Objective To explore the relationship between the posterior circulation ischemia(PCI) and vertebrobasilar artery lesion.Methods 57 patients with PCI(PCI group) were examined by DCE-MRA for their craniocervical artery,and the results were compared with the stroke inpatients but non-PCI during the same period(non-PCI group).Results The abnormal rate of vertebrobasilar artery in PCI group(70.2%)was significantly higher than that in non-PCI group(50.7%)(P

The clinical data and findings in MRI enhanced scanning of 16 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis were analyzed retrospectively.Meningeal carcinomatosis with subacute- or chronic-onset deteriorated progressively presenting the characteristics of intracranial hypertension and meningeal irritation.Fourteen out of 16 patients showed abnormal linear and strip signal enhancement of meninges by enhancement scanning.Meningeal carcinomatosis presented in diversified patterns and contrast-enhanced MRI is of referential value for the diagnosis of the disease.

Objective To evaluate the role of hepatocyte apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury of grafted liver and the effects of endothelin 1 (ET 1) monoclonol antibody on hepatocyte apoptosis.Methods Othotopic liver transplantation rats were divided into two groups: with and without ET 1 antibody. The concentrations of ET 1 of plasma and liver tissue were measured. The parameters of liver fuction were determined . The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured and the number of apoptotic hepatocytes in grafts liver was determined.Results The levels of ET 1, ALT in serum, and ET 1, MDA and apoptotic cells in the grafted liver after ischemia/reperfusion were significantly increased compared with normal values. In the ET 1 antibody group, the levels of ET 1, ALT, MDA and apoptotic cells were significantly decreased. Conclusions ET 1 monoclonal antibody can attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing lipid peroxide reaction, and decreasing apoptosis of hepatocytes and thus protect the liver graft.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience in liver retransplantation. Methods The clinical data of 24 patients receiving liver retransplantation 28 times in this hospital were retrospectively analyzed and discussed with relevant literature. Results Among the 880 consecutive liver transplantations, 28(3.18%) had liver retransplantation. The causes of liver retransplantation were biliary complications ( 16 cases, 57. 1%), carcinoma recurrece (6 cases, 21. 4%), hepatic artery thrombosis (4 cases, 14. 3%), chronic rejection (1 case, 3. 6%), primary nonfunction (1 case, 3.6%). Thirteen patients among the 24 were discharged healthy and were followed up for 51days to 67months. Eleven patients died. Three of them died of hemorrhagic shock, 2 of septic shock, 2 of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence, 2 of cardiovascular system complication, 1of nervous system complication, and 1 of hepatic artery thrombosis. Conclusion Liver retransplantation can effectively save patients with graft failure. Proper indication, optimal operating time, improvement of operative skills,and appropriate treatment during the perioperative period are very important for promoting the rate of successful liver retransplantation.

Objective To investigate the potential role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) pathway in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods 8?week old male db/db mice were randomly divided into DN group and DN inflamed group. 10% casein was subcutaneously injected to induce the DN mouse model with inflammation. In vitro, HK?2 cells were treated with high glucose (HG), and IL?1β+HG to investigate the effect of inflammatory stress on HK?2 cells. Further knockdown CXCL16 was mediated by RNA interference to determine the effects of CXCl16, then cells were divided into HG+IL?1βgroup, HG+IL?1β + siCXCL16 group and HG + IL?1β + vehicle group. Changes of renal function in mice were assessed by 24 h proteinuria and N?acetyl?β?D?glucosaminidase (NAG) during 8 weeks. The ultra?microstructure was checked by electron microscopy at 8th week. Lipid accumulation in kidneys and HK?2 were observed by Filipin staining and quantitative assay of intracellular free cholesterol. The protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase?10 (ADAM10), fibronectin and α smooth muscle actin (α?SMA) in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA in HK?2 cells were detected by real?time PCR and Western blotting, and protein expressions of CXCl16, CXCR6 and ADAM10 in HK?2 cells were also tested by cell immunofluorescence. Results Mice in DN inflamed group had higher 24 h proteinuria and NAG than those in DN group, and the differences between two groups shown statistical significance at 8th week (all P<0.05). Compared with DN mice, DN inflamed mice had more vacuoles within renal tubular cells, with mitochondrial swelling, deformation and decrease. Lipid accumulation and protein expressions of fibronectin and α?SMA were increased in DN inflamed group when compared with DN group (all P<0.05). Further, the expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10 were significantly increased in DN inflamed group (all P<0.05). In vitro, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin and α?SMA, and lipid accumulation were increased in high glucose plus IL?1βgroup when compared with high glucose group (all P<0.05). However, after siRNA of CXCL16 transfection, the mRNA and protein expressions of CXCL16, CXCR6, ADAM10, fibronectin andα?SMA were down?regulated in HG+IL?1β+siCXCL16 group as compared with high glucose+IL?1βgroup (all P<0.05). Furthermore, lipid accumulation was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammation accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in DN partly through the activation of CXCL16 pathway, which may facilitate the lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells.

Objective:To evaluate the association between thrombus composition and mechanical recanalization,operation procedure and clinical outcome.Methods:One hundred and ninety-two consecutive stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion treated by mechanical thrombectomy using a stent retriever and (or) aspiration catheter in the Affiliated Huaian No.1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2018 and January 2020 were collected. The retrieved thrombi were quantitatively analyzed for red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and fibrin. The patients were divided into two groups, a erythrocyte-rich group and a fibrin-rich group based on the predominant composition in the clot. The clinical prognosis, CT value of thrombus, procedure time,number of recanalization maneuvers, and degree of vascular recanalization were compared between the two groups.Results:The retrieved clot from 138 patients with acute ischemic stroke from internal carotid artery occlusion ( n=56), middle cerebral artery occlusion ( n=62), intracranial segment of vertebral artery or basilar artery occlusion( n=20) were histologically analyzed. Erythrocyte-rich clots were present in 59 cases, while fibrin-rich clots were present in 79 cases. Cardioembolic thrombi had higher proportions of fibrin/platelets [77.2%(61/79)], less erythrocytes than noncardioembolic thrombi [45.8%(27/59), χ2=8.115, P=0.004]. Patients with erythrocyte-rich thrombi had a smaller number of recanalization maneuvers [2 (1, 2) vs 3 (2, 4), Z=-7.613, P<0.001], shorter procedure time [45 (30, 60) min vs 80 (60, 90) min, Z=-6.944, P<0.001], higher thrombus CT value [42 (32, 53) vs 36 (31, 41), Z=-2.003, P=0.045], good clinical prognosis (the ratio of modified Rankin Scale score ≤2, 62.7% (37/59) vs 39.2% (31/79), χ2=7.444, P=0.006). There was no significant difference in the location of vascular occlusion between the two groups. Conclusion:For patients whose thrombotic components are mainly red blood cells, the cause of stroke may be non cardiogenic cerebral embolism, the CT value of embolus is relatively high, the embolus is easy to remove, and the clinical prognosis is relatively good.

Objective:To investigate the relations of thrombotic components with cause of stroke, procedure of mechanical thrombectomy, degrees of vascular recanalization and clinical prognoses in patients with large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction.Methods:One hundred and thirty-eight patients with large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction accepted mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever and/or aspiration catheter in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were chosen. These patients were divided into two groups, a erythrocyte-rich group and a fibrin-rich group, based on the predominant composition in the clots. The baseline clinical data, procedure time, number of recanalization maneuvers, degrees of vascular recanalization and clinical prognoses were compared between the two groups. The relations of infiltration degrees of erythrocytes and fibrin in embolus with procedure time were investigated.Results:The components of thrombus clots were mainly erythrocytes, fibrin, leukocytes, and platelets; erythrocyte-rich clots were presented in 59 patients, and fibrin-rich clots were presented in 79 patients. There was no significant difference in age, gender, preoperative NIHSS scores, proportions of hypertension, proportion of diabetes and proportion of vascular recanalization between the two groups ( P>0.05). As compared with patients from erythrocyterich group, patients in the fibrin-rich group had significantly higher proportion of cardioembolic thrombus (22.8% vs. 77.2%), statically larger number of recanalization maneuvers (2 [1, 2] times vs. 3 [2, 4] times), significantly longer procedure times (45 [30, 60] min vs. 80 [60, 90] min), and significantly lower proportion of patients with modifed Rankin scale (mRS) scores≤2 90 d after surgery (62.7% vs. 39.2%, P<0.05). Procedure time was negatively correlated with erythrocyte infiltration ( r= -0.562, P=0.005) and positively correlated with fibrin infiltration ( r=0.567, P=0.010). Conclusions:Different components of thrombus suggest the etiology of stroke may be different. Thrombus removal is relatively easy in patients with erythrocyte-rich clots, and the clinical prognosis is relatively good.

Objective:To investigate the effect of intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on sizes and components of thrombi in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).Methods:Ninety-eight AIS patients accepted MT in Department of Neurology, Huaian First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2018 to June 2022 were enrolled; they were divided into bridging therapy group and direct thrombectomy group according to the treatments. Baseline data, prognoses and thrombus features between the 2 groups were compared.Results:No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of age, gender, previous medical history, baseline scores, sites and types of vascular occlusion, TOAST causative classifications, time frame, MT frequencies and techniques, successful recanalization, or prognoses 90 d after MT ( P>0.05). Compared with the direct thrombectomy group, the bridging therapy group had significantly reduced thrombus area (37[22, 78] mm 2vs. 27[14, 62] mm 2) and areas of major pathological components [red blood cells: 16.1([9.0, 37.4] mm 2vs. 11.8[6.1, 22.1] mm 2, fibrin/platelets: 19.5[9.5, 26.4] mm 2vs. 10.7[5.0, 22.8] mm 2, white blood cells: 4.0[2.2, 8.0] mm 2vs. 2.4[1.4, 5.7] mm 2, P<0.05); however, no significant differences in proportions of areas of major pathological components were noted between the 2 groups of patients ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis can significantly reduce the thrombi volume and decrease the contents of major thrombus components in AIS patients after MT, but not change the proportions of major pathological components in thrombi.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous explora-tion. This guideline was commissioned by the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline develop-ment and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working group. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help to standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.