Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) is an important pathogen threatening to human health. Up to date, various of cell infection models and animal models for HBV and the host are widely used in the exploring research of infection mechanism, new drug development and effective therapeutic method for HBV. However, these models have some defects, such as low infection rate, rather short infective stage, and comparatively large species differences with human, and so on. Among them, the biggest problem is that these models cannot completely simulate HBV infection process and pathological changes naturally occurred in human. Herein, the major HBV infection models developed in the past fifteen years, as well as the latest research progress, are presented as a brief review, to provide a reference for constructing novel HBV infection models in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:A single dose of 100 or 200 mg balofloxacin tablets were given to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover design.Concentrations of balofloxacin in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC with data processed by DAS(drug and statistics)software.RESULTS:After administration of balofloxacin 100 mg and 200 mg,the Cmax were(0.970?0.245)?g?mL-1 and(1.849?0.466)?g?mL-1;the tmax were(1.25?1.10)h and(1.24?0.81)h;the t1/2 were(7.14?1.01)h and(7.11?0.72)h;the AUC0～36 were(7.309?1.368)?g?h?mL-1 and(15.214?1.727)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0～∞ were(7.531?1.386)?g?h?mL-1 and(15.695?1.762)?g?h?mL-1;the accumulative eliminating rates within 36 h in urine were(64.47?11.56)% and(63.24?11.93)%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of balofloxacin in healthy volunteer after oral administration was characterized by high peak concentration and long half life.The method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and can satisfy the requirements for pharmaceutical study.

Using LabVIEW programming and high-speed multifunction data acquisition card PCI-6251, we designed an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal generator based on Chinese typical ECG database. When the ECG signals are given off by the generator, the generator can also display the ECG information annotations at the same time, including waveform data and diagnostic results. It could be a useful assisting tool of ECG automatic diagnose instruments.
Databases, Factual ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To investigate the expression of SOX4 and C/EBPα mRNA in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and their clinical significances. Methods Bone marrow samples from 68 cases of CML including 57 newly diagnosed patients and 11 patients treated with imatinib were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 healthy people were collected as healthy control. The expression of SOX4 and C/EBPαmRNA and protein levels were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The relations between the expression of SOX4 and C/EBPα and the influences of imatinib on SOX4 and C/EBPα were analyzed. Results The expression level of SOX4 mRNA was increased in newly diagnosed CML patients compared with that of normal control group (6.545 5±1.495 2 vs. 0.059 6±0.018 8, t=3.139, P=0.002 3), but the expression level of C/EBPαmRNA was significantly decreased (0.238 8±0.033 8 vs. 0.810 5±0.056 2, t=9.240, P<0.000 1). The expression levels of SOX4 and C/EBPαmRNA had no significant correlation with age, gender, white blood cell count (WBC) and bcr-abl of newly diagnosed patients (all P>0.05). The expression level of SOX4 mRNA in 5 patients treated with imatinib was decreased (0.120 6 ±0.044 9 vs. 0.557 9±0.144 8, t=2.885, P=0.020 4), and the expression level of C/EBPαmRNA was increased (0.330 3±0.042 4 vs. 0.150 5±0.046 5, t=2.855, P=0.021 3). The expression level of SOX4 mRNA in 6 patients who developed blast phase during the treatment of imatinib was increased (0.469 9±0.123 0 vs. 0.050 2±0.036 6, t=2.370, P=0.039 3), and the expression level of C/EBPα mRNA was decreased (0.197 9 ±0.064 7 vs. 0.378 7±0.042 9, t=2.327, P=0.042 3). The expression of SOX4 mRNA was negatively correlated with C/EBPα mRNA (t=-0.554 6, P=0.002 8). Conclusions In newly diagnosed CML, the expression level of SOX4 is increased, C/EBPα is decreased compared with that of healthy control, and both have negative correlation. In the patients in blast phase after imatinib treatment, SOX4 gene is up-regulated, and C/EBPα is down-regulated. C/EBPα-SOX4 axis may play a role in the occurrence and development of CML. SOX4 may be a new molecular target for the treatment of CML.

Objective To quantifiably measure the methylation frequency of 18 CpG sites in the 3′region of L1 gene and long control region(LCR) gene of HPVl6 DNA,and study the relationship between HPVl6 DNA methylation and severity of cervical lesions. Methods A total of 10 cases Normal/low?grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(Normal/LSIL),10 cases of high?grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL),and 10 cases of cervical cancer(CC)were recruited for the study. The relationship between severity of cervical lesions and HPV16 DNA methylation was analyzed by bisultlte?pyrosequencing. Results The methylation rate was highest in Normal/LSIL at position 7 089 located in 3′?L1,followed by CC. The low?est was found in HSIL. The difference in methylation percentage among the three lesions was significant(P=0.006). In 7 134,the proportion meth?ylation was also different among three groups(P=0.01),difference in methylation percentage between Normal/LSIL and CC,as well as Normal/LSIL and HSIL was significant(P=0.038,0.017). Conclusion The methylation status of CpG sites 7 089 and 7 134 in the 3′region of L1gene is asso?ciated with the severity of cervical disease. The quantification of HPV DNA methylation can be used for cervical disease screening in clinical samples.

Objective The present study was aimed to promote the informatization process of scientific research contract and enhance the management level and quality of hospital contract.Methods Legal risks existing in traditional contract management mode in a 3A grade hospital in Shanghai,were taken as an example for exploration on how to reduce and avoid the legal risks by using modern information technology.Results There were many problems in the traditional contract management mode,its main representations were:low efficiency,difficult to supervise,hard to be shared,and the risk of not-fixed content.On the contrary,modern information technology has the following merits,such as:reducing the legal risk caused by human factors,the full control of the contract,shared information,decreased risk,consistent data,and fair approval.Conclusions Modern information technology will be helpful to control risks in the whole process of scientific research contract,and refine the management of scientific research contract.

To divide the lung from the original X-ray image, the maximum classes square error is employed in finding the threshold. Then the thorax is ascertained according to the edge-detection and tracking-bug method, and the lung is divided from the thorax by the thresholding segmentation method. The gray mean in the lung is regarded as the eigenvalue to identify the image, but it doesn not work well. In view of the dosage of the X-ray exposure and the difference between persons, a new method that adopts the ratio of the gray in lungs to the gray in bones as the eigenvalue is brought forward to identify the image. And the two methods are compared by using the distance between classes. The result shows that the second method is more effective.
Humans ; Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Respiration

Objective: To evaluate the dietary quality of residents in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for future health education and nutrition intervention programs. Methods: A stratified multi-stage random sampling method was used to select residents aged 18 years and older in 6 counties (cities, districts) of Wenzhou City as the study subjects, “24-hour dietary review for 3 consecutive days” was adopted to collect dietary intake, and the diet balance index (DBI_16) scoring method was applied to evaluate the dietary quality. Results: This study analyzed the dietary quality of 406 residents in Wenzhou City, including 197 males (48.52%) and 209 females (51.48%). The majority of the residents were aged 18-44 years (254 residents, 62.56%). The median DBI total score was -31 (interquartile range, 8), and 404 residents had insufficient dietary intake, accounting for 99.51%. The median DBI positive score was 5 (interquartile range, 6), and 288 residents had appropriate dietary intake, accounting for 70.94%. The median DBI negative score was 37 (interquartile range, 6), and 210 residents had a high level of insufficient dietary intake, accounting for 51.72%. Five dietary patterns, namely A, B, C, E and F, were identified, with pattern B being the most dominant, accounting for 75.62% of the total (307 individuals). Patterns D, H, I and G were not observed. Conclusions The dietary quality of the residents surveyed indicates the existence of dietary imbalances, mainly manifesting as inadequate intake. It is recommended to strengthen nutritional and health guidance.

Objective To explore the nursing measures in blue laser endoscopy. Methods Endoscopy was performed in 102 patients. The nursing was done including preoperative preparation, nurse's coordination for different mode of endoscpy, postoperative nursing and so on. Result The endoscopy for the 102 patients was successfully done,the time ranging between 10~25 min,averaged 13.85 min.No complications were found. Conclusion The nursing measures including careful preoperative preparation,intraoperative cooperation and postoperative nursing are key to the successful detection and diagnosis of diseases by blue laser endoscopy.

Objective:To explore the value of linaclotide combined with compound polyethylene glycol electrolytes powder (PEG) for bowel preparation for colonoscopy.Methods:A randomized and single blind prospective clinical study was conducted in patients who intended to receive colonoscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology in Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2021 to August 2021. One hundred and fifty-two patients in the experimental group were treated with 580 μg linaclotide + 2 L PEG, and 152 patients in the control group were treated with 3 L PEG. The bowel preparation effects including Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) score, bubble score and lesion detection rate, and safety (adverse events) were compared between the two groups.Results:The total BBPS scores were 9 (8, 9) in the experimental group, and 9 (9, 9) in the control group with no significant difference ( Z=0.141, P=0.888). The bubble scores were 1 (1, 2) in the experimental group, and 1 (1, 1) in the control group with no significant difference ( Z=1.788, P=0.074). There was no significant difference in detection rate of lesions between the experimental group and the control group [37.50% (57/152) VS 33.55% (51/152), χ2=0.517, P=0.472]. There was no significant difference in safety including incidence of nausea [7.24% (11/152) VS 13.16% (20/152), χ2=2.910, P=0.088], vomiting [2.63% (4/152) VS 7.24% (11/152), χ2=3.436, P=0.064], abdominal distension [7.89% (12/152) VS 11.84% (18/152), χ2=1.331, P=0.249] and abdominal pain [2.63% (4/152) VS 4.61% (7/152), χ2=0.849, P=0.357] between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion:Linaclotide combined with PEG for colonoscopic bowel preparation reduces drinking water volume. The cleaning effect and safety are comparable to using 3 L PEG. It can be recommended for bowel preparation for colonoscopy.