Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Humans ; Periodontal Attachment Loss

The major goals of periodontal therapy are the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. Bone graft & guided tissue are being used for the regeneration of destroyed periodontium these days. Non-resorbable membranes were used for Guided tissue regeneration in early days, however more researches are focused on resorbable membranes these days. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of paradioxanone membrane on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm diameter surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into three groups: Untreated control group, Biomesh(R) group and paradioxanone group. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. In histological view on Biomesh(R), no visible signs of resorption was observed at 4 weeks but progressive resorption was observed at 8 weeks through 12 weeks. Paradioxanone membrane expanded at 4 weeks, and rapid resorption was observed at 8 weeks. In both the membranes, inflammatory cells were observed around them. Inflammatory cells decreased with time but were still present at 12 weeks. More inflammatory cells were observed in paradioxanone membranes than in Biomesh(R) membrane. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects were 0.001+/-0.001, 0.006+/-0.005, 0.002+/-0.003 at the 4 weeks, 0.021+/-0.020, 0.133+/-0.073, 0.118+/-0.070 at the 8 weeks and 0.163+/-0.067, 0.500+/-0.197, 0.487+/-0.214 at the 12 weeks in the control group, Biomesh(R) group and experimental group respectively. Compared to the control group, Biomesh(R) group displayed significant differences at 4,8, and 12 weeks and the paradioxanone group at 8 and 12 weeks.(P<0.05) 3. The area of residual membranes were 1.143+/-0.499, 2.599+/-1.012, at the 4 weeks, 0.666+/-0.140, 0.314+/-0.131 at the 8 weeks and 0.365+/-0.110, 0.076+/-0.050 at the 12 weeks in the Biomesh(R) group and experimental group respectively. Between the two groups, significant differences were displayed at 4 weeks.(P<0.05) According to the results, when paradioxanone membrane was used in calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rat, initially the membrane expaned and regeneration of newly formed bone was small however after 8weeks new bone was formed with simultaneous resorption for the membrane. If a few problems could be solved, previously used membranes could be replaced in periodontal guided tissue regeneration.
Animals ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Membranes ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontium ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Regeneration ; Sutures ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

In periodontal regeneration treatment, access to the frucation area is very difficult. Thus complete removal of plaque, calculus and endotoxin is somewhat impossible. In this study, teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease were used. The furcation area was treated with periodontal curette, ultrasonic scaler, roto bur and they observed using SEM. The result was follows 1. The group treatment with curette showed remaining plaque, the cementum existed in most of the surface and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with ultrasonic scaler showed less removalof plaque compared to curette and irregular surface could be seen. 3. The group treatment with roto bur showed cleaner surface and many dentinal tubule orifice could be seen compared to the curette and ultrasonic scaler groups. Thus when suing treatments such as bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration, it is considered that the furcation area should be treatment with Roto bur.
Bone Transplantation ; Calculi ; Dental Cementum ; Dentin ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Tooth ; Ultrasonics

The present study evaluated the effects of guided tissue regeneration using biodegradable membrane, with and without calcium-phosphate thin film coated deproteinated bone powder in beagle dogs. Contralateral fenestration defects(6 x 4 mm) were created 4 mm apical to the buccal alveolar crest on maxillary canine teeth in 5 beagle dogs. Ca-P thin film coated deproteinated bone powder was implanted into one randomly selected fenestration defect(experimental group). Biodegradable membranes were used to provide bilateral GTR. Tissue blocks including defects with overlying membranes and soft tissues were harvested following a four- & eight-week healing interval and prepared for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The regeneration of new bone, new periodontal ligament, and new cementum was occurred in experimental group more than control group. 2. The collapse of biodegradable membranes into defects were showed in control group and the space for regeneration was diminished. In experimental group, the space was maintained without collapse by graft materials. 3. In experimental group, the graft materials were resorbed at 4 weeks after surgery and regeneration of bone surrounding graft materials was occurred at 8 weeks after surgery. 4. Biodegradable membranes were not resorbed at 4 weeks and partial resorption was occurred at 8 weeks but the framework and the shape of membranes were maintained. No inflammation was showed at resorption. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Ca-P thin film coated deproteinated bone powder has adjunctive effect to GTR in periodontal fenestration defects. Because it has osteoconductive property and prohibit collapse of membrane into defect, can promote regeneration of much new attachment apparatus.
Animals ; Cuspid ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Guided Tissue Regeneration* ; Inflammation ; Membranes* ; Periodontal Ligament ; Regeneration ; Transplants

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent and predictability of periodontal regeneration with barrier membranes in deep infrabony defects. 25 patients(40% smokers) were included in this study. Fourty-one deep infrabony defects treated with membranes(PPD>6mm) were evaluated 1 year postoperatively following a plaque control regimen. Probing pocket depth(PPD), gingival recession(REC), and probing attachment level(PAL) were evaluated at baseline and postoperative 1 year. Plaque score at baseline was 16.2 and plaque score at 1 year was 9.9 A PAL gain of 4.1+/-2.5mm along with a PPD reduction of 5.0+/-2.3mm were observed. A PAL gain of 4.1+/-2.5mm was observed at the smoking group and a PAL gain of 4.0+/-2.5mm was observed at the non-smoking sroup. It was concluded that periodontal regeneration with membrane represented the predictable and effective treatment modality in the deep infrabony defects.
Guided Tissue Regeneration* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Regeneration ; Retrospective Studies* ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: The final goal of regenerative periodontal therapy is to restore the structure and function of the periodontium destroyed or lost due to periodontitis. However, the role of periosteum in periodontal regeneration was relatively neglected while bone repair in the skeleton occurs as a result of a significant contribution from the periosteum. The aim of this study is to understand the histological characteristics of periosteum and compare the native periosteum with the repaired periosteum after elevating flap or after surgical intervention with flap elevation. METHODS: Buccal and lingual mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected to surgically create critical-size, "box-type" (4 mm width, 5 mm depth), one-wall, intrabony defects at the distal aspect of the 2nd and the mesial aspect of the 4th mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants. Animals were sacrificed after 24 weeks. RESULTS: The results from this study are as follows: 1) thickness of periosteum showed difference as follows (P<0.05): control group (0.45+/-0.22 mm)>flap-elevation group (0.36+/-0.07 mm)>defect formation group (0.26+/-0.03 mm), 2) thickness of gingival tissue showed difference as follows (P<0.05): defect formation group (3.15+/-0.40 mm)>flap-elevation group (2.02+/-0.25 mm)>control group (1.88+/-0.27 mm), 3) higher cellular activity was observed in defect formation group and flap-elevation groups than control group, 4) the number of blood vessles was higher in defect formation group than control group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, prolonged operation with increased surgical trauma seems to decrease the thickness of repaired periosteum and increase the thickness of gingiva. More blood vessles and high cellular activity were observed in defect formation group.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Gingiva ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Jaw ; Models, Animal ; Periodontitis ; Periodontium ; Periosteum ; Regeneration ; Skeleton

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a non-absorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p< or =0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.
Furcation Defects ; Granulation Tissue ; Guided Tissue Regeneration* ; Humans* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Index ; Radiography ; Root Planing ; Tooth Mobility

No abstract available.
Chlorhexidine* ; Guided Tissue Regeneration*

PURPOSE: Peri-implantitis, a clinical term describing the inflammatory process that affects the soft and hard tissues around an osseointegrated implant, may lead to peri-implant pocket formation and loss of supporting bone. However, this imprecise definition has resulted in a wide variation of the reported prevalence; > or =10% of implants and 20% of patients over a 5- to 10-year period after implantation has been reported. The individual reporting of bone loss, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth and inconsistent recording of results has led to this variation in the prevalence. Thus, a specific definition of peri-implantitis is needed. This paper describes the vast variation existing in the definition of peri-implantitis and suggests a logical way to record the degree and prevalence of the condition. The evaluation of bone loss must be made within the concept of natural physiological bony remodelling according to the initial peri-implant hard and soft tissue damage and actual definitive load of the implant. Therefore, the reason for bone loss must be determined as either a result of the individual osseous remodelling process or a response to infection. METHODS: The most current Papers and Consensus of Opinion describing peri-implantitis are presented to illustrate the dilemma that periodontologists and implant surgeons are faced with when diagnosing the degree of the disease process and the necessary treatment regime that will be required. RESULTS: The treatment of peri-implantitis should be determined by its severity. A case of advanced peri-implantitis is at risk of extreme implant exposure that results in a loss of soft tissue morphology and keratinized gingival tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Loss of bone at the implant surface may lead to loss of bone at any adjacent natural teeth or implants. Thus, if early detection of peri-implantitis has not occurred and the disease process progresses to advanced peri-implantitis, the compromised hard and soft tissues will require extensive, skill-sensitive regenerative procedures, including implantotomy, established periodontal regenerative techniques and alternative osteotomy sites.
Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Logic ; Osteotomy ; Peri-Implantitis* ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prevalence ; Tooth

PURPOSE: In advanced case of periodontitis, surgical treatment without bone contouring may result in residual pockets inaccessible to proper cleaning during post-treatment maintenance. This problem can be avoided or reduced by applying guided tissue regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All of 3 patients had deep periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing, and radiograph revealed osseous defect, so we planned guided tissue regeneration using resorbable membrane with or without xenograft. RESULT: 6 months later, periodontal pocket depth and bleeding on probing was improved and gingiva was stable. CONCLUSION: Guided tissue regeneration using resorbable membrane with or without xenograft in osseous defect is predictable.
Gingiva ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Membranes ; Periodontal Pocket ; Periodontitis ; Transplantation, Heterologous