Pestalotiopsis photiniae is one of the predominant pathogens of strawberry root rot disease. Based on preliminary research, it was proved that crude toxins were main pathogenic substances of the pathogen. For further investigation and utilization of toxins produced by this fungus, conditions of producing toxins were analyzed with the leaf disk method in this experiment. The result showed that pH values, cultural time, vibration, and tested temperatures obviously affected the production of toxins, except for light treatment. The most suitable culture conditions for the toxin production were pH 6.2, 25?C, darkness and stillness, for 5 d～7 d. Besides, it was discovered that crude toxins could significantly inhibit seed germination and elongation growth of roots or shoots for maize, rye and mung bean.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of menbranous milkvetch root parenteral solution on insulin resistance of gerontism cerebral infarction in recovery stage.Methods66 patients with gerontism cerebral infarction were randomly divided into therapy group(33 cases) which received membranous milkvetch root parenteral solution and control group(33 cases).Both groups adopted routine treatment at the same time, the period was 20 days. Insulin(Ins), free blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol(CH), triglyceride(TG), hemorheology and insulin resistance(indicating by index of insulin sensitive) of blood on empty stomach were evalutated before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment there was decrease in CH, FBS, FINS in therapy group than in control group(P<0.01 or P<0.05); the clinical effect in therapy group was better than in control group(P<0.01).ConclusionMembranous milkvetch root parenteral solution can significantly decrease insulin resistance, blood lipin, blood viscosity in recovery stage of gerontism cerebral infarction, and improve clinical efficiency.

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SQDG on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice as well as its possible mechanisms. At the same time the pharmacodynamics of SQDG was compared with TGP or ASTs of effective dose.

METHODThe model of carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice was prepared. The levels of ALT, AST, MDA content, SOD and GSH-Px activities in liver homogenate were assayed by spectrophotometry; Meanwhile, hepatic pathological examination was observed.

RESULTProtective effect of SQDG on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury: SQDG was able to significantly decrease serum transaminase levels of chemical liver injury's mice induced by carbon tetrachloride, decreased MDA content and improved the reduced SOD and GSH-px levels in liver homogenate. Furthermore, SQDG also attenuate the area and extent of necrosis and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cell. Compared with TGP or ASTs of effective dose, SQDG has a better effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical liver injury in mice.

CONCLUSIONSQDG can protect mice injured by carbon tetrachloride-induced chemical.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drug Combinations ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mice ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Reperfusion is the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction, markedly reducing mortality and morbidity. Reperfusion however induces necrotic and apoptotic damages to cardiomyocytes, that were viable prior to reperfusion, a process called myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MI/RI). Over the past 30 years, hundreds of experimental interventions (both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic) have been reported to protect the ischemic myocardium in experimental animals; however, with the exception of early reperfusion, none has been translated into clinical practice. The population-based survey assessed men have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of women, and the sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish after age 45 years. So hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is given to treat the MI/RI, and lots of studies shows that the side effect is greater for estrogen, compared with phyestrogen. In this article, we review the important pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, the prevention and limitations of HRT. And we highlight the mechanism of phyestrogens treatment the MI/RI in experiment. The aim is to provide the theoretically new way of develop the safe and effective products for the researchers.
Animals ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Phytoestrogens ; administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage

AIM: To study caspase-9 expression on rat retina in the process of chronic elevation of IOP and the changes with the application of amino guanidine (AG), thus to investigate potential protective function of AG to rat retina with chronic elevation of IOP.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe retinal morphology and expression of caspase-9 at different time points of rat with chronic IOP elevation, both affected or not affected by the application of AG.RESULTS: Compared with control group, as time passed retina of experimental group gradually had detectable morphological changes. On 21st day of chronic IOP elevation, retinas became thinner and the quantity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) decreased; caspase-9 expression increased, consistent with the morphological changes. The group using AG presented relatively smaller morphology changes and less expression of caspase-9.CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-related gene caspase-9 played a part in the process of chronic IOP elevation; AG protects retina by down-regulating expression of caspase-9.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency and type of PHEX gene mutations in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), the possible presence of mutational hot spots, and the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype.

METHODSClinical data of 10 children with XLH was retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between gene mutation type and severity of XLH was evaluated.

RESULTSPHEX gene mutations were detected in all 10 children with XLH, including 6 cases of missense mutation, 2 cases of splice site mutation, 1 case of frameshift mutation, and 1 case of nonsense mutation. Two new mutations, c.2048T>C and IVS14+1delAG, were found. The type of PHEX gene mutation was not associated with the degree of short stature and leg deformity (P=0.571 and 0.467), and the mutation site was also not associated with the degree of short stature and leg deformity (P=0.400 and 1.000).

CONCLUSIONSMissense mutation is the most common type of PHEX gene mutation in children with XLH, and c.2048T>C and IVS14+1delAG are two new PHEX gene mutations. The type and site of PHEX gene mutation are not associated with the severity of XLH.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mutation ; PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase ; genetics ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and elderly population in the community of Foshan city,Guangdong province. Methods Subjects from residential communities were chosen through Cluster sampling method. Physical data and history were collected. Serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were tested with venous blood samples. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler(TCD). Data was analyzed by the software SPSS 18.0.Results 1405 subjects met the inclusive criteria, among which 163(11.6%)were found one(7.4%)or more(4.2%)stenotic arteries, and the standardized rate was 10.3%. 9.89% of the SICA, and 3.05%, 2.29%, 1.59%, 1.38%, 0.89% of basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior lerebral artery,vertebral artery, posterior cerebral artery were found stenotic respectively. Data from the age-stratified analysis showed that the prevalence in these above 70(27.8%)was significantly higher than that under age 70(7.5%)(P=0.000). Single factor and logistic regression analysis demonstrated the history of diabetes mellitus and elevated systolic pressure present were significantly different between stenofic group and the non-stenotic group(P=0.000, P=0.000), which were the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries(OR= 2.362,95%CI:1.194-4.674; OR= 1.024,95%CI:1.016-1.031). Conclusion Comparatively high prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and aged community population was found in the Southern part of China,especially among the age group above 70. History of diabetes and elevated systolic pressure seemed to be the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries.

A new phenolic amide glycoside, cimicifugamide A (1) along with four known compounds, trans-feruloyl tyramine 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), (+)-isolariciresinol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), cimidahurine (4), and 24-epi-7, 8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (5) were isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga dahurica. Compound 3 was identified as a lignan and has been obtained from Cimicifuga genus for the first time. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by IR, UV, HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods.
Amides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

This study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on type 2 diabetic mice model and to provide mechanistic insights into its therapeutic effect. Type 2 diabetic animal model was established with high calorie fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Mice were then randomized into 5 groups: model control, FGF21 0.25 and 0.05 μmol x kg(-1) x d(-1) groups, insulin treatment group. Ten age-matched normal KM mouse administered with saline were used as normal controls. Serum glucose, insulin, lipid products and the change of serum and liver tissue inflammation factor levels between five groups of mouse were determined. The results showed that blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides, and inflammatory factor average FGF-21 of type 2 diabetes model group and normal control group were significantly higher (P < 0.01), while compared with insulin group, no difference was significant. Average blood glucose, insulin, blood lipid and inflammatory factor of FGF-21 treatment group compared with type 2 diabetes group was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and insulin group has no difference with the model control group. The results of OGTT and HOMA-IR showed that insulin resistance state was significantly relieved in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that FGF-21 significantly remits type 2 diabetic mice model's insulin resistance state and participates in the regulation of inflammatory factor levels and type 2 diabetes metabolic disorders.
Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; blood ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Streptozocin ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of tidal breathing pulmonary function in children with tracheobronchomalacia (TBM).

METHODSIn this study, 30 children who were diagnosed with TBM using electronic bronchoscopy were enrolled in the observation group; 30 healthy children were recruited in the normal control group. For individuals in each group, the assessment of tidal breath pulmonary function was performed at diagnosis and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after diagnosis.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in tidal volume, inspiratory time, expiratory time, and inspiratory to expiratory ratio between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significantly higher respiratory rate and significantly lower ratio of time to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (TPTEF/TE) and ratio of volume to peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory volume (VPTEF/VE). There was a time-dependent increase in TPTEF/TE and VPTEF/VE for TBM children from the time of initial diagnosis to 12 months after diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONSTidal breathing pulmonary function has characteristic changes in children with TBM. Tidal breathing pulmonary function tends to be recovered with increased age in children with TBM.

Age Factors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Respiration ; Tidal Volume ; Tracheobronchomalacia ; physiopathology