Probiotics have been defined as living microorganisms exert beneficial effects on the health of the host,which can be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract,respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases.Although it is currently mainly used for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections,there are also studies have shown that probiotics have inhibitory effects on parasites infection.Therefore,probiotics will provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of parasites.

Objective　To investigate the activation of human T cells with superantigen SEA. Methods　T cells proliferation, IL-2 production, DNA synthesis, cell phenotype and apoptosis induced by the SEA in the first or restimulation were detected. Results　 It was shown that 100 ng/mL was the optimal activation concentration, IL-2 production arrived at top level in the third day, SEA activated CD4+ and CD8+T with the same degree, T cells start apoptosis in response to SEA restimulation within 24 hours and apoptosis disappeared through addition of rhIL-2. Conclusions　 There were correlation between activation and SEA concentration or stimulation period； SEA activated both CD4+ and CD8+T cells without change the cell phenotype.

The influenza A virus (IAV) belongs to the family Influenza Virus and subfamily Orthomyxoviridae. The IAV can cause acute infections of the lower respiratory in human and animals. Recently, many studies have been performed to reveal the lung CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Tregs via multiple effector and regulatory mechanisms to against IAV. In this paper, we review the state of progress with regards to various strategies of IAV escape from T cell responses, T cells and innate T cells immunity against influenza virus, which will provide a useful reference tool for future related reseach.
Animals ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; immunology ; physiology ; Lung ; immunology ; virology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

Objective To investigate the effect of iuvenile rheumatoid arthritis(JRA) serum (leukotriene B4,LTB4) LTB4-BLT2 on mice DCs.Methods Bone marrow(BM)-derived DCs from healthy mouse were purified.and induced by cytokine IL-4 and GM-CSF to immature DCs and then differentiated to mature DCs under the stimulation of LPS in vitro.DCs were evaluated by light microscope and flow cvtometry.The concentrations of LTB4 in DCs supernatant,normal serum,active JRA,and that of the co-cuItured with BLT2 antagonist LY255283 were detected by ELISA.The expression of BLT2 protein and mRNA in DCs was examined by immunocytochemistry,immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.Meanwhile,the expression of BLT2 in DCs after 18 h co-cultured with normal serum,in serum of active JRA and that of BLT2 antagonist (LY255283)group was assayed by flow cytometry respectively.Results LTB4-BLT2 was expressed by DCs.Not only BLT2 mRNA but also its protein was expressed in DCs.The concentration of LTB4 Was(17±3)pg/ml,(82±20)pg/ml,(82±20)pg/ml and(24±6)pg/ml,(115±20)pg/ml,(91±11)pg/ml in normal serum group,active JRA group and LY255283 group before and after 1 8 h,respectively.The expression Was higher in serum of active JRA group than that of normal sertlm group(P<0.01)and there was a tendency to be higher when compared with LY255283 group(P<0.05).The DC BLT2 expression was 27.7±2.9,46.3±8.7 and 30.3±5.5 in normal serum group,serum of active JRA group and LY255283 grbup after 1 8h respectively.The expression was stronger in active JRA group than other groups(P<0.05).Conclusion DC can develop a LTB4-BLT2 signal pathway by BLT2 with autocrine and/or extrinsic LTB4.The overexpression of this pathway may be involved in the initiating and activation of JRA.

Total 1 500 subjects aged over 60 years were selected from 10 community health service centers with cluster sampling method.A questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed in all subjects.Sixty five patients with chronic heart failure were detected.The questionnaire showed that 77.6％ (38/49)patients were diagnosed in tertiary hospitals,and 12.2％ (6/49) were diagnosed in community hospitals.When heart failure occurred,most patients (37.7％,20/53) chose to take a taxi to the tertiary hospital directly,and less patients (17.0％,9/53)contacted community doctors.When a heart attack happened,68.8％ (33/48)of the patients could reach the hospital within 30 min,and 55.3％ (26/47) within 60 min.45.7％ (21/46) elderly patients were hospitalized for heart failure once a year;31.1％ (14/45) were in hospital for less than 10 d each time.46.0％ (23/50) heart failure patients had received health education and 40.0％ (16/40) had taken drugs under supervision;the majority health educators were community doctors and majority supervisors were family members.The results suggest that the confirmed diagnosis and treatment of heart failure patients still rely on tertiary hospitals,community health institutions play an important role in health education and management of heart failure patients outside hospitals.But the utilization of community health services is still not enough in community health service centers.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), summarize the clinical experience, and improve the awareness,diagnosis and treatment level of CVS.Methods The clinical data and results of long-term follow-up of the children with CVS were collected and analyzed from 1995 to 2009 in our department.Results Forty-six children were enrolled in the study, including 22 boys and 24 girls.Mean onset age was 4.5 years(ranged from 1 to 11 years)and the mean age at final diagnosis was 8.5 years (ranged from 4.5 to 14.5 years).Sixty-six and seventy-four percent of patients had family history of migraine and motional sickness respectively,whereas 83% patients had triggers.The clinical manifestation of CVS was severe episodic vomiting.The episodes had a rapid onset and sudden ending,persisted for several hours to days,and were separated by symptom-free intervals.The incidental symptoms were pallor, lethargy,intractable nausea,abdominal pain,headache,photophobia and dizzy.Twenty-nine patients diagnosed were followed up for 5 years at average.Five patients were treated with valproate,4 with cyproheptadine, 5 with cyproheptadine and valproate,5 with amitriptyline,cyprohep tadine and valproate,and 3 with cyproheptadine and flunarizine.All treated patients recovered mean 10 months(1.5 months to 2 years) years later and displayed the reduced number of episodes or the severity of episodes except 3 patients.Twenty-eight percent (8/29) of patients progressed to migraine headaches.Conclusion CVS is a relatively common disease in children and awareness of the condition should be increased.CVS should be considered when patients had recurrent vomitting and were completely healthy between the two episodes after excluding other pathological conditions.

Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells is important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein that plays a major role in the regulation of the autoimmune and inflammatory response .CRP has a role in the clearance of bacteria and dying and altered cells through binding to phosphocholine and might also have more complex immunomodulatory functions . CRP function as opsonins for pathogens and dying and apoptotic cells through activation of the complement pathway and through binding to Fcγreceptors , and is associated with the clearance of apoptotic cells and nuclear antigen , thus becoming a protective molecule against pathogenic autoimmune responses in general . Measurement of serum CRP level is in widespread clinical use as a sensitive marker of inflammation and autoimmune disease , particularly in relation to the use of the CRP-based disease activity score in the evaluation of rheumatoid disease.

Objective:To explore the relationship between transcription factor AP 1 and NF kappaB and IL 2 decrease in anergic T cells.Methods:Nuclear proteins of activated T cells and anergic T cells were extracted and then the expression of AP 1 and NF kappaB were determinated by gel electrophorotic mobility shift assay.Results:Compared to activated T cells,anergic T cells expressed defective AP 1 transcription factor;there were three forms NF kappaB complex in both activated T cells and agergic T cells,but NF kappaB transcription activity was higher in anergic T cells than that in activated T cells.Conclusion:It has been demonstrated that these alteration of transcription factors have been likely to be responsible for repression of IL 2 in anergic T cells.

Objective To investigate the influence of individual psychological intervention on quality of life of HIV infection / AIDS patients.Methods 50 cases diagnosed as HIV infection / AIDS were selected,randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 25 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment and care,while for the observation group,the psychological health and quality of life were measured with SCL-90,SF-36 scales,then personalized psychological intervention was implemented after analyzing the influencing factors.Three months after discharge,the assessment test was carried out using SCL-90 and SF-36 scales,then compared the quality of mental health and life situation of the two groups.Results Mental health and quality of life between the observation group and the control group before intervention was not statistically significant.After intervention,the comparison is statistically significant Conclusions Individualized psychological intervention can improve patients quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the effect of TNF-αand IFN-γon NIT-1 cells apoptosis and the apoptosis mechan-ism.Methods:NIT-1 cells were exposed to a combination of TNF-αand IFN-γtreatment.The viability of NIT-1 cells was assessed via MTT assay.The morphological changes of the cells and nuclei were observed under the inverted or confocal laser scanning microscope with Hoechst 33258 staining.The activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP was detected by Western blot.Results:TNF-αand IFN-γsig-nificantly inhibited NIT-1 cells viability, promoted cells apoptosis, induced the activation of Caspase-8,-3 and PARP cleavage.Conclusion:TNF-αcombined with IFN-γtreatment induced the apoptosis of NIT-1 cells through death receptor pathway.