Objective To investigate the association between the plasma level of fibrinogen and carotid atherosclerosis(CAS)in patients with ischemic cerebrevascddar disease(ICVD),and the effects intensity of different risk factors on CAS.Methods Carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)was measured by color Doppler uhrasonography in 840 patients with ICVD,including cerebral infarction(ci),transient ischemic attack and insufficient blood-supply of vertebral-basilar artery.According to the results of uhrasonography,the patients were divided into four groups:normal(IMT≤0.9 mm),arterial sclerosis (0.9 mm1.5 mm)and stenosis(stenosis of lumina≥30%).The plasma fibrinogen and other biochemical markers were also detected.The history of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipemia,smoking,drinking were recorded,and the blood pressure was measured.Results The level of fibrinogen was the highest((3.91±1.05)g/L)in the patients with CI,the difference was significant compared to the patients with TIA((3.45±0.81)S/L,X2=62.812,P<0.01),and so was the prevalence of CAS(77.0%),there was significant difference compared to the patients with TIA(61.8%,X2=9.000,P<0.01).The rate of CAS increased gradually with the quartiles of the fibrinogen(the odds ratios in the 2nd,3rd and 4th quartiles(3.16-3.72 g/L,3.72-4.39 g/L and>4.39 g/L)were 1.80,3.36 and 3.38 respectively,all P≤0.01).There were significant differences of age,fibrinogen,systolic blood pressure,hyperglycaemia and history of diabetes and hypertension between the normal-carotid group and three CAS groups.Multiple logistic regression showed that only the age,fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure significandy influenced on the CAS with the highest risk factor being the fibrinogen.Conclusions In the patients with ICVD,the elevated plasma fibrinogen Was significantly correlated with CAS,and misht play more important role than other traditional risk factors.

Objective To explore whether an individual' s intention to gamble varied across different types of gambling. Methods A total of 373 Macau students completed a questionnaire survey on intention to gamble dealing with thirteen types of gambling,and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Results The analyses showed two factors that had eigenvalues greater than one and explained a total of 59. 455 percent of the variance,with the largest factor explaining 32.59 percent. Participants' intentions to gamble were relatively lower in gambles of low counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 1.62 ± 1.13 ) to ( 2.20 ± 1.35 ), while the intentions were higher in gambles of high counterparty with mean scores varying from ( 2.34 ± 1. 39 ) to ( 3.02 ± 1.55 ). Conclusion Respondents' degree of intention to gamble was highly domain-specific, varying with the type of gambling.An individual' s intention to gamble is not consistent across all content domains, which implied that a potential gambler is not necessarily intended to gamble in all types of gambling.

Bioleaching of Cu and Fe in low-grade chalcopyrite using Penicillium janthinellum strian GXCR was studied. As a result, shaking bioleaching was more efficient than submerged bioleaching; Cu bioleaching was much better than Fe bioleaching; under conditions of optimum carbon source (10% sucrose, W/V), optimum nitrogen source (1.5% NaNO3, W/V), shaking bioleaching and the optimum combination of conditions (initial pH 6.0 in leaching media, 5% (W/V) 200-mesh ore and initial inocula of 3.0x10(5) conidia/mL), Cu bioleaching efficiency reached 87.31% (W/W). One of the most important factors affecting Cu bioleaching in shaking bioleaching was the initial pH in leaching media (F > F0.05). The major organic acids for Cu and Fe bioleaching were citric and oxalic acids, respectively. Low bioleaching efficiency by submerged bioleaching was due to low production of citric and oxalic acids. The mechanisms employed by the GXCR in Cu bioleaching included biochemical functions of citric and oxalic acids as well as ore crack caused by mechanical power generated from mycelial growth.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Citric Acid ; chemistry ; Copper ; metabolism ; Industrial Waste ; prevention & control ; Iron ; metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; chemistry ; Penicillium ; metabolism ; Refuse Disposal ; methods