Objective To observe the clinical effect of compound danshen dropping pills on the early diabetic kidney disease.Methods A total of 850 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) at stage Ⅲ who met the criteria for DN from January 2012 to July 2012,aged 60 to 75 years [mean age (66.6±4.8) years],were retrospectively analyzed and randomized into the treatment group (n=601) and the control group (n=249).All patients received rational hypoglycemic,antihypertensive,lipids-adjusting treatment and the treatment group received compound danshen drop pill (15 pills,tid),additionally.Laboratory indexes such as urine albumin (UA) and urine creatinine (UCR) were examined 24 weeks after treatment.Results The levels of UA and UCR,and the UA/UCR ratio (ACR) in the treatment group were decreased after versus before treatment.The decreases of UA and UCR had significant differences between the treatment and control group [(39.1±78.7) mg/L vs.(14.7±77.1) mg/L,(1.1±4.5) mmol/L vs.(-0.3± 3.6) mmol/L,t=4.15 and 4.86,both P＜0.01].Conclusions The comprehensive treatment combined with compound danshen dropping pills for 24 weeks can more effectively reduce UA and ACR,thereby it has effects in treating DN and delaying the progression of DN.

Objective By using the computational fluid mechanic(CFD)method the tandem carotid artery stenosis(TCAS)was simulated on the model,and to compare the postoperative hemodynamic changes of different surgical procedures.Methods One patient with tandem stenosis of internal carotid artery(ICA)and common carotid artery(CCA)was selected.CFD technique was used to establish four three-dimensional(3-D)models of the carotid bifurcations,including one model of a real patient and three models of presumptive surgery.The hemodynamic analysis was performed with these models so as to explore the development mechanism of TCAS and to discuss the selection of suitable surgical plan.Results In tandem stenosis,the stenosis was preferentially formed in CCA and subsequently led to ICA stenosis.The local hemodynamic situation in TCAS was more complex and more risky than in single carotid artery stenosis.In tandem stenosis,the treatment of one stenosis site would affect the blood flow at the next stenosis site and cause restenosis or plaque rupture.Conclusion In treating patients with TCAS,CFD simulation examination should be performed when the surgical plan is formulated,which can help clinicians to predict the postoperative changes in blood flow and to choose the appropriate surgical plan.

Background/Aims: Low educational attainment is a well-established risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in developed areas. However, the association between educational attainment and the risk of NAFLD is less clear in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study including over 200,000 Chinese adults across mainland China was conducted. Information on education level and lifestyle factors were obtained through standard questionnaires, while NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were diagnosed using validated formulas. Outcomes included the risk of NAFLD in the general population and high probability of fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the risk of NAFLD and fibrosis across education levels. A causal mediation model was used to explore the potential mediators. Results: Comparing with those receiving primary school education, the multi-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for NAFLD were 1.28 (1.16 to 1.41) for men and 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) for women with college education after accounting for body mass index. When considering waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% CIs) were 0.94 (0.86 to 1.04) for men and 0.88 (0.80 to 0.97) for women, respectively. The proportions mediated by general and central obesity were 51.00% and 68.04% for men, while for women the proportions were 48.58% and 32.58%, respectively. Furthermore, NAFLD patients with lower educational attainment showed an incremental increased risk of advanced fibrosis in both genders. Conclusions In China, a low education level was associated with a higher risk of prevalent NAFLD in women, as well as high probability of fibrosis in both genders.