Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Malathion ; metabolism ; urine

To explore the epidemiological character of Methicillin-resistant Stapkylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the phenotyping and genotyping motheds and to investgate the source, transmission, and the spread of nosocomial MRSA infection, consequently, reducing the nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, 19 MRSA strains were isolated from patients and environment in a hospital in two months. Patterns of resistantce against 16 antimicrobial agents and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) of these strains were analyzed to find the relationship among those isolates Clustering analysis was made from the patterns. Some isolates with high homology was found in 19 MRSA, 11 of them belong to type A, and 8 of them belong to the same subtype A1. They were endemic in burn ward, oncological ward and ICU. In addition, 4 isolates were clustered into group B, all found in the same ward of burn unit Thus, our results indicated a outbreak of MRSA ( A type) in this hospital and the potential prevalence of MRSA (B type) , which might be mediated by health care stuff. It is essential to enhance the infection control implementation and to utilize the PFGE genotyping system for the real-time surveillance of MRSA.

OBJECTIVETo prepare andrographolide composite particles, and evaluate their particle structure and dissolution.

METHODThe mechanical crushing method was adopted to prepare andrographolide and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 composite particles. The structures were characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The contact angles were determined by the contact angle analyzer. The in vitro dissolution curve was detected.

RESULTAndrographolide and PEG 6000 gave rise to coated composite particle structures, with the decrease in the crystallinity of andrographolide. The in vitro dissolution rate of composite particles was significantly obvious than that of its raw materials, ultrafine powder and their physical mixtures.

CONCLUSIONAndrographolide composite particles based on the mechanical crushing method could notably enhance the in vitro dissolution of andrographolide.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Torsion, Mechanical

OBJECTIVETo identify the expression characteristics of the 1700001022RIK (RIKEN cDNA 1700001022) gene in mice and explore its function by bioinformatic analysis.

METHODSUsing the expression profile of gene microarray, we detected the expression of a new testis-specific gene, 1700001022RIK, in mice. We analyzed its expression characteristics in the testis tissue and their changes in different developmental stages of the testis by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We performed bioinformatic analysis using a bioinformatic software.

RESULTSThe 1700001022RIK gene was specifically expressed in the mouse testis in an age-dependent manner, most highly in the adult mice. The 1700001022RIK protein was mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of the adult mice. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 1700001022RIK protein amino acid sequence had a high similarity in human and mice, which indicated that this gene was highly conserved in mammals.

CONCLUSION1700001022RIK is a testis-specific gene mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of seminiferous tubules, which might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Genomics ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics ; Spermatogonia ; Testis

Background The in vitro culture of retinal vascular endothelial cells is the foundation of experimental study of retinal vascular disease. Shortage of human donor eyeballs is a main limiting for the laboratory work. The culture method of rat-derived vascular endothelial cells has been established. However, this method is not enough effective because of severer cellullar injury. Objective Present study was to establish a simple and high effective method for the culture of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Methods The retinas from 5 SPF SD rats was digested by 0. 1% collagenase and cultured with explant culture method. 20% fetal bovine serum, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) , insulin-transferrin-selenium( ITS) were composed into the endothelial cell culture medium, and enough blowing was performed to get the cells and fragments from retinal tissue. The cellular suspension was prepared and cultured consequently on human fibronectin-coated culture flasks. Cultured vascular endothelial cells were identified by anti-von Willebrand staining factor. Results The cells emerged from the tissue mass,and cells and some tissue fragments attached to the wall after 24 hours of seeding. The cells grew to show the fusiform in 4 days and merged together in 5 to 6 days,and a cell monolayer was seen in the 14th day after culture. The endothelial cells showed the positive response for von Willebrand factor. After passage, the merging-growth statue of the cells was regained in 2 hours after culture. Conclusion Use of retinal pieces and collagenase-digestion can get the vascular endothelial cells with better activity in vitro. The culture method based on highly selective endothelial cell culture medium associated to FN adhesion-promoting is helpful for gaining the purified of endothelial cells.

BACKGROUNDCentral venous thrombosis is a serious and life-threatening complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients with an indwelling catheter. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thrombosis of the superior vena cava and auxiliary branches in Chinese HD patients with an indwelling internal jugular venous catheter and to explore its risk factors.

METHODSFifty-four patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with an indwelling catheter were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, subclavical vein, brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava was assessed by vascular ultrasound. Collected were data on age, gender, ultrafiltration volume, Kt/V, blood pressure, levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, lipid, calcium, and phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.

RESULTSThe patients were given short- or long-term double lumen central venous catheters. Among them, 42 patients had the catheter placed into the right internal jugular vein, and 12 patients into the left internal jugular vein. Different degrees of central venous thrombosis were found in 33 patients (61.1%). The prevalence of thrombosis in the jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, subclavical vein and superior vena cava was 61.1% (33/54), 44.4% (24/54), 16.7% (9/54) and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. Among the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis, the percentages for one, two, three and four affected veins were 27.3% (9/33), 45.4% (15/33), 18.2% (6/33) and 9.1% (3/33), respectively. Twelve (12/33, 36.4%) of the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis had clinical symptoms. Nine patients (27.3%) had edema of the upper extremity and 3 (9.1%) had new-onset symptoms of pulmonary embolism such as cough, chest distress and short breath. The incidences of diabetes mellitus and malignant tumor and levels of lipoprotein a and homocysteic acid were significantly higher in the HD patients with central venous thrombosis than in those without central venous thrombosis. Logistic regressive analysis revealed that high level of homocysteic acid was the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein is quite high, especially in those patients with diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, high levels of serum lipoprotein and homocysteic acid. Its clinical symptoms are insidious but dangerous. High level of homocysteic acid may be the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

Adult ; Aged ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; pathology ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; Vena Cava, Superior ; pathology ; Venous Thrombosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore rescue effect of prehospital emergency care connected green channel on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:A total of 122 emergency AMI patients treated in our hospital were selected.Ac-cording to hospitalization order,they were divided into routine emergency care group (the first 61 inpatients)and green channel group (the following 61 inpatients,received prehospital emergency care connected green channel besides routine e-mergency care).Rescue effective rate,myocardial perfusion time,time of in-hospital stay and nursing satisfaction were compared between two groups.Results:Total effective rate of green channel group was significantly higher than that of routine emergency care group (78.69% vs.68.85%,P =0.028);compared with routine emergency care group,there were significant reductions in myocardial perfusion time [(100.72±10.40)min vs.(56.02±5.49)min]and time of in-hospital stay [(14.34 ± 3.46)d vs.(11.86 ± 4.24)d](P < 0.01 both),and significant rise in nursing satisfaction (81.82% vs.96.67%,P =0.028)in green channel group.Conclusion:Prehospital emergency care connected green chan-nel can improve rescue effective rate,reduce time of in-hospital stay and improve nursing satisfaction in patients with acute myocardial infarction,which is worth extending in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo study the different features of hyperplasia in castrated and uncastrated mice after testosterone (T) treatment.

METHODSForty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 in each: castrated (A), uncastrated (B) , castrated + low T (C), uncastrated + low T (D), castrated + high T (E), uncastrated + high T (F). Groups C and D were treated with testosterone solution at the dose of 12.5 mg/(kg d) and Groups E and F at 125 mg/(kg d) for 20 consecutive days, while Groups A and B received saline only. All the mice were sacrificed on the 21st day, their ventral and dorsal prostate glands weighed and their pathological features studied.

RESULTSAtrophic prostates were observed in Group A, but normal in Group B; prostatic hyperplasia was found in both Group C and D, but more obvious in the latter (P <0.05); and a slightly higher degree of hyperplasia was noted in Groups E and F than in C and D. There was an increase in serum T and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration and a decrease in serum estrogen (E2) concentration in the testosterone treated groups.

CONCLUSIONBoth castrated and uncastrated mice develop prostate hyperplasia after short-term testosterone treatment, although in different degrees and with different features, which may help further the studies on the association of castration and androgen with prostate diseases.

Animals ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Testosterone ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic changes of T lymphocyte subsets of AIDS patients during more than 24 months of highly active antiretrovirus therapy (HAART) with successful suppression of HIV replication and different CD4 + T cell restoration.

METHODSTotally 45 AIDS patients who had received HAART for more than 24 months were included. During HAART (including DO, M3, M6, M12, M18, and M24), the number of plasma HIV-1 RNA was measured quantitatively using the bDNA assay, and T lymphocyte subsets including CD3 + CD4 + cells, CD3 + CD8 + cells, naive CD4 + cells (CD4 + CD45RA + CD62L +), CD4 + CD28 + cells , and CD8 + CD38 + cells were detected with flow cytometer.

RESULTSAmong 45 patients, 24 patients (53.3%) whose plasma viral load decreased to less than 500 copies/ml at M6 and maintained to M24 were classified into three groups according to the CD4 + T cell count increments on M24 (compared with DO): group A (< 100/mm3), group B (100-200/mm3), and group C (> 200/mm3). After the initiation of HAART, T lymphocyte response, including CD4 + T cell counts, naive CD4 + cell counts, percentages of CD4 + CD28 + cells in these patients were improved gradually, while CD8 + CD38 + percentage decreased. The improvement of T lymphocyte response in group C was most remarkable even with highest plasma viral load and lowest CD4 T cell count on DO. Compared with group A and B, group C had significantly better improvement not only in the quantities of CD4 + T cell, but also in the CD28 + expression and naive CD4 + T cell populations.

CONCLUSIONST lymphocyte response of AIDS patients can be effectively reconstituted by HAART. Different dynamics of CD4 + CD28 + and naive CD4 + populations may considerably contribute to the quantity and cellular function restoration of CD4 + T lymphocyte.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; HIV ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate prospectively the efficacy of ultrasonography (US), helical computed tomography (HCT), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis in pancreatic carcinoma.

METHODSConsecutive 68 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were studied. Results of each imaging techniques regarding vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis were compared with the surgical and pathological findings.

RESULTS(1) US findings were confirmed moderately in accordance with surgical and pathological results in the evaluation of inferior cava vein, splenic artery and vein invasion of pancreatic carcinoma. HCT findings of evaluating superior mesenteric vein, portal vein, splenic vein were confirmed greatly in accordance with surgical and pathological results. The results of evaluating superior mesenteric artery, inferior cava vein, splenic artery, common hepatic artery, proper hepatic artery, celiac trunk, abdominal aorta were confirmed moderately in accordance with surgical and pathological results. MRI findings of evaluating superior mesenteric artery and vein, portal artery and vein were moderately in accordance with surgical and pathological results. EUS findings of evaluating splenic vein were confirmed greatly in accordance with surgical and pathological results, and moderately in accordance with surgical and pathological results in the evaluation of superior mesenteric vein. (2) EUS had the highest sensitivity (75.0%), accuracy (87.5%), and negative predictive values (91.7%) in the evaluation of lymph node metastasis. The sensitivity of HCT and MRI were 37.5% and 35.3%, which were significantly lower than that of EUS. The sensitivity of US was 18.7%, which was the lowest of all. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that EUS had an independent predictive value (OR: 34.50, 95%CI: 6.54 - 182.09).

CONCLUSIONHelical CT should be considered the most precise technique to evaluate vascular invasion. EUS had an independent predictive value with respect to tumor metastasis to regional lymph nodes.

Aged ; Blood Vessels ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Endosonography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; methods