Objective To establish an animal model of sciatic nerve firearms injury in rabbits Methods All of 26 rabbits were divided into A, B, C, D and E groups at random The hit point was the middle point of the body surface projection of sciatic nerve in the right thigh The rabbits were injured with the type 53 musket by balls of 0 38 g and 1 03 g and with the dynamite amounts of 0 35 g, 0 65 g, and 1 20 g The injury velocity of ball was detected, and the transmission energy of steel ball was calculated The pathological changes of sciatic nerve were observed with light and electron microscopy Results In group A, B and D, typical pathological changes occurred In group B, resulting from a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g, the primary velocity was (939 8?16 0) m/s, the mean transmission energy was (80 0?8 5) J Conclusion Animals inflicted with a type 53 musket with a ball of 0 38 g and dynamite of 0 65 g show typical sciatic nerve injury in a steady situation and can serve for experiment usage

Objective To compare the infectivity between laboratory adapted human inununodefi- ciency virus(HIV-1) and primary HIV-1 isolates for different mucosal epithelial cell lines. Methods Mu-cosal epithelial cells Caco-2, T-84, HeLa and lymphocyte MT-4 were infected with laboratory adapted HIV-1 SF33 and 2 primary HIV-1 isolates (02010561, 02010141). Culture supernatant and cells were collected respectively on 3-4 days interval after virus inoculation. The former was tested for HIV-1 antigen P24 level and viral load, and the latter was tested for total viral DNA and integrated viral DNA. Results All 3 virus strains could infect MT-4 cells and integrate into their genome. Only HIV-1 SF33 could infect Caco-2 cells but could not integrate into their genomic DNA. Both HIV-1 SF33 and 02010561 infected HeLa cells but only integration of HIV-1 SF33 was detected. All the 3 HIV-1 strains infected T-84 cells but only the integra-tion of HIV-1 SF33 and 02010141 was observed. Conclusion Although laboratory adapted and primary HIV-1 strains are able to infect human mucosal epithelial cell lines, transient or productive infection estab-lished in different mucosal epithelial cells is dependent on the character of cells and virus strains.

Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of expressway traffic injury by analyzing the epidemiological features of expressway traffic injury in China.Methods The secular trend and epidemiologic features of expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 in China were analyzed.The indicators including mortality of mileage,accident rate of mileage,and accident mortality were used to evaluate the severity of expressway traffic injury in China.Cluster analysis was used to compare the differences of accident rate of mileage and accident mortality from 29 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.Results Except for the yearly increase of the accident mortality and the fluctuant decrease of the mortality and accident rate of mileage,other indicators reflecting the domestic expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 were increased and then decreased,when the decreased indicators were still higher than those in 1994.In addition to the number of accidents of the four basic traffic injury indicators,the proportions of other three indicators(number of wounded and death,direct property damage)in the road traffic injury were increased year by year and the increase was the most obvious in regard of the direct property damage which had accounted for more than 30％ since 2006.The data from 2007 to 2009 showed that the peak time of traffic accidents was at around 4:00 am and around 4:00 pm.The traffic accidents caused by the drivers accounted for 93.02％ and the drivers with less than five years of driving accounted for 40.92％.Pedestrians and passengers were vulnerable to the expressway traffic injury and the accident mortality was the highest(72.75 per 100 accidents).Rear collision(44.17％)and bumping the fixed objects(16.35％)were the major accident types.There was a high accident proportion on the dry road(77.60％)and sunshine day(65.39％).Conclusions With worsening situation of the expressway traffic injury in China,we should,based on the epidemiological features of traffic injury on expressway,take appropriate measures such as strengthening traffic management of expressway and education of road users and improving the emergency medical service level.

Objective To identify the variation in the Env region of SHIV-XJ02170 during passaging in Chinese origin Rhesus Macaques.Methods Fragments of the SHIV-XJ02170 gp160 and gp120 gene were amplified by PCR and RT-PCR separately from the blood samples of SHIV-XJ02170 infected animals at the peak viral load time point.Purified RT-PCR product was ligated into T easy vector and transformed into JM109 competent cells,18 clones were selected by PCR method and sequenced by ABI 3730DNA sequencers.The gene distances(divergence,diversity)were calculated using DISTANCE.Results In all,the SHTV-XJ02170 gp120 gene evolved forward along the virus passaging.It could be found that viral divergence from the founder strain serially enhanced during in vivo passaging,but in the early phase of each passage,SHIV-XJ02170 gp120 gene evolved toward ancestral state upon transmission to a new host.All of the SHIV-XJ02170 strains had V3 loop central motif(GPGQ)and were predicted to be using CCR5 on the basis of the critical amino acids within V3 loop.Conclusion There was significant increase in the genetic distance during serial passaging,and SHIV-XJ02170 gp120 gene evolved forward along passaging.This could partly explain why the virus infectivity was enhanced during in vivo passaging.

Objective To analyze the virologic and immunologic properties during SHIV-XJ02170passage in vivo and construct the clade C SHIV/Chinese origin Rhesus macaques AIDS model . Methods SHIV-XJ02170 cell-free virus tranfected in 293T was adapted by serial passage in nine Chinese-origin Rhesus macaques. CD4/CD8 ratio was detected by flow cytometry to analyze the changes in viral pathogenicity. Real-time RT-PCR and IFN-γsecreting ELISPOT methods were used to analyze changes in characteristics of virology and immunology. Results During in vivo passage, CD4/CD8 ratio did not deeply decline. However,the peak and setpoint viral load in the line 3 show a continuous upward trend. The strong humoral and cellular immune responses were induced after SHIV-XJ02170 infection. Meanwhile, there was significant positive correlation between the viral load and binding antibody titer. Conclusion There were no pathogenic viral strains, and upward trend in virulence of SHIV-XJ02170 was found during in vivo passaging. SHIVXJ02170/Chinese origin Rhesus macaques model will play an important role in effect evaluation of candidate AIDS vaccines in China.

Objective To investigate how to improve test quality by monitoring and analyzing 15 clinical laboratory quality indicators from the National Health and Family Planning Commission .Methods Data were collected from clinical laboratory department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2011 and August 2015.15 quality indicators were analyzed retrospectively , including the error rate of specimen type , the coefficient variation unqualified rate of internal quality control test, the reporting rate of critical value , et al.Results The monitoring results of quality indicators basically satisfied the quality goals , except that the median of turn around time in pre-analytical phase was not established, routine internal quality control was not conducted in some laboratory tests in analytical phase and the reporting rate and reporting timely rate of critical value should be further improved in post -analytical phase .Conclusion Medical laboratory quality system can be continuously improved by means of setting up the quality goals of 15 quality indicators referring to sub-specialty and laboratory tests , as well as automated monitoring, statistics and analysis in LIS.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury ( MI/RI) is a pathophysiological phenomenon commonly seen during thromboly-sis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) , and coronary artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) . It is defined as restoration of blood flow to a previously ischemic region followed by complex pathological events leading to tissue injury greater than the original ischemic insult. Many experimental interven-tions have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The root of Panax notoginseng ( Burk. ) F. H. Chen ( PN) is one of the iconic herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional pharmacopeia recommended it among the most efficacious herbs for‘promoting blood circulation ’ and hemostasis. Inspired by this, in the last decade, a large number of modern investigators made substantial efforts to search the PN activities against a vari-ety of MIRI. The systematic review was performed according to the protecting drug of the MIRI development guidelines.

In order to find the cardiotonic constituents of lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., the investigation was carried out. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium-pressure MCI and reverse phase ODS column chromatography were used to separate the 90% EtOH extract of the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. The structures of the isolated compounds have been identified by chemical properties and spectroscopic analyses. Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as benzoic acid-5-hydroxy-2-benzoyl-amino methyl ester (1), honokiol (2), pinoresinol (3), salicylic acid (4), p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (5), songorine (6), karakoline (7), mesaconitine (8), hypaconitine (9) and 14-benzoylhypaconitine (10), separetely. Compound 1 is a new compound and its structure has been established by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR and X-Ray. Compound 2-5 are isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. for the first time.

The damage of tissue increases dramatically after reperfusion of blood supply to ischemic tissues.Immune response is one of the key reasons of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Th1 /Th2 generally stays balanced in normal states.Under the envi-ronment of ischemia reperfusion,Th1 /Th2 shifting let Th1 domi-nant to mediate cellular immunity.Excessive immune reaction may cause cell apoptosis and tissue damage.Recent studies showed that induction of transferring Th1 dominant to Th2 domi-nant was feasible for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion inju-ry.With the progress of modern drug development paradigm“multi-composition,multi-target”,Chinese medicine has advan-tages in treating complex diseases.This paper summarizes the research of the relationship between Th1 /Th2 imbalance and is-chemia-reperfusion injury,together with the prospects of tradi-tional Chinese medicine with multi-target effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To compare the levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from HIV-1 infected and HIV-1 negative individuals and in human tumor cells in the presence or absence of TLR ligand stimulation.Methods TaqMan probe real-time RT-PCR method for human IDO mRNA was established; IDO mRNA levels in the PBMCs from HIV-1+ and HIV-1-individuals were tested; IDO mnRNA levels in mucosal origin(T84,Caco-2,Hela) and leukocyte origin(THP-1,MT-4) tumor cells before and after exposure to agonists for TLR4,TLR7/8 and TLR9 were examined.Results It was found that a high level of IDO mRNA could be found in HIV-1+ individuals( 103.42 copy IDO mRNA/106 copy GAPDH mRNA) ; however,some high risk HIV-1-individuals may have also a high level of IDO mRNA.Some of the tumor cells could express higher level of IDO mRNA after exposure to TLR agonist.Conclusion This study indicated a role for IDO in the viral persistence and tumor formation in HIV/AIDS and further studies were warranted.