Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a high spatial resolution,three-dimensional,and gradient echo magnetic resonance technique.Recent studies have shown that SWI can be used to detect the intra-arterial thrombi,assess the viability of the ischemic brain tissue,and predict the short-and long-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.This article reviews the application of SWI in these fields.

Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare stroke type,accounting for 0.5％ to 1％ of all strokes.The correct diagnosis of CVST depends on neuroimaging examination.This article reviews the imaging diagnosis of CVST.

Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy was used to treat 49 cases of restless legs syndrome. Yanglingquan (GB 34), Jinggu(BL 64), Chengshan (BL 57), Chengjin (BL 56) and Shangqiu (SP 5) were the main acupoints; Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23) and Taixi ( KI 3)were matched to the type of deficiency of liver and kidney yin; Xuehai (SP 10) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were matched to the type of cold-dampness entering interior. Chengshan (BL 57) and Chengjin (BL 56) were needled. After the arrival of qi, warm needling was done. Bilateral cases disappeared and the clinical symptoms of 1 case disappeared partly.

The clinical examination results of 310 patients with advanced schistosomiasis were analyzed,the results showed that the conditions of most of the cases were severe.which should be paid aRenfion to.

The function of the nervous system is largely determined by the communication between neurons and glial cells.The interaction of complex signaling pathways between neurons and glial cells involves in a variety of signaling molecules.Purines and the purinergic receptors play a crucial role in the process of the interaction.For a long time, the study on the central nervous system is mainly focused on neurons, while glial cells are mainly used as support cells or in response to brain injury to provide a guiding role.The latest research shows that glial cells play an important role in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases.We will summarize the function of purinergic receptors in the interaction of neurons and glial cells and in neurological diseases.

Long noncoding RNAs ( lncRNAs ) are transcribed RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. In recent years, studies have shown that lncRNAs have many important bi-ological functions. With the development of modern biological technology, lncRNAs transcripts can be easily detected and pre-dicted. However, unlike protein-coding genes whose sequence motifs usually have indicative function, lncRNA sequence infor-mation is currently uninformative for function prediction. Thus, how to decode the function of lncRNAs has gradually become a hot issue in genome research. The paper summarizes the studies regarding the methods to probe the function of lncRNAs.

BACKGROUND:Fewer ethical issues exist in adult stem cells, and some operating technologies are relatively mature. Therefore, to construct tissue-engineered salivary glands using adult stem cells is very attractive and seductive with an extremely important application prospect. OBJECTIVE:To establish a rat model of salivary gland injury by ligation of the main excretory duct of the submandibular gland and to explore the existing feasibility and location of adult stem cells in the injured models. METHODS:The main excretory duct of the right submandibular glands was ligated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 1 week, rats were kil ed to remove the bilateral glands that were then subject to hematoxylin-eosin staining, PAS glycogen staining and immunohistochemical staining for determination of CK-19, Bcl-2, Ki-67. After that, we compared the normal submandibular gland with the damaged model after ligation of main excretory duct. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The rats showed differences in the volume and mass of the affected and normal submandibular glands. The normal submandibular gland was oval, ruddy, smooth, soft with an intact envelop. After ligation, the injured submandibular gland appeared to have atrophy with dark red in color, irregular morphology, envelop congestion, and rough texture;the surrounding vessels showed compensatory expansion. PAS-positive gland cells disappeared, CK-19-postive smal duct epithelial cells proliferated, and laminin-positive cells that were rarely found in the normal gland existed around the duct. In addition, Bcl-2/Ki-67 positive cells were both increased. These findings indicate that stem/progenitor cells may be located in the periductal area of the submandibular gland;and the model of submandibular gland injury established by ligation of the main excretory duct is effective to activate stem/progenitor cells in the submandibular gland.

Investigations and interviews on six county (city)-level public hospitals practicing the drug zero price margin policy discovered increases on average outpatient expense per visit,average outpatient drug expense per visit,ratio of outpatient drug expense,average drug expense per hospital discharge,and ratio of drug expense upon discharge as well as the total ratio of drug expenses.An analysis of the poor performance of the policy results in the following recommendations.A better performance of this policy calls for support of such reforms as drug supply manner,drug price control,doctors' incentives for over-prescription and payment manner at public hospitals.Only with these support can this policy reach its expected outcomes of alleviating the drug expense burden of the people.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can differentiate into mature endothelial cells and participate in postnatal vascular regeneration and impaired endothelium repair.Rearches in recent years on use of EPCs as seed cells in promoting angiogenesis,maintaining the integrity of endothelial function and constructing tissue engineered blood vessels are reviewed.

Objective To study the effect of Rhubarb as a supplemental emergency treatment for acute omethoate Poisoning (AOMP). Methods 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: slight intoxication group, severe intosieation group, therapeutial group of Rhubarb after severe intoxication and normal control group. The intoxication experimental model (one slight group, two severe groups) were made by intragastrically given at different dose of Omethoate. The severe group was received Rhubarb treatment. Results The rats action in Rhubarb treated group was significantly better than that in control group, and the level of cholinesterase (ChE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum st different time were significantly higher than those in other two intoxication groups. (P<0. 05 or P <0.01).Conclusions Rhubarb might be good for AOMP as a supple mental emergency therapy.