Objective To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Mallotus apelta. Methods Constituents isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel and polyamide column. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Five compounds were isolated and elucidated as taraxerol (Ⅰ), ?-sitosterol (Ⅱ), 5, 7-dihydroxy-6-prenyl-4′-methoxy-flavanone (Ⅲ), apigenin (Ⅳ), and apigenin-7-O[WTBZ]-?-D-glucoside (Ⅴ). Conclusion Compound Ⅲ is a new compound named as mallotusin. Compounds Ⅰ and Ⅲ-Ⅴ are isolated from the leaves of M. apelta for the first time.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for rosmarinic acid in Herba Rabdosiae Serrae. METHODS:HPLC method was performed on the column of Inertsil ODS-SP C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 327 nm,column temperature was 25 ℃,and injection volume 10 μl. RE-SULTS:The linear range of rosmarinic acid was 5.039-100.776 μg/ml(r=0.999 6),RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recovery was 99.53-104.38%(RSD=2.06%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good reproducibility and high accuracy,and can be used for the content determination of rosmarinic acid in Herba Rabdosiae Serrae.

A mathematical model of determining the injury of human knee joint was established by using structural dynamics method. The results showvered the corresponding shearing displacement and bending angle of the knee joint on the occasion of ligament avulsion, and the shearing force and bending moment which caused tibial condylar fractures under purest shearing and bending condition. The calculated results consisted with the experimental results greatly, suggesting that using mathematical method to determine the injury is feasible and this kind of method can do good to lots of subjects, such as pedestrian protection, athletic medicine and rehabilitation engineering.
Humans ; Knee Injuries ; Leg Injuries ; Models, Theoretical ; Multiple Trauma ; Tibial Fractures

Objective To conduct an epidemiological investigation on a case of familial arsenic poisoning in Yunnan Province,to find arsenic poisoning source and create a archive of typical cases,in order to raise awareness of endemic arsenicosis and provide scientific materials for prevention and treatment of the disease.Methods In Xiaxiaoying Village of Yunnan Province,all members of a family with arsenic poisoning patients were investigated in 2013,their health examination and epidemiological survey of arsenic poisoning were carried out,and arsenic poisoning family profiles and personal files were established.Drinking water,hair and urine samples were collected for arsenic content determination,blood samples were collected for biochemical detection,excessively keratose skin was collected for pathological biopsy.Results A total of 33 family members were investigated.Among them 15 were exposed to arsenic and 18 were not exposed to arsenic.Fifteen people exposed to arsenic were found to be have skin lesions,and two eldest males died of skin cancer and cerebral hemorrhage in 1994 and 2009,respectively.The survey found out that 15 patients born in 1935-1983 had been drinking arsenic pesticides polluted well water for 5 to 16 years from 1973 to 1989.As of 2013,the arsenic exposure had been stopped for 24 years,the content of arsenic in the polluted wells was 0.624 mg/L,which was 62.4 times the recommended maximum limit (0.01 mg/L) of the World Health Organization.The median of hair and urinary arsenic in arsenic exposed population and non-arsenic exposed population was 4.2,3.7 mg/kg and 60.9,41.0 μg/L,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in hair arsenic (Z =-1.905,P ＞ 0.05),but the difference of urinary arsenic was statistically significant (Z =-3.002,P ＜ 0.05).The median of aspartate aminotransferase (AST),gammaglutamyltransferase (γ-GT) and 24 hours urinary ereatinine (Cr) in arsenic exposed population and non-arsenic exposed population was 37.5,31.0 U/L,25.5,12.0 U/L,13 834.0,and 6 843.0 μmol/L,respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (Z =-2.776,-2.311,-2.502,P ＜ 0.05).Twelve cases of arsenic poisoned patients who were conducted health examination and epidemiological investigation showed typical triad of skin,among them 2 cases were moderate and 10 cases were severe.Pathological biopsy results showed 8 cases had basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions Drinking arsenical pesticide contaminated water can induce chronic arsenic poisoning,even after the cessation of arsenic exposure.We should pay close attention to its long-term serious harmful effect.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the method for simultaneous determination of pim-O-glucosylcimifugin, liquiritin, 5-0-methylvisammioside and amonium glycyrrhizinate in Xinyi byan pills.METHODS: HPLC-switching wavelength method was used for content determination of 52 batches of Xinyi byan pills sample from enterprises A, B, C. The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1 ％ phosphoric acid at the flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were set at 220 nm (pim-O-glucosylcimifugin, liquiritin, 5-O-methylvisammioside) and 250 nm (amonium glycyrrhizinate). The column temperature was 30℃, and sample size was 10 μ L. RESULTS: The linear ranges of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, liquiritin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and amonium glycyrrhizinate were 6. 138-122. 77 μg/mL (r=0. 999 9), 2. 502-50. 03 μg/mL (r=0. 999 9), 5. 988-119. 75 μg/mL (r=0. 999 9) and 12. 788-255. 76 μg/mL (r=0. 999 9), respectively. RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2. 0％ (n=6). The recovery rate were 100. 32％ (RSD=0. 58％, n=6), 100. 24％ (RSD=0. 56％, n=6), 101. 28％ (RSD=0. 91％, n=6) and 101. 48％ (RSD=0. 79％, n=6), respectively. Total contents of 4 components in enterprise A were generally higher than enterprises B, C, among which the difference of liquiritin was significant; the content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin in enterprise B was higher than enterprises A, C, while the content of 5-O-methylvisammioside was lower than enterprises A, C. The content of liquiritin in enterprise B was outlier. CONCLUSIONS: This method is simple, reproducible and can provide reference for quality control of Xinyi biyan pills.