Objective To explore the application effect of formative assessment on the standardized training in pediatric residents.Methods A total of 36 pediatric residents who attended the standardized training in affiliated hospital of Nantong university were randomly divided into 2 groups (18 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group) and trained in accordance with the standardized training content and standard of the national resident of pediatrics.Residents in the experimental group received formative assessment,with total score including process assessment (35％),graduation examination (50％),medicalethics (5％),reading report (5％) and work attendance (5％).While the other 18 residents in the control group received traditional assessment,with final score of graduation examination.The effectiveness of formative assessment was conducted via analysis of test score and self evaluation.The SPSS 17.0 was used for statistics,independent sample t test was used to perform inter-group comparison and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate the correlation.P＜0.05 signifies statistically significant differences.Results In the experimental group,the process evaluation and the graduation examination were both positively related with the total score (r=0.953,r=0.966,P=0.00).In the graduation examination,the scores of clinical practice skills test and case analysis in the experimental group were both higher than those in the control group [(12.03 ± 1.51) vs.(10.83 ± 1.42),(12.03 ± 1.40) vs.(10.83 ± 1.29),P＜0.05],with statistically significant differences.The self evaluation of trainees showed that the clinical-inference and decisionmaking ability,the self-study ability,scores of attitudes and professionalism and total scores in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of formative evaluation on the standardized training in pediatric residents is beneficial to improve the training effect and is worth popularizing.