Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Malathion ; metabolism ; urine

To explore the epidemiological character of Methicillin-resistant Stapkylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the phenotyping and genotyping motheds and to investgate the source, transmission, and the spread of nosocomial MRSA infection, consequently, reducing the nosocomial infection of MRSA. In this study, 19 MRSA strains were isolated from patients and environment in a hospital in two months. Patterns of resistantce against 16 antimicrobial agents and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE) of these strains were analyzed to find the relationship among those isolates Clustering analysis was made from the patterns. Some isolates with high homology was found in 19 MRSA, 11 of them belong to type A, and 8 of them belong to the same subtype A1. They were endemic in burn ward, oncological ward and ICU. In addition, 4 isolates were clustered into group B, all found in the same ward of burn unit Thus, our results indicated a outbreak of MRSA ( A type) in this hospital and the potential prevalence of MRSA (B type) , which might be mediated by health care stuff. It is essential to enhance the infection control implementation and to utilize the PFGE genotyping system for the real-time surveillance of MRSA.

OBJECTIVETo identify the expression characteristics of the 1700001022RIK (RIKEN cDNA 1700001022) gene in mice and explore its function by bioinformatic analysis.

METHODSUsing the expression profile of gene microarray, we detected the expression of a new testis-specific gene, 1700001022RIK, in mice. We analyzed its expression characteristics in the testis tissue and their changes in different developmental stages of the testis by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We performed bioinformatic analysis using a bioinformatic software.

RESULTSThe 1700001022RIK gene was specifically expressed in the mouse testis in an age-dependent manner, most highly in the adult mice. The 1700001022RIK protein was mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of the adult mice. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 1700001022RIK protein amino acid sequence had a high similarity in human and mice, which indicated that this gene was highly conserved in mammals.

CONCLUSION1700001022RIK is a testis-specific gene mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of seminiferous tubules, which might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Genomics ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics ; Spermatogonia ; Testis

OBJECTIVETo prepare andrographolide composite particles, and evaluate their particle structure and dissolution.

METHODThe mechanical crushing method was adopted to prepare andrographolide and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 composite particles. The structures were characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The contact angles were determined by the contact angle analyzer. The in vitro dissolution curve was detected.

RESULTAndrographolide and PEG 6000 gave rise to coated composite particle structures, with the decrease in the crystallinity of andrographolide. The in vitro dissolution rate of composite particles was significantly obvious than that of its raw materials, ultrafine powder and their physical mixtures.

CONCLUSIONAndrographolide composite particles based on the mechanical crushing method could notably enhance the in vitro dissolution of andrographolide.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Torsion, Mechanical

Background The in vitro culture of retinal vascular endothelial cells is the foundation of experimental study of retinal vascular disease. Shortage of human donor eyeballs is a main limiting for the laboratory work. The culture method of rat-derived vascular endothelial cells has been established. However, this method is not enough effective because of severer cellullar injury. Objective Present study was to establish a simple and high effective method for the culture of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Methods The retinas from 5 SPF SD rats was digested by 0. 1% collagenase and cultured with explant culture method. 20% fetal bovine serum, vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) , insulin-transferrin-selenium( ITS) were composed into the endothelial cell culture medium, and enough blowing was performed to get the cells and fragments from retinal tissue. The cellular suspension was prepared and cultured consequently on human fibronectin-coated culture flasks. Cultured vascular endothelial cells were identified by anti-von Willebrand staining factor. Results The cells emerged from the tissue mass,and cells and some tissue fragments attached to the wall after 24 hours of seeding. The cells grew to show the fusiform in 4 days and merged together in 5 to 6 days,and a cell monolayer was seen in the 14th day after culture. The endothelial cells showed the positive response for von Willebrand factor. After passage, the merging-growth statue of the cells was regained in 2 hours after culture. Conclusion Use of retinal pieces and collagenase-digestion can get the vascular endothelial cells with better activity in vitro. The culture method based on highly selective endothelial cell culture medium associated to FN adhesion-promoting is helpful for gaining the purified of endothelial cells.

BACKGROUNDCentral venous thrombosis is a serious and life-threatening complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients with an indwelling catheter. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of thrombosis of the superior vena cava and auxiliary branches in Chinese HD patients with an indwelling internal jugular venous catheter and to explore its risk factors.

METHODSFifty-four patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) with an indwelling catheter were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The thrombosis of the internal jugular vein, subclavical vein, brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava was assessed by vascular ultrasound. Collected were data on age, gender, ultrafiltration volume, Kt/V, blood pressure, levels of hemoglobin, serum albumin, lipid, calcium, and phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone.

RESULTSThe patients were given short- or long-term double lumen central venous catheters. Among them, 42 patients had the catheter placed into the right internal jugular vein, and 12 patients into the left internal jugular vein. Different degrees of central venous thrombosis were found in 33 patients (61.1%). The prevalence of thrombosis in the jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, subclavical vein and superior vena cava was 61.1% (33/54), 44.4% (24/54), 16.7% (9/54) and 5.6% (3/54), respectively. Among the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis, the percentages for one, two, three and four affected veins were 27.3% (9/33), 45.4% (15/33), 18.2% (6/33) and 9.1% (3/33), respectively. Twelve (12/33, 36.4%) of the 33 HD patients with central venous thrombosis had clinical symptoms. Nine patients (27.3%) had edema of the upper extremity and 3 (9.1%) had new-onset symptoms of pulmonary embolism such as cough, chest distress and short breath. The incidences of diabetes mellitus and malignant tumor and levels of lipoprotein a and homocysteic acid were significantly higher in the HD patients with central venous thrombosis than in those without central venous thrombosis. Logistic regressive analysis revealed that high level of homocysteic acid was the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein is quite high, especially in those patients with diabetes mellitus, malignant tumor, high levels of serum lipoprotein and homocysteic acid. Its clinical symptoms are insidious but dangerous. High level of homocysteic acid may be the important risk factor for central venous thrombosis in Chinese HD patients with indwelling catheterization of the internal jugular vein.

Adult ; Aged ; Brachiocephalic Veins ; pathology ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; pathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; Vena Cava, Superior ; pathology ; Venous Thrombosis ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore rescue effect of prehospital emergency care connected green channel on patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:A total of 122 emergency AMI patients treated in our hospital were selected.Ac-cording to hospitalization order,they were divided into routine emergency care group (the first 61 inpatients)and green channel group (the following 61 inpatients,received prehospital emergency care connected green channel besides routine e-mergency care).Rescue effective rate,myocardial perfusion time,time of in-hospital stay and nursing satisfaction were compared between two groups.Results:Total effective rate of green channel group was significantly higher than that of routine emergency care group (78.69% vs.68.85%,P =0.028);compared with routine emergency care group,there were significant reductions in myocardial perfusion time [(100.72±10.40)min vs.(56.02±5.49)min]and time of in-hospital stay [(14.34 ± 3.46)d vs.(11.86 ± 4.24)d](P < 0.01 both),and significant rise in nursing satisfaction (81.82% vs.96.67%,P =0.028)in green channel group.Conclusion:Prehospital emergency care connected green chan-nel can improve rescue effective rate,reduce time of in-hospital stay and improve nursing satisfaction in patients with acute myocardial infarction,which is worth extending in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo study the different features of hyperplasia in castrated and uncastrated mice after testosterone (T) treatment.

METHODSForty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 in each: castrated (A), uncastrated (B) , castrated + low T (C), uncastrated + low T (D), castrated + high T (E), uncastrated + high T (F). Groups C and D were treated with testosterone solution at the dose of 12.5 mg/(kg d) and Groups E and F at 125 mg/(kg d) for 20 consecutive days, while Groups A and B received saline only. All the mice were sacrificed on the 21st day, their ventral and dorsal prostate glands weighed and their pathological features studied.

RESULTSAtrophic prostates were observed in Group A, but normal in Group B; prostatic hyperplasia was found in both Group C and D, but more obvious in the latter (P <0.05); and a slightly higher degree of hyperplasia was noted in Groups E and F than in C and D. There was an increase in serum T and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration and a decrease in serum estrogen (E2) concentration in the testosterone treated groups.

CONCLUSIONBoth castrated and uncastrated mice develop prostate hyperplasia after short-term testosterone treatment, although in different degrees and with different features, which may help further the studies on the association of castration and androgen with prostate diseases.

Animals ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Testosterone ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors associated with anastomotic leakage after anterior resection in rectal cancer with the technique of total mesorectal excision (TME).

METHODSFrom January 2005 and December 2007, 738 consecutive patients with rectal cancer underwent anterior resection. The data of those patients was collected and reviewed retrospectively. The associations between anastomotic leakage and 9 patient-related variables as well as 7 surgical-related variables were examined.

RESULTSLow rectal cancer (located 7 cm or less above the anal edge), non-specialized surgeon and transanal tube use were the risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage on univariate analysis. The anastomotic leakage rate of low-rectal cancer was significantly higher than that of high-rectal cancer (5.9% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.003). The anastomotic leakage rate of the cases operated by colorectal surgeon was significantly lower than that of the cases operated by non-specialized surgeon (3.9% vs. 11.3%, P = 0.031). There was a tendency for colorectal surgeons to operate on a greater proportion of low rectal cancer than non-specialized surgeons (72.1% vs. 52.8%, P = 0.003). The leakage rate of transanal tube group was unexpectedly higher than that in patients without transanal tube (14.5% vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (P = 0.027), distance less than 1 cm from tumor to distal resection margin (P = 0.009) and defunctioning stoma (P = 0.031) were also associated with anastomotic leakage rate besides low rectal cancer, non-specialized surgeon and transanal tube use. In a further analysis of 522 patients with low rectal cancer, the leakage rate of defunctioning stoma group was significantly lower than that of non-stoma group (2.9% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.007). By contract, the leakage rate of transanal tube group was still higher than that in patients without transanal tube (15.1% vs. 4.9%, P = 0.008) because of its poor protective effect as well as the selection bias.

CONCLUSIONSLow-rectal cancer, non-specialized surgeons and diabetes mellitus are risk factors of anastomotic leakage after rectal surgery. A defunctioning stoma was effective in preventing leakage after low-rectal cancer surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Rectal Fistula ; etiology ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surgical Stomas

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of recombinant polypeptide CH50 of fibronectin on invasion and angiogenesis of tumors, and analyze the possible molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of polypeptide CH50 on tumors.

METHODSThe tumor model was established by inoculation of H22 hepatocarcinoma cells in mice. The tumor gene therapy was performed by in vivo gene transfection with a method based on hydrodynamics to express polypeptide CH50. After treatment, the inhibitory effect on tumor invasion and angiogenesis was observed by histotology with HE staining of tumor tissues. The expresison of MMP-9 mRNA and protein at the edge of tumor tissue was evaluated by RT-PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the related genes in H22 cells treated with polypeptide CH50. Cell adhesion assay was used to analyze the influence of polypeptide CH50 on the binding of cells to fibrinogen.

RESULTS(1) Eukaryotic expression plasmid pCH510 was expressed in vivo in a non-targeting manner and produced a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth. The therapy with polypeptide CH50 resulted in pronounced necrosis of tumor cells in pCH510 group, compared with that in control groups at histological level. (2) Polypeptide CH50 could inhibit the growth, invasion and angiogenesis of the tumor, and interfere the formation of new collateral circulation in the tumor. (3) The expression level of MMP-9 protein at the edge of tumor tissue was significantly decreased after treatment, especially the activation of pro-MMP-9 was inhibited significantly, whereas the expression level of MMP-9 mRNA was not influenced. (4) The expression of alphav, 33 and cdc2 mRNAs in H22 cells treated with polypeptide CH50 was down-regulated. (5) Cell adhesion assay manifested that polypeptide CH50 can affect the adhesion ability of H22 cells.

CONCLUSIONPolypeptide CH50 can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis by suppressing the functions of MMP-9 and integrin alphavbeta3.

Animals ; CDC2 Protein Kinase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Adhesion ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fibronectins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Integrin alphaVbeta3 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction