Objective:To investigate the effect of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and gastric polyps on colorectal cancer lesions.Methods:The clinical data of 2 034 patients with colorectal polyps and 118 patients with colorectal cancer detected by gastroscopy and colonoscopy examination in General Hospital of Beijing Jingmei Group from January 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 178 patients without colorectal polyps in the same period were treated as controls to analyze Hp infection and gastric polyps in patients with different ages, genders and pathological types.Results:The age and the proportion of male patients in colorectal cancer group were higher than those in the control group and colorectal polyps group (all P < 0.05). The Hp infection rates of the control group, colorectal polyps group and colorectal cancer group were 20.8% (37/178), 23.0% (467/2 034) and 27.1% (32/118), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Among 2 034 cases of colorectal polyps, there were 612 cases of inflammatory polyps, 371 cases of proliferative polyps and 1 051 cases of adenomatous polyps. The infection rates of Hp in the three kinds of colorectal polyps were 24.5% (150/612), 22.4% (83/371) and 22.3% (234/1 051), respectively. The incidence of patients with gastric polyps in the 3 groups was 34.6% (212/612), 38.3% (142/371) and 39.3% (413/1 051), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The age of the three colorectal polyps groups was significantly different from that of the control group and colorectal cancer group (all P < 0.05) except for inflammatory polyps and proliferative polyps groups. The proportion of female in three kinds of colorectal polyps combined with gastric polyps was higher than that in male patients (all P < 0.05). The age of Hp positive patients in the control group, different types of colorectal polyps groups and colorectal cancer group was lower than that in negative patients, but there was a statistically significant difference only in adenomatous polyps group ( P = 0.002). The age of patients with different types of colorectal polyps combined with gastric polyps was older than that of those without gastric polyps, and the age of patients with colorectal cancer combined with gastric polyps was younger than that of those without gastric polyps (all P < 0.05). There was no assocaiton of Hp infection and gastric polyps with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Hp infection may promote the early occurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps. There is no evidence that gastric polyps are associated with the risk of colorectal polyps. Female patients with colorectal polyps have a higher risk of gastric polyps.