Objective To combine the active poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanosperes with adriamycin in side (ADM-NP) on the surface of ultrasound micrbubbles in covalent bonding and to prepare a novel drug-loading ultrasound micrbubble,and observe the physicochemical property.To quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading amounts and drug-release properties in vitro and the effect of tumor imaging.Methods ADM-NP were prepared with double emulsification method,The surface carboxyl of ADM-NP was activated with carbodiimide method.Amino ultrasound microbubbles (MB-NH2) were prepared with mechanical shaking.The carboxyl of ADM-NP and the MB-NH2 could take place condensation reaction under a certain condition.Light microscope was used to observe the shape and distribution of the novel micrbubble.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify drug encapsulation efficiency and drug loading amounts.This novel microbubbles were put in 2 dialysis bag to observe the releasing properties of ADM in vitro,and one of the bag was using low frequency ultrasound irradiation for 120 s.The effect of tumor imaging using this novel microbubble was observed.Results After 48 hours,a number of ADM-NP attacted to the MB-NH2 like a gar land.Determination of entrapment efficiency and drug loading of it by HPLC weare (86.11 ± 6.76)％ and (8.71 ± 0.46)％.The sustained release in vitro can last for more than 48 hours.More than 90％ of ADM encapsulated in the 2 groups was sustained released for 48 hours.And the release characteristics of the 2 groups in vitro was in accord with Higuchi equation,and no difference was observed in the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).The tumor showed typical enhancement pattems of quick wash-in and quick wash-out.Conclusions To combine the nanospheres to the surface of microbubbles with covalent bonding,it could prepare a novel efficient drug-loading microbubbles for a original technique of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD).

Objective To establish the clinical pharmacokinetics research method for Bawei Jiangu Tablet.Methods Drug blood concentration was estimated through analyzing the ingredients and preclinical pharmaceutical research results of Bawei Jiangu Tablet.Results Corresponding cardiac glycoside value in serum of animals treated with oral use of Bawei Jiangu Tablets and cortex periplocae extracts can be detected by drug monitor system of digoxin immunoreaction, which was similar to that in animals treated with digoxin.Corresponding cardiac glycoside value had also been detetected in serum of subjects in phaseⅠclinical tolerance trial,which was related to the time and dosage of administration.Clini- cal negative control trial showed that the reaction was specific.Conclusion Pharmacokinetics study on target of toxic components with cross-reaction of periplocoside is feasible through drug monitor system of digoxin immunoreaction.

In order to extract the anatomical feature of several tissues from CT image and solve the contradiction between the improvement of searching speed and the instability of results,we propose a method for image segmentation using auto adaptive minimal fuzzy entropy measure. Firstly, to find the optimal threshoding for segmenting image, the values of the exponent parameters of membership function of fuzzy subsets and the range of the searching thresholding values can be determined by using the iterative approach and the image histogram, and then the thresholding of minimizing the fuzzy entropy is implemented by searching all possible combinations of every thresholding in determinate searching range. The experiment results show that our proposed method facilitates good performance for CT image segmentation. The searching speed is quick, the segmented images show more details, and the results of many runs are steadier than those obtained by using genetic algorithm or simulated annealing algorithm.
Algorithms ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Entropy ; Fuzzy Logic ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To assess the psychological status of recurrent spontaneous abortion( RSA) patients and analyze the correlation among family functioning,coping style and mental health. Methods A total of 115 RSA patients and 115 ordinary women were selected respectively as the study group and the control group. They were evaluated by three questionnaires:Family Assessment Device(FDA),Symptom Check List (SCL-90)and Medical Coping Mode Questionnaire( MCMQ). The correlations of the three statuses were analyzed by SPSS 13. 0. Results In the study group,the scores of somatization,compulsion,interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety hostility,horror,bigoted,psychosis and the total score were(1. 41 ± 0. 44), (1. 48 ± 0. 49),(1. 24 ± 0. 35),(1. 36 ± 0. 43),(1. 34 ± 0. 45),(1. 40 ± 0. 46),(1. 23 ± 0. 37), (1. 17 ± 0. 28),(1. 20 ± 0. 27)and(119. 55 ± 31. 37),which were significantly higher than those of the control group(t = 5. 14,4. 37,2. 95,2. 99,3. 43,4. 37,3. 27,2. 61,3. 17,4. 24,respectively;P < 0. 05). The scores of solving problem,communication,roles,behavior control and general functioning in FDA were significantly lower than those of the control group(t = 3. 58,2. 81,2. 45,2. 16,2. 81,respectively;P <0. 05). The RSA patients were more inclined to adopt a negative yield coping style(t = 3. 08,P < 0. 01). There was a significantly positive correlation between scores of SCL-90 and FDA in RSA patients(r = 0. 12,0. 12, 0. 12,0. 11,0. 14,0. 13,0. 12,respectively;P < 0. 05),but no correlation was found between facing and avoid (P > 0. 05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the marital relationship and the frequency of spontaneous abortion were the major factors affecting the mental health of RSA patients. Conclusions RSA patients experience poor mental health. Effective interventions should be taken to improve mental health level in RSA patients and to facilitate them to take active coping strategies.

Objective Air pollution is a leading public health issue.This study investigated the effect of air quality and pollutants on pulmonary function and inflammation in patients with asthma in Shanghai. Methods The study monitored 27 asthma outpatients for a year,collecting data on weather,patient self-management[daily asthma diary,peak expiratory flow(PEF)monitoring,medication usage],spirometry and serum markers.To explore the potential mechanisms of any effects,asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin(OVA)were exposed to PM2.5. Results Statistical and correlational analyses revealed that air pollutants have both acute and chronic effects on asthma.Acute exposure showed a correlation between PEF and levels of ozone(O3)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2).Chronic exposure indicated that interleukin-5(IL-5)and interleukin-13(IL-13)levels correlated with PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations.In asthmatic mouse models,exposure to PM2.5 increased cytokine levels and worsened lung function.Additionally,PM2.5 exposure inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation pathways. Conclusion Ambient air pollutants exacerbate asthma by worsening lung function and enhancing Th2-mediated inflammation.Specifically,PM2.5 significantly contributes to these adverse effects.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which PM2.5 impacts asthma.

Objective:To explore the significance of proactive healthy living index(PHLI)to provide a reference for the elderly to maintain function through healthy daily life.Methods:The functional status of the elderly was defined based on gait speed and cognitive function.Logistic regression model was used to select the daily life indicators which could be the risk factors for the functional status, and a nomogram was graphed for its visualization.PHLI was formed according to the result of the nomogram.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was plotted according to the functional status of the elderly, and the cut-off value of PHLI was determined based on the principle of the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity.Results:A total of 4 971 participants with an average age of (70.9±7.5)years were included in the cross-sectional study, of whom 2 649 cases(53.3%)maintained normal function.The Logistic regression analysis showed that the housework had the most significant effect on the functional status of the elderly, followed by positive psychology( OR=2.04, 1.92; both P<0.001), increasing the likelihood of maintaining normal function by 104% and 92%, respectively.Regular life patterns, adequate protein intake, sleep quality and so on also influenced functional status of the elderly(all P<0.05). The PHLI median score of the elderly was 7.3(5.9, 8.3)points.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.70(95% CI: 0.68-0.71), and the cut off value of PHLI was 6.8 points. Conclusions:The PHLI is associated with the maintenance of functional capacity in the elderly, which can be applied as a simple tool to provide reference for old people to keep functional health through living a proactive healthy daily life.

Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) functions as a key regulator in inflammation and cell death and is involved in mediating a variety of inflammatory or degenerative diseases. A number of allosteric RIPK1 inhibitors (RIPK1i) have been developed, and some of them have already advanced into clinical evaluation. Recently, selective RIPK1i that interact with both the allosteric pocket and the ATP-binding site of RIPK1 have started to emerge. Here, we report the rational development of a new series of type-II RIPK1i based on the rediscovery of a reported but mechanistically atypical RIPK3i. We also describe the structure-guided lead optimization of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable RIPK1i, 62, which exhibits extraordinary efficacies in mouse models of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases. Collectively, 62 provides a useful tool for evaluating RIPK1 in animal disease models and a promising lead for further drug development.