody.
Genetic Vectors ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

Objective The analysis of correlation between the occurrence of tourette syndrome with one-child family environment. Methods The authors investigated home environment of two groups. One group included 200 patients with tourette syndrome and is the other group included healthy children of the same age in 3 different primary and secondary schools. By comparing with the home environmental factors, parenting styles and parent emotional factors between two groups. Results The instabilities of home environment included bad family relationship, separation between parents, divorce, scolding and even beating children. It showed that anxiety of the direct supervisors among the sickness group were higher than healthy control group as well. Among the ten factors of the Family Environments Scale, the significant differences showed in six factors of affection,cohesion,expressiveness, conflict, intellectual-culture orientation, active-recreational orientation, organization between the two groups. Conclusion So we concluded that ①There is a correlation between the parents relations,parenting styles and the incidence of tourette syndrome; ②An anxiety of the direct supervisor may initiate, even aggravate the incidence of tourette syndrome; ③It is important to convert the education mode and take family overall treatment in order to reduce the incidence and improve the effectiveness of tourette syndrome.

Objective:To investigate the effect of TNF-αand IFN-γon NIT-1 cells apoptosis and the apoptosis mechan-ism.Methods:NIT-1 cells were exposed to a combination of TNF-αand IFN-γtreatment.The viability of NIT-1 cells was assessed via MTT assay.The morphological changes of the cells and nuclei were observed under the inverted or confocal laser scanning microscope with Hoechst 33258 staining.The activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP was detected by Western blot.Results:TNF-αand IFN-γsig-nificantly inhibited NIT-1 cells viability, promoted cells apoptosis, induced the activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP cleavage.Conclusion:TNF-αcombined with IFN-γtreatment induced the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells through death receptor pathway.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and Quadrant minimally invasive system in treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods 59 single-level LDH patients were randomly divided into PTED group (n = 31) and Quadrant group (n = 28). Then compare the operative time, incision length, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and the return-to-work time between the two groups. In addition, visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and modified MacNab criteria were used for surgical efficacy evaluation. Results In PTED group, compared with Quadrant group, we observed, shorter incision length, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and shorter time of returning to work (P < 0.05), postoperative VAS, JOA and ODI scores had been improved in both groups (P < 0.05). The PTED group had lower VAS scores of lumbago at 3 days and 1, 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). As for postoperative JOA and ODI score, no notable difference was found between the two groups at each corresponding follow-up time point (P > 0.05). According to the improved MacNab criteria, there was no significant difference in excellent or good rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The clinical results of PTED and Quadrant minimally invasive system in treatment of lumbar disc herniation were satisfactory, and PTED were less traumatic method with rapid recovery.