Objective To investigate the regional distribution of positive results of early screening for women of child-bearing agein the six provinces of southern China(Guizhou,Guangxi,Yunnan,Sichuan, Chongqing and Hunan).Methods The screening of all were performed by red blood cell related parameters、quantitative analysis of hemoglobin、Osmotic fragility test of erythrocyte incubation(one tube method)、dena-tured hemoglobin inclusion body test among 222 645 peoples reproductive age in the six provinces of southern China,and statistical analysis of abnormal screening in different provinces(cities)was carried out.Results A-mong 222 645 cases in the six provinces(cities),abnormal samples were detected in 32074 cases,and the abnor-mal detection rate was 14.39%.The total positive detection rate from high to low according to the order of Guangxi(24.87%),Sichuan(17.53%),Yunnan(14.76%),Hunan(11.53%),Chongqing(10.69%)and Guizhou(8.61%).Among the six provinces(city),the total α and β thalassemia screening positive rate were 16.37%,17.81%,the specific distribution(α/β):Guangxi(7.06% /5.89%),Sichuan(2.74% /3.02%),Hunan (1.87% /2.32%),Yunnan(1.56% /1.57%),Guizhou(1.85% /3.04%)and Chongqing(1.29% /1.97%).The total α and β thalassemia screening suspected positive rate were 50.56%,3.25%,the specific distribution(α/β):Guangxi(11.59% /0.33%),Sichuan(11.27% /0.50%),(9.58% /2.05%)in Yunnan,Chongqing(7.35% /0.08%),(7.12% /0.22%)of Hunan and Guizhou(3.65% /0.07%).Conclusion The six southern provinces (city)positive screening rate distribution is different,the highest in Guangxi,followed by Sichuan,Guizhou is the lowest;suggestions will flow into the southern city and high malaria area included in in screening of thalas-semia.The four-way experiment has a higher positive rate of screening for thalassemia,and screening out the number of abnormal hemoglobin disease,and has great value of reduce the misdiagnosis.In order to further re-duce the misdiagnosis,suggested that serum iron detection into thalassemia screening.Strengthen the screen-ing efforts for thalassemia in high risk families,reducing the birth rate of thalassemia major,improve popula-tion quality,reduce the economic burden of the family and the country.