Objective To explore memory function affected by chronic insomnia. Methods Fiftyfive patients with primary insomnia (PI), 119 patients with comorbidity of depression and insomnia (CDI)and 50 normal individuals were enrolled. Objective memories, including spatial working memory, spatial reference memory, objective working memory and object reference memory, were detected by nine boxes maze, and subjective memory was assessed by themselves on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 ( extremely severe problem) to 4 (no problem). Results Compared to the controls, the self-evaluated memory ( 1( 1,2 ) ) was worse in the mild PI patients, and the spatial working memory ( 6 ( 2. 5,11 ) ) was also worse in the severe PI patients( ×2 = 4. 526,3. 529, both P ＜ 0. 01 ). For the CDI, the self-evaluated memory ( 2 ( 1,2) ) and spatial working memory (6(3,10)) were worse in the mild patients(×2 =5. 803,4. 155 ,both P ＜0. 01 ). However, the object ( 0. 5 (0,1) ) and spatial reference ( 1.5 ( 1, 3 ) ) memories were also worse in the severe patients ( ×2 =2. 641,3. 955 ,both P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions PI damages subjective memory and the severe PI also damages spatial working memory. CDI damages various memory functions, especially in severe CDI patients, including subjective memory, object reference memory, spatial reference memory and spatial working memory.

Baizi Yangxin Pian is a reformed preparation of Baizi Yangxin Wan (bolus) listed in the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China and is considered as a new drug of 4th class. According to the requirement of Regulations for New Drug Approval, its pharmacodynamics and acute and long-term toxicity tests were observed. It was shown that this preparation has a tranquilizing effect which is stronger than Baizi Yahgxin W an. LD_(50) is greater than 37.5g/kg. No toxic effect is revealed in rats after its long-term administration (9g/kg, 4.5g/kg and 3g/kg).

Objective To investigate the correlation between resistin,adiponectin and the blood stasis syndrome in diabetic and primary hypertension patients.Method The primary hypertension and diabetes patients were drawn vein blood to make plasma and serum.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method was used in checking serum adiponectin and resistin.Radioimmuoassay method was applied in checking serum insulin,leptin,ET and tumor necrosis factor(TNF).The fasting blood sugar,total cholesterol(TC),triamid-glycerin(TG),high dense lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL) and low dense lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL) were detected by the chemi-enzymic method.The relation between the indexes and blood stasis syndrome was analyzed by SAS9.1 for windows.Results The detectable rate of the blood stasis syndrome in the diabetic patients was 0.423,while 0.246 in the primary hypertension patients.The difference was significant in statistics.Incidence of blood stasis syndrome increased with the course of illness.Compared with the non-blood stasis syndrome group,the content of leptin,ET and TNF in the blood stasis syndrome group significantly raised,but the content of adiponectin and insulin diminished.The content of resistin did not have obviously change.Compared with the primary hypertension patients,the level of leptin,adiponectin,resistin,insulin in the diabetic patients raised,but there wasn't significant difference in the level of ET and TNF.Conclusions There is negative correlation between adiponectin and the blood stasis syndrome.The link between obesity and the blood stasis syndrome may be through fat factor regulating vasoactive factor.The blood stasis syndrome caused by obesity maybe have nothing to do with the consistency of resistin.

AIM:To establish the method of determining sodium new houttuyfonate in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs.METHODS:The HPLC was employed with chromatographic conditions,such as octa-silicane bond silica gel column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)as analytical column,methanol-water-ammonium hydroxide with 4 butyls(70 ∶30 ∶0.3)as mobile phase and at the flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection was set at 286 nm.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS(ver 1.0)program and compared by statistic analysis.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in blood plasma over the concentration range of 0.128～25.575 mg/L(r= 0.999 2),good precision and high recoveries.The parameters were T_ max= 5.0 min,C_ max= 4.982 mg/L,T_ 1/2=8.67 min.CONCLUSION:The analytical method established in this study is sensitive and exact,and can be used to measure the pharmacokinetics of sodium new houttuyfonate in beagle dog.The sodium new houttuyfonate can metabolize quickly following intravenous injection.

Objective To explore whether an individual' s intention to gamble varied across different types of gambling. Methods A total of 373 Macau students completed a questionnaire survey on intention to gamble dealing with thirteen types of gambling,and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Results The analyses showed two factors that had eigenvalues greater than one and explained a total of 59. 455 percent of the variance,with the largest factor explaining 32.59 percent. Participants' intentions to gamble were relatively lower in gambles of low counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 1.62 ± 1.13 ) to ( 2.20 ± 1.35 ), while the intentions were higher in gambles of high counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 2.34 ± 1. 39 ) to ( 3.02 ± 1.55 ). Conclusion Respondents' degree of intention to gamble was highly domain-specific, varying with the type of gambling.An individual' s intention to gamble is not consistent across all content domains, which implied that a potential gambler is not necessarily intended to gamble in all types of gambling.

Objective To summarize the distribution of departments,conditions of diagnosis and treatment of the syphilis patients in the general hospitals,and thus to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of epidemiology and clinical data of 282 cases with syphilis in recent 5 years were conducted. Results The ratio of male to female was about 1:1.9.Female showed a high incidence in the 21 -50 years old,aver-age (41.68 ±0.96)years old,but for male in the 41 -70 years old,average (53.25 ±1.59)years old.The cases combined with other infectious diseases accounted to 22.0 % (62/282).The cases from the department of obstetrics and gynecology were the most (106 cases),followed by surgery (86 cases)and internal medicine (49 cases).Only 23 cases showed the clinical manifestations of syphilis in the 79 cases,which must be treated.The test rate of TRUST was only 39.0% (110/282).Furthermore,it was very low for the rate of treatment and standard treatment. Conclusion Syphilis is the most in department of obstetrics and gynecology in general hospital,and it is also com-mon in the surgery and internal medicine.The most prominent problems are that the non-special doctors had weak awareness for definite diagnosis of syphilis,and the low rate of treatment and standard treatment.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of short segment of unilateral laminectomy decompression of intervertebral bone graft fusion with pedicle screw fixation in treatment of lumbar spine instability.Methods 100 cases with lumbar instability were randomly divided into the study group and control group with 50 cases in each group,the study group was treated with short segment of unilateral laminectomy decompression of intervertebral bone graft fusion with pedicle screw fixation for treatment,while the control group was treated with conventional methods of treatment.The intraoperative,postoperative situation and clinical efficacy of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,drainage,hospital stay and cost of hospitalization of the study group were (121.31 ± 13.73) min,(151.24 ± 24.65) mL,(35.34 ± 6.79) mL,(12.03 ± 3.22) d and (22 012.23 ± 3 018.67)yuan respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group[(161.32 ± 11.60) min,(201.32 ± 25.46) mL,(102.35 ± 11.87) mL,(19.42 ± 4.31) d and (26 278.65 ± 3 216.53) yuan] (t =9.829,10.829,7.984,10.983,9.593,all P ＜0.05).The excellent and good rate of the study group was 92％,which was significantly higher than 70％ of the control group (x2 =13.927,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Short segment of unilateral laminectomy decompression of intervertebral bone graft fusion has a high curative effect in the treatment of lumbar instability,with short operation time and hospitalization time,less blood loss and postoperative drainage volume,low medical cost,which is a good operation scheme.

Objective To explore the differences of memory functions and objective sleep parameters and their correlations in patients with insomnia disorder in different subtypes.Methods Eightynine patients with insomnia disorder,including 11 patients with difficulty initiating sleep(DIS),20 patients with early morning awakening(EMA),20 patients with difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) and 38 patients with mixed sleep symptoms(MS) were enrolled between August 2012 and February 2014 in the Memory and Sleep Disorders Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.Memory functions,including objective memory,spatial memory,working memory and reference memory were detected with nine boxes maze,and objective sleep profiles were assessed using polysomnography.Results The error numbers of spatial(H =15.404,P =0.002) and working (H =10.126,P =0.018) memories were significantly different among the 4 subtypes of patients,with more errors of spatial and working memory in the EMA (6.00 (5.00,8.00),5.00 (4.00,6.00)) and MS (5.00 (3.75,7.25),5.00 (2.75,7.00)) groups compared with the DMS (2.50 (2.00,4.00),2.00 (1.00,4.00)) group (tspstial =3.938,3.428;t =2.803,2.840;all P ＜ 0.05).Sleep efficiency(H =7.929,P =0.048),REM sleep time(F =2.840,P =0.043) and the percentage of REM sleep time on total sleep time (REM％;H =7.913,P =0.048) were also significantly different among the 4 subtypes of patients,with lower sleep efficiency in the MS(69.7％ (50.5％,78.7％)) group compared with the EMA (81.0％ (64.8％,86.4％)) and DMS (80.2％ (62.6％,88.9％)) groups (t =2.242,2.352;all P ＜ 0.05),less REM sleep time (min) and REM％ in the EMA(61.6 ±27.1,16.9％ (13.1％,21.9％)) and MS(56.9 ±31.4,16.9％ (11.5％,21.2％)) groups compared with the DMS (80.9 ± 32.7,22.3％ (18.5％,25.5％)) group (qREM time =3.791,5.397;tREM％ =2.513,2.612;all P ＜0.05).The error numbers of working memory and spatial memory negatively correlated with the REM sleep time (r =-0.387,-0.348;all P ＜ 0.05) and REM％ (r =-0.350,-0.354;all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There are discrepancies in the spatial and working memories and subtle differences in the objective sleep parameters among the patients with different subtypes of insomnia disorder.The worse memories in insomnia disorder patients might be associated with the decreased REM sleep.