BACKGROUND: Immune tolerance is regarded as the most effective measure to overcome rejection. For the past few years, the important effect of immature dendritic cells (imDCs) on immune tolerance has drawn close attention. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of imDCs treated with tacrolimus (FK506) on imlnune tolerance in rat allograft organ transplantation and to investigate the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by imDCs. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled animal experiment. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Animal Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College. Qingdao University from April 2006 to December 2006.Cervical heart transplantations were performed in which 45Wister rats were used as donors and45 SD rats as allograft recipients. The ratswere randomly divided into three groups with 15 for each. METHODS: Normal sodium, imDes. and imDCs treated with FK506 were injected via vena caudalis seven. days before the operations respectively. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was meas ured on SD, Wistar, and Lewis rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart allografi survival was monitored and one-way MLR, heart pathology and the levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-10,and interferon-Y(IFN-Y)in the serum were detected. RESULTS: In treatment group without FK506.heart allografl survival were prolonged after imDC injection(P＜0.01);while their survival were prolonged further in treatment group with FK506(P＜0.05).MLR showed that the tolerance was donor specific. Analysis of variance showed that tere was high significant difference for serum concentrations of IL-2,IFN-Y,IL-4,and IL-10 in the three groups(P＜0.01).The concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-Y expressing on Th1 were lower. and that of IL-4 and IL-10 expressing on Th2 were obviously higher in the latter two groups. CONCLUSION: ImDCs can induce immune tolerance in rat heterotopic heart transplantation successfully; ImDCs treated with FK506 can enhance the tolerance which is donor specific.ImDCs may induce the immnune tolerance bymeans of modifying the immune response type of T cells (immune deflection from Th1 to Th2), mediating the generation of regulatory T cells (T-reg)and inducing T cells disenabling.

Objective To investigate the levels of p27kip1 and ki-67 of psoriatic lesions in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods The expression of p27kip1 and ki-67 in psoriatic lesions was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results The level of p27kip1 expression was significantly lower in the plaque-form lesions of the patients with psoriasis than that in the normal controls(P 0.05). The expression level of ki-67 was significantly higher in plaque-form lesions than that in the normal controls(P

Objective To assess the effects of hyperventilation on the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and consumption during craniotomy Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ Ⅱ patients with supratentorial tumor undergoing elective craniotomy were studied Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 4 ?g/kg and propofol 1 2mg/kg I V and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1 5 2 0mg/kg I V After tracheal intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane with or without nitrous oxide and intermittent intravenous bolus of vecuroinum The patients were randomly divided into two groups : in group Ⅰ anesthesia was maintained with 1 5% isoflurane alone (ISO group, n=10); in group Ⅱ with 0 8% isoflurane and 60% 65% N 2O(ISO N 2O group, n=10) Demographic data including age, sex and weight were not significantly different between the two groups In group Ⅰ there were 6 male and 4 female, the mean age was (40 1?9 7) years and weight (64 5?7 3)kg whereas in group Ⅱ there were 5 male and 5 female, mean age was(43 6?8 4)years and mean body weight (62 7?6 5)kg After the opening of dura mechanical ventilation was regulated to maintain PaCO 2 at 4 7 6 0kPa(normal ventilation), 0 9) Arterial and venous blood lactate was within normal range but had a tendency to increase Conclusions Severe hyperventilation influences the balance of cerebral oxygen supply and consumption significantly during either isoflurane or isoflurane N 2O anesthesia at equal MAC, particularly in ISO N 2O group Severe hyperventilation should not be used during anesthesia for brain surgery

Objective To investigate the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on acute hypoxic pulmonary arterial hypertension and acute hypoxic lung injury. Methods Thirty Wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were anesthetized with intramuscular 3% pentobarbital 50 mg?kg-1 . Pulmonary catheter was inserted via right external jugular vein for mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) monitoring. Left common carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring. Tracheotomy was performed and the animals were mechanically ventilated ( RR = 80-90 bpm). PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control group inhaled 21 % O2 for 30 min ( n = 10); (2) hypoxia group inhaled 10% O2 + 90% N2 for 30 min ( n = 10) and (3) CO group inhaled 100 ppm CO in 10% O2 + 90% N2 for 30 min ( n = 10) . Arterial blood 4 ml was obtained at the end of experiment for estimation of blood HbCO and plasma MDA concentration and RBC SOD activity. A piece of lung tissue was obtained immediately after the animal was sacrificed for electron microscopic examination. Results (1) In hypoxia group MPAP was markedly increased, plasma MDA level elevated and SOD activity reduced as compared with control group ( P

Objective: To analyze the correlation among serum adiponectin (APN), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentrations and severity of coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 78 ACS patients, who hospitalized and received therapy in our hospital from Oct 2013 to Oct 2014, were enrolled as ACS group. According to severity of coronary lesion, they were further divided into single vessel coronary disease group (single vessel group, n=15), double-vessel coronary disease group (double-vessel group, n=37) and multi-vessel coronary disease group(multi-vessel group, n=26). Another 72 subjects without coronary heart disease (CHD), who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period, were selected as non-CHD control group. Serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 were measured in all groups. The correlation among serum APN, HO-1 concentrations and severity of coronary lesion were analyzed. Results: Compared with non-CHD control group, there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [(15.27±2.31) mg/L vs. (5.73±0.88) mg/L] and HO-1 [(55.09±8.63) μg/L vs. (23.17±3.09) μg/L] in ACS group, P<0.01 both. Compared with single vessel group, there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN[(9.72±1.13) mg/L vs. (7.05±0.93) mg/L vs. (4.23±0.52) mg/L] and HO-1 [(38.16±7.52) μg/L vs. (28.17±5.31) μg/L vs. (20.32±3.28) μg/L] in double-vessel group and multi-vessel group, and those of multi-vessel group were significantly lower than those of double-vessel group, P<0.05 or <0.01. Linear regression analysis indicated that serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 were significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion (r=-2.869, -2.742, P<0.05 both). Conclusion: Serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 significantly reduce in ACS patients, and their levels are significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion, so they are helpful to judging patient’s condition and guiding treatment.

Objective:To analyze the correlation among serum adiponectin (APN) ,heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) con‐centrations and severity of coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) .Methods :A total of 78 ACS patients ,who hospitalized and received therapy in our hospital from Oct 2013 to Oct 2014 ,were enrolled as ACS group .According to severity of coronary lesion ,they were further divided into single vessel coronary disease group (single vessel group ,n=15) ,double‐vessel coronary disease group (double‐vessel group ,n=37) and multi‐vessel coronary disease group (multi‐vessel group , n = 26 ) . Another 72 subjects without coronary heart disease (CHD) ,who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period ,were selected as non‐CHD con‐trol group .Serum concentrations of APN and HO‐1 were measured in all groups . The correlation among serum APN ,HO‐1 concentrations and severity of coronary lesion were analyzed .Results:Compared with non‐CHD con‐trol group ,there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [ (15.27 ± 2.31) mg/L vs .(5.73 ± 0.88) mg/L] and HO‐1 [ (55.09 ± 8.63)μg/L vs .(23.17 ± 3.09)μg/L] in ACS group ,P<0.01 both .Compared with single vessel group ,there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [(9.72 ± 1.13) mg/L vs . (7.05 ± 0.93) mg/L vs .(4.23 ± 0.52) mg/L] and HO‐1 [(38.16 ± 7.52)μg/L vs .(28.17 ± 5.31)μg/L vs .(20.32 ± 3.28)μg/L] in double‐vessel group and multi‐vessel group ,and those of multi‐vessel group were significantly low‐er than those of double‐vessel group ,P<0.05 or <0.01 .Linear regression analysis indicated that serum concentra‐tions of APN and HO‐1 were significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion (B= -2.869 , -2.742 , P<0.05 ,<0.01 respectively) .Conclusion:Serum concentrations of APN and HO‐1 significantly reduce in ACS patients ,and their levels are significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion ,so they are help‐ful to judging patient's condition and guiding treatment .

Objective:To study changes of serum concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1),endo- thelin (ET )-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)complicated coronary heart disease (CHD)and explore their correlations with inflammatory factors.Meth-ods:The 120 patients with T2DM+ CHD treated in our hospital from May 2013 to Sep 2014 were enrolled in obser-vation group,including 30 cases with SAP,30 cases with UAP,30 cases with NSTEMI and 30 cases with STEMI. Another 30 T2DM cases without cardiovascular diseases during the same period were enrolled as pure DM group.En- zyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure concentrations of HMGB1,ET-1,MIF,CRP,TNF-α,IL-6, IL-8,IL-17 and IL-23,and they were compared among above groups.Results:Compared with pure DM group, there were significant rise in serum concentrations of HMGB1 [(3.49±0.52)μg/L vs.(9.18±1.02)μg/L],ET- 1 [(104.54±12.56)ng/L vs.(256.56±34.16)ng/L],MIF [(87.78±10.52)ng/L vs.(178.32±21.34)ng/L], CRP [(6.28±0.84)mg/L vs.(16.52±2.15)mg/L],TNF-α[(8.54±1.09)ng/L vs.(21.91±2.76)ng/L],IL- 6 [(2.25±0.34)ng/L vs.(6.34±0.82)ng/L],IL-8 [(7.23±0.94)ng/L vs.(15.41±1.97)ng/L],IL-17 [(65.34±8.32)ng/L vs.(141.62±20.18)ng/L]and IL-23 [(125.22±14.23)ng/L vs.(321.12±41.54)ng/L] in observation group,P<0.05 or <0.01. The serum concentrations of HMGB1,ET-1 and MIF were SAP group

AIM To explore the effect of tacrolimus on maturity and allostimulatory activity of cultured dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. METHODS Twenty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, tacrolimus, LPS, and tacrolimus+LPS groups. The bone marrow cells of rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 6 d and the DC which adhered to the wall were harvested. No other extraneous reagents were used in control group. Tacrolimus 10 μg·L-1 was added to tacrolimus group at the beginning of culture. Lipopolysaccarides (LPS) 100 μg·L-1 were administered 18 h beforeharvest in LPS group. In tacrolimus+LPS group, tacrolimus and LPS were used in accordance with tacrolimus and LPS groups. The immunophenotypes of DC were analyzed with flow cytometry and the level of IL-12 secreted by DC was detected by ELISA. The allostimulatory activity of DC on allogeneic T cells was assessed with mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS Compared with control group, LPS increased CD80 and CD86 expressions, IL-12 secretion and allostimulatory activities of DC. Compared with control and LPS groups, tacrolimus cut down the expressions of CD80 and CD86, decreased the secretion of IL-12 and reduced the allostimulatory activity of cultured DC. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus exerts a negative effect on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of cultured DC in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perception of surgeon to ADR reporting system. METHODS: Postal questionnaire was used for survey among 300 surgeons in November 2009. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons mastered a little knowledge about ADR reporting system. More than 50% of surgeons took one-side view on national ADR monitoring with ADR reporting rate of 42.8%. 57.2% of surgeons hadn’t received relevant training. It is suggested that surgeons receive training and education about the knowledge of ADR reporting.

Objective: To study the possibility of liposomes to ta rget hepatocytes af ter being linked with asialofetuin(AF). Methods: The biodistribu tions in differen t cells in liver as well as in blood, in various organs such as heart, spleen, l ung and kidney of mice, of traditional sterically stabilized liposomes(SSL) , AF-linked normal liposomes(AF-NL) and AF-linked sterically stabilized lipos ome s(AF-SSL) were studied by radioisotopic labeling. Results: The half-live s of SSL, AF-NL and AF-SSL were 14.44, 4.73 and 11.49 h， respectively. The di strib ution of liposomes in liver was AF-NL>AF-SSL>SSL. There was significant differenc e among these three formulations. In hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes, the conce ntr ations of the liposomes were both in line with the sequence AF-NL>AF-SSL>SSL( P <0.05). However, the ra tios of the concentrations in hepatocytes to that of non-hepatocytes were AF-N L≈AF -SSLSSL( P <0.05). Conclusion: After being labeled with asi alofetuin, liposomes can target hepatocytes very we ll， whether in long-circulation or not.