Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly evolutionary conserved protein kinase and plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth, growth factors and cell energy, and thus contributes to the formation of nutrition, metabolism and aging processes.Recent studies found that mTOR signaling pathway is associated with cell cycle, protein synthesis and metabolism, and it is an important pathway of diseases such as development of tumor,metabolic disorders,nervous system disease and inflammation.The relationship between mTOR signaling pathway and ophthalmic diseases was reviewed in this article.

AIM To explore the effect of tacrolimus on maturity and allostimulatory activity of cultured dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. METHODS Twenty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, tacrolimus, LPS, and tacrolimus+LPS groups. The bone marrow cells of rats were cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 6 d and the DC which adhered to the wall were harvested. No other extraneous reagents were used in control group. Tacrolimus 10 μg·L-1 was added to tacrolimus group at the beginning of culture. Lipopolysaccarides (LPS) 100 μg·L-1 were administered 18 h beforeharvest in LPS group. In tacrolimus+LPS group, tacrolimus and LPS were used in accordance with tacrolimus and LPS groups. The immunophenotypes of DC were analyzed with flow cytometry and the level of IL-12 secreted by DC was detected by ELISA. The allostimulatory activity of DC on allogeneic T cells was assessed with mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS Compared with control group, LPS increased CD80 and CD86 expressions, IL-12 secretion and allostimulatory activities of DC. Compared with control and LPS groups, tacrolimus cut down the expressions of CD80 and CD86, decreased the secretion of IL-12 and reduced the allostimulatory activity of cultured DC. CONCLUSION Tacrolimus exerts a negative effect on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of cultured DC in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Immune tolerance is regarded as the most effective measure to overcome rejection. For the past few years, the important effect of immature dendritic cells (imDCs) on immune tolerance has drawn close attention. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of imDCs treated with tacrolimus (FK506) on imlnune tolerance in rat allograft organ transplantation and to investigate the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by imDCs. DESIGN: A randomized and controlled animal experiment. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Animal Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College. Qingdao University from April 2006 to December 2006.Cervical heart transplantations were performed in which 45Wister rats were used as donors and45 SD rats as allograft recipients. The ratswere randomly divided into three groups with 15 for each. METHODS: Normal sodium, imDes. and imDCs treated with FK506 were injected via vena caudalis seven. days before the operations respectively. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was meas ured on SD, Wistar, and Lewis rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Heart allografi survival was monitored and one-way MLR, heart pathology and the levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),IL-4,IL-10,and interferon-Y(IFN-Y)in the serum were detected. RESULTS: In treatment group without FK506.heart allografl survival were prolonged after imDC injection(P＜0.01);while their survival were prolonged further in treatment group with FK506(P＜0.05).MLR showed that the tolerance was donor specific. Analysis of variance showed that tere was high significant difference for serum concentrations of IL-2,IFN-Y,IL-4,and IL-10 in the three groups(P＜0.01).The concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-Y expressing on Th1 were lower. and that of IL-4 and IL-10 expressing on Th2 were obviously higher in the latter two groups. CONCLUSION: ImDCs can induce immune tolerance in rat heterotopic heart transplantation successfully; ImDCs treated with FK506 can enhance the tolerance which is donor specific.ImDCs may induce the immnune tolerance bymeans of modifying the immune response type of T cells (immune deflection from Th1 to Th2), mediating the generation of regulatory T cells (T-reg)and inducing T cells disenabling.

Objective: To analyze the correlation among serum adiponectin (APN), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentrations and severity of coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 78 ACS patients, who hospitalized and received therapy in our hospital from Oct 2013 to Oct 2014, were enrolled as ACS group. According to severity of coronary lesion, they were further divided into single vessel coronary disease group (single vessel group, n=15), double-vessel coronary disease group (double-vessel group, n=37) and multi-vessel coronary disease group(multi-vessel group, n=26). Another 72 subjects without coronary heart disease (CHD), who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period, were selected as non-CHD control group. Serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 were measured in all groups. The correlation among serum APN, HO-1 concentrations and severity of coronary lesion were analyzed. Results: Compared with non-CHD control group, there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [(15.27±2.31) mg/L vs. (5.73±0.88) mg/L] and HO-1 [(55.09±8.63) μg/L vs. (23.17±3.09) μg/L] in ACS group, P<0.01 both. Compared with single vessel group, there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN[(9.72±1.13) mg/L vs. (7.05±0.93) mg/L vs. (4.23±0.52) mg/L] and HO-1 [(38.16±7.52) μg/L vs. (28.17±5.31) μg/L vs. (20.32±3.28) μg/L] in double-vessel group and multi-vessel group, and those of multi-vessel group were significantly lower than those of double-vessel group, P<0.05 or <0.01. Linear regression analysis indicated that serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 were significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion (r=-2.869, -2.742, P<0.05 both). Conclusion: Serum concentrations of APN and HO-1 significantly reduce in ACS patients, and their levels are significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion, so they are helpful to judging patient’s condition and guiding treatment.

Objective:To analyze the correlation among serum adiponectin (APN) ,heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) con‐centrations and severity of coronary lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) .Methods :A total of 78 ACS patients ,who hospitalized and received therapy in our hospital from Oct 2013 to Oct 2014 ,were enrolled as ACS group .According to severity of coronary lesion ,they were further divided into single vessel coronary disease group (single vessel group ,n=15) ,double‐vessel coronary disease group (double‐vessel group ,n=37) and multi‐vessel coronary disease group (multi‐vessel group , n = 26 ) . Another 72 subjects without coronary heart disease (CHD) ,who received physical examination in our hospital during the same period ,were selected as non‐CHD con‐trol group .Serum concentrations of APN and HO‐1 were measured in all groups . The correlation among serum APN ,HO‐1 concentrations and severity of coronary lesion were analyzed .Results:Compared with non‐CHD con‐trol group ,there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [ (15.27 ± 2.31) mg/L vs .(5.73 ± 0.88) mg/L] and HO‐1 [ (55.09 ± 8.63)μg/L vs .(23.17 ± 3.09)μg/L] in ACS group ,P<0.01 both .Compared with single vessel group ,there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of APN [(9.72 ± 1.13) mg/L vs . (7.05 ± 0.93) mg/L vs .(4.23 ± 0.52) mg/L] and HO‐1 [(38.16 ± 7.52)μg/L vs .(28.17 ± 5.31)μg/L vs .(20.32 ± 3.28)μg/L] in double‐vessel group and multi‐vessel group ,and those of multi‐vessel group were significantly low‐er than those of double‐vessel group ,P<0.05 or <0.01 .Linear regression analysis indicated that serum concentra‐tions of APN and HO‐1 were significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion (B= -2.869 , -2.742 , P<0.05 ,<0.01 respectively) .Conclusion:Serum concentrations of APN and HO‐1 significantly reduce in ACS patients ,and their levels are significant inversely correlated with severity of coronary lesion ,so they are help‐ful to judging patient's condition and guiding treatment .

Objective To understand the characteristics of population distribution,risk factors and risk links of occupational exposure among health care workers(HCWs)in a hospital.Methods Occupational exposure among HCWs between January 2011 and June 2014 were monitored,data about occupational categories of HCWs,expo-sure locations,exposure links and exposure modes were analyzed statistically.Results Among 286 occupational ex-posure cases,the female and male HCWs accounted for 22.03% (n=63)and 77.97% (n=223)respectively;the incidence of occupational exposure in 2011 ,2012,2013 and January-June of 2014 was 38.81 %(n=111),26.22% (n=75),23.43% (n=67)and 11 .54% (n=33)respectively;occupational exposure of junior nurses,doctors,nurs-ing attendants,technicians,senior nurses and cleaners was 31 .97%,19.90%,15.79%,7.64%,4.17%,and 2.84% respectively;exposure mainly occurred at the time of sorting waste,withdrawing or changing needles,dis-carding sharps into sharps containers,surgical suturing or instruments passing,and puncturing (including drawing blood),the constituent ratio was 22.38%,19.58%,14.34%,12.94% and 11 .19%,respectively;the main loca-tions where exposure occurred were wards,operating rooms and injection (treatment)rooms,the constituent ratio was 51 .40%,19.58% and 11 .54% respectively.Conclusion Hospital should establish comprehensive occupational exposure monitoring and risk management system,strengthen standard prevention,enhance the training about occu-pational exposure among high-risk population,and monitor and intervene on risk factors and links,so as to reduce the incidence of HCWs’occupational exposure.

Objective To explore the efficacy of multiple target therapy in treatment of patients with chronic moderate and severe IgA nephropathy with hyperuricemia.Methods Seventy-six patients with chronic progressive moderate and severe IgA nephropathy with hyperuricemia were enrolled the current study and randomly divided into observation group and control group.Patients in control group were treated with allopurinol,prednisone,benner pury and valsartan,while those in observation group were treated with urokinase,mycophenolate mofetil besides the basis of control group for 6 months.The blood uric acid (UA),24 h urine protein,mean arterial pressure (MAP) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were determined and analyzed.Results The levels of UA,24 h urinary protein,MAP and Ccr in observation group and control group were same before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After 6 months treatment,the levels of UA,24 h urine protein,MAP and Ccr in observation group were (413.7 ± 90.7) μmol/L,(1.15 ± 0.57) g/L,(87.7 ± 10.6) mmHg and (81.9 ± 3.7) ml/min respectively,significantly different from those of the control group ((369.6 ± 67.2) μ mol/L,(0.77 ±0.51) g/L,(81.6 ±12.3) mmHg and (86.4 ±6.8) ml/min;t =2.219,2.802,2.132,3.230;P ＜0.05).The rate of adverse reactions in two groups was not significantly differnent(9.7％ (3/31) vs 9.1％ (3/33) ; x2 =0.006,P =0.936).Conclusion Multiply target therapy is effective and safe in terms of treating chronic progressive moderate and severe IgA nephropathy with hyperuricemia.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of voriconazole on pulmonary fungals infection after renal transplantation.METHODS Nine cases of pulmanory fungals infection after renal transplantation were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of voriconazole.RESULTS Treated with voriconazole,seven in nine patients were cured,while the other two died.CONCLUSIONS For patients with pulmanory fungals infection after renal transplantation,the application of voriconazole can receive satisfactory effect.

OBJECTIVE To use the software for hospital infection control in our hospital to improve monitoring of nosocomial infection in invasive nursing procedure and reduce incidence rate of nosocomial infections.METHODS The software for hospital infection control was used in this prospective investigation to collect common information of invasive nursing procedure,institute intervention measure to invasive nursing procedure,and observe the(occurrence) of nosocomial infection.RESULTS Element administration,process administration,and monitoring(administration) were used to real-time control in invasive nursing procedure,thus fasten information transfer and optimize(performance) flow-sheet of nosocomial infections administration.The software usage could accurately(provide) the(information) of nosocomial infection in-time,and feed-back rapidly.CONCLUSIONS Whole process(control) in invasive nursing procedure can discover and solve problems,thus improve efficiency and effectiveness for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE To improve the level of pathogen detection with the software for drug-resistance message input system. METHODS The software which manufactured by the First Affiliated Clinical hospital of General Hospital of PLA,can detect, analyze,calculate and inquire to samples of inpatients. RESULTS The software may classify the drug-resistance with different partner statistic means.Moreover,it can calculate the sample detection rate and positive rate. CONCLUSIONS The software may provide efficiency and effectiveness for drug-resistance detection.