Objective:To observe the effect of Wuling capsules combined with calcitriol on urine marker proteins in early diabetic nephropathy ( DN) . Methods: Totally 64 patients with early DN were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 32 cases in each. The two groups were with appropriate diet and exercise, relatively stable protein intake and optimal hypo-glycemic program. The observation group was additionally treated with Wuling capsules (0. 9 g, po tid) and calcitriol 0. 25 μg,po qd, with the treatment course of eight weeks. The levels of FBG and 2hBG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, urinary protein, ALB, β2-MG and RBP were observed in the two groups before and after the treatment. Results:After the treatment, FBG, 2hBG, HbA1c, hs-CRP, total pro-tein, Alb and RBP in the two groups were improved when compared with those before the treatment, and the difference had statistical significance(P<0. 05). The total protein, ALB,β2-MG, RBP and hs-CRP in the observation group were better than those in the con-trol group after the treatment, and the difference was statistically significance (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Wuling capsules combined with calcitriol can effectively reduce glomerular and renal tubular damage in early DN patients.

Objective To explore a reliable method to establish a rat model of hyperuricemia associated with abnormal uric acid excretion, and to lay the foundation for the study of pathogenesis of uric acid excretion disorder and the optimization of the treatment plan.Methods The models were established respectively by potasium oxonate(300 mg/kg) with pyrazinamide (300 mg/kg) or ethambutol(250 mg/kg).Continuous dosing for 1, 3 and 5 weeks, to determine the content of uric acid in rat blood, urine, and stool, the function of liver and kidney was detected and pathological examination was performed.Results The blood uric acid in the potasium oxonate and ethambutol group was increased first and then decreased, while in the potasium oxonate and pyrazinamide group were increased steadily and the excretion of uric acid in urine was stable during the continuous administration.The two methods showed no harmful effect on the liver and kidney function.Conclusions A stable rat model of hyperuricemia associated with uric acid excretion disorder can be effectively established by potassium oxonate and pyrazinamide, exhibiting similar manifestations of clinical hyperuricemia and uric acid excretion disorder.

Objective To observe the effect of Sachet-therapy on prevention of infant upper respiratory tract infection. Methods A cluster sampling was conducted for quantitative investigation. Hangzhou urban infants were randomly treated with either wearing Sachet or not wearing Sachet for 12 weeks′ observation.We then analyzed statistically the incidence of the two groups. Results The incidence was 14.42 % in the infant observer group and 54.98% in the contrast group with statistical significance(P

Objective To report the first case of cervical l ymphadenitis caused by Candida albicans in China.Methods A series of clinical,histopatholog ic.and mycologic studies were carried out in an 8year-old-boy with cervical lymphadenitis,who had no definite underlying disease.Candida albicans was isolated fromthe patient.The lymph node was investigated by me ans of culture,pathological and tra nsmission electron microscopic examination and cellular immunology detected by flow cytometer.Results There were several enlarged,warm,a nd fluctuant cervical lymph nodes which varied fr om 1cm?1cm to 4cm?4cm in size.One swo llen node was excised,and Candida albicans was found in the culture.The histopathologic changes of the cervical lym ph node were compatible with chronic granulomatous disease.PAS and methenamine silver(PAM)stain of a touch preparation of the bi opsy specimen revealed budding spores an d pseudohyphae.Lymphopenia with a p roportionate decrease of T-helper a nd T-suppressor cells was shown with flowcytometry.The patient received a combination therapy of surgery,flu conazole,thymosin and so on.After one month,t he patient's condition was improved.Many small lymph nodes disappeared,large lymph nodes became smaller.Tw o months later,only one large lymph n ode could be touched.Conclusion It is the first case of cervical lymphad enitis caused by Candida reported in China.Combination therapy of surgery,fluconazole and thymosin is effective.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of mouse multi-subtype heat shock protein/peptide (mHSP/P) vaccine in combination with a programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor in mouse sarcoma. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to quantitatively identify the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90, Grp94) in the sarcoma cell line MCA207. From the protein suspension prepared, mHSP/P and Grp94/peptide (Grp94/P) sarcoma vac-cines were isolated using chromatography and were identified by Western blot (WB). Flow cytometry was used to determine their cy-totoxic effects. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) produced upon mHSP/P and Grp94/P stimulation were measured by Elisa. The effect of sarcoma vaccines on the growth and survival of sarcoma was evaluated in mice. The expression of PD-L1 on the surface of MCA207 sarcoma cells was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. The effect of IFN-γ treatment on the expression of PD-L1 was determined by WB. Animal experiments explored the effects of PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P treatment on tumors. Results: Tumor tissue carries a variety of HSP subtypes (HSP70, HSP90, Grp94). We successfully isolated sarco-ma tissue-derived mHSP/P and Grp94/P tumor vaccines, which were identified by WB; flow cytometry analysis demonstrated their cy-totoxicity. The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines upon mHSP/P stimulation were significantly higher than that observed upon Grp94/P stimulation (P<0.05). The expression of PD-L1 on the surface of sarcoma cells increased with IFN-γ treatment. Animal experiments demonstrated that PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P significantly increased the immune response against tumor (P<0.05). Conclusions: Tumor-derived mHSP/P and Grp94/P can be used as tumor vaccines in animal models. The mHSP/P can elicit a stronger anti-tumor immune response than Grp94/P. IFN-γ stimulates the expression of PD-L1 in sarcoma cells, which results in immune eva-sion. The PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with mHSP/P increased the anti-tumor effect in the tumor microenvironment.

Cas1-and-Cas2-mediated new spacer acquisition is an essential process for bacterial adaptive immunity. The process is critical for the ecology of the oral microflora and oral health. Although molecular mechanisms for spacer acquisition are known, it has never been established if this process is associated with the morphological changes of bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated a novel Cas2-induced filamentation phenotype in E. coli that was regulated by co-expression of the Cas1 protein. A 30 amino acid motif at the carboxyl terminus of Cas2 is necessary for this function. By imaging analysis, we provided evidence to argue that Cas-induced filamentation is a step coupled with new spacer acquisition during which filaments are characterised by polyploidy with asymmetric cell division. This work may open new opportunities to investigate the adaptive immune response and microbial balance for oral health.