Carotenoids play an important role in regulating the hydrogen production of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. The carotenoids of hydrogen-producing Rhodobacter sp. grown in acetate medium were extracted by using acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) solvent and were separated by using thin-layer chromatography on silica-gel plate. The qualitative and quantitative of the carotenoids were analyzed by spectrometry. The results showed that the carotenoids were completely extracted three times with acetone-methanol (7∶2,V/V) in two hours. The ultrasonication had little effect on yield of carotenoids. The yield of carotenoids was 2.81mg/g wet cell. There were 4 spots on the silica-gel plate in the order of yellow, red, light red and light yellow. Yellow spot and red spot were the dominant composition of carotenoid in Rhodobacter sp. The spectrometry data showed that the yellow and red component might be the spheroidene and spirilloanthin respectively.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and importance of the application of simulation ward in medical practice between classes.MethodsTo divide the interns into two groups:the experimental group of 30 and the control group of 30. Both groups apply the simulation ward to practice between classes and both are assessed at the end of the practice.ResultsTo compare the final score of the experimental group and the control group,and significant differences are found in the following aspects:humanistic care,history taking,physical examination,medical record analysis,the theoretical knowledge examinations with the data of P ＜0.05.ConclusionThe application of simulation ward in medical practice between classes can improve the quality of clinical teaching.

Objective To summarize the experiences in using Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss for guided bone regener- ation in dental implantation.Methods In 28 cases of bone deficiency,Bio-Gide membranes were applied to cover alveolar defects filled with the Bio-Oss bone powder.In postoperative periodic follow-.up,the bone regeneration effect was observed by successive clinical and X-ray examination.Results 38 implants were inserted in the 28 patients and Bio-Gide membranes were used in the sites of the 38 implants.Alveolar bone defects were filled with new bone in 27 patients,1 implant loosed because of inflammation.37 implants had ideal osseointegration at stageⅡsurgery and were prosthetic rcconstructed successfully.No implant loosed during the observed period of 15 months to 4 years. Conclusion Bio-Gide and Bio-Oss have ideal effect of guided bone regeneration in dental implantation.

Objective To explore the clinical applicating and efficacy of free fibula osteomyocutane- ous flap in mandible defect reconstruction in osteoradionecrosis patients.Methods The mandible defects were reconstructed by free fibula flaps with or without muscle cuff.The soft tissue defects were repaired by skin paddles.Status of osteotomy in fibula and flap survival was recorded.The complication in recipient site and donor site,as well as mouth opening and occlusion were reviewed.Facial contour and chewing function after reconstruction were evaluated.Results Patients were followed up 3-16 months.4 free fibula flaps with muscle cuff and 5 without muscle cuff survived well.The size of mandible defects covered from 6cm to 17cm. And the harvested fibula flaps with length of 8.6-17cm were cut into 3 segments in 2 cases,and 2 segments in 5 cases.Fibula flap was divided into 2 segments and overlapped in 2 cases.No serious complication was oh- served in recipient site and donor site.Satisfying esthetic result and normal occlusiong of heath mandible were obtained in all cases.The degree of mouth opening was 2.5-3.3cm.Fair chewing function was revealed in re- constructive region after prosthesia repaired.Conclusion Free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap is relatively ideal reconstruction material of mandible defect in osteoradionecrosis patients for its high survival rate and well esthetic results.

Objectlve To detect the KChIP2 mRNA level in rheumatic heart disease patients with or without atrial fibrillation (AF) by real-time PCR.Methods Right atrial appendage samples from rheumatic heart disease patients with (n=17) or without AF (n=13) were obtained during cardiac surgery.Total RNA was extracted from the atrial tissues.and the KChIP2 and Kv4.3 mRNA were detected by SYBR Green I real-time PCR with the GAPDH as the house keeping gene.Result The ratio of KChIP2/GAPDH(0.1468 ±0.0452 VS.0.2200±0.0388,P＜0.01)and the ratio of Kv4.3/GAPDH(0.3946±0.1826 vs.0.5257±0.1427.P＜0.05)were significantly lower in AF patients compared to non-AF patients.Conclusion Down-regulated atrial KChIP2 and Kv4.3 mRNA expressions in rheumatic heart disease patients with chronic AF might be one of the molecular bases responsible for the down-regulation of the Ito current density of AF.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) combined with transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of mediastinal and pulmonary hilar lesions as well as in the lymph node staging (N staging) of lung cancer.

METHODS129 patients with mediastinal and pulmonary hilar lesions underwent either TBNA or EUS-FNA with cytological needle aspiration. The samples obtained from TBNA or EUS-FNA were examined by both cytologiy and histopathology.

RESULTSOf the 129 patients, 59 underwent TBNA and 70 EUS-FNA. The diagnostic rate were 84.7% (50/59) by TBNA and 94.3% (66/70) by EUS-FNA, resepectively. The diagnosis of 116 (89.9%) patients were confirmed by either TBNA or EUS-FNA. The pathological and cytological diagnostic rates were 92.2% (107/116) and 88.0% (102/116), resepectively. The diagnostic rate was elevated by 8.4% (9/107) through pathological examination. The histological classification rates by cytological and pathological examination were 73.8% (76/116) and 89.3% (92/103), respectively. The diagnostic rate of histological classification was elevated by 35.5% (27/76) through pathological examination.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of TBNA and EUS-FNA can improve the diagnostic rate for wider mediastinal and pulmlonary hilar lesions. Pathological examination of the samples obtained from the TBNA and EUS-FNA can elevate not only the rate of diagnosis but also the rate of histological classification.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Endosonography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; secondary ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the growth and development of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive neurons in the cerebellum of human fetus in the midanaphase.

METHODThe positive expression of the NOS-positive neurons in the cerebellum of midanaphase human fetus was observed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSBy the sixth to seventh month of gestation, NOS-positive neurons were seen in the ependymal layer of the cerebellum. The nucleus was oval-shaped and the neurons had short and small processes. By the eighth to ninth month, NOS-positive neurons were found in the central layer of the cerebellum and the nucleus was round-, oval-, or fusiform-shaped; meanwhile, the neurons grew larger in size with richer cytoplast and heavier staining. The beaded nerve fibers reached the marginal layer and the layer became thickened on the tenth month, which generally was composed of 5 to 6 layers of NOS-positive neurons that were tightly aligned. Some NOS-positive neurons were in smaller size with the cell body and the nerve fibers grew well.

CONCLUSIONNitric oxide generated by NOS of the NOS-positive neurons in the cerebellum plays an important role in the differentiation, proliferation, and migration of neurons and gliacytes.

Cerebellar Cortex ; Fetus ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I

OBJECTIVETo estimate prevalence of HIV/AIDS among children and the transmission routes in a highly endemic villages of AIDS.

METHODSTotally 208 high-risk women of child bearing age and 159 of their children aged 0 - 14 years were investigated. Their medical histories of blood donation or transfusion were collected, blood samples were taken and sera were separated for HIV test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay were performed for HIV antibody. The Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay amplifying gag gene p17 was performed on samples of children aged less than 18 months.

RESULTSThirty-seven HIV infected cases were found among 159 children aged 0 - 14 years of whom 33 were infected by mother-to-child transmission (89.2%, 33/37), 3 by blood transfusion (8.1%, 3/37) and one by iatrogenic route (2.7%, 1/37). Sixty seven mothers who were seropositive for HIV and their 86 children who were born after 1992 were investigated, 33 cases of them were infected with HIV. The rate of vertical transmission was 38.4% (33/86). The HIV vertical transmission rate among mothers with AIDS (68.8%, 22/32) was significantly greater than that among mothers with asymptomatic HIV infection (20.4%, 11/54, P < 0.05). The number of children infected with HIV through vertical transmission increased from 1993 to 2001. Among 37 children infected with HIV, 12 cases developed AIDS and 4 of them died, of whom 2 cases died from tuberculosis. The morbidity of AIDS was 27.3% (9/33). Ninety three point nine percent (31/33) of infected mothers didn't know their HIV seropositive status before pregnancy and delivery. Of 8 pregnant women infected with HIV, one had aggravation of AIDS, 2 miscarried, 2 terminated their pregnancy and 3 continued their pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONMother-to-child transmission of HIV was the major route of HIV/AIDS transmission to the children. The main reason leading to HIV infection in children was the lack of prenatal HIV counseling and testing for the high-risk women of childbearing age and lake of interventions. The countermeasures must be taken to control the further transmission of AIDS in order to protect the health of women and children in the highly endemic areas of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gene Products, gag ; genetics ; HIV Antigens ; genetics ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; transmission ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Viral Proteins ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

OBJECTIVETo investigate the development of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive neurons in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum of human fetus in midanaphase.

METHODSThe positive expression of the NOS-positive neurons in the frontal lobe of cerebrum of human fetus was observed by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSBy the 7th to 8th month of gestation, NOS-positive neurons in the cortical plate of frontal lobe demonstrated themselves inequality of sizes and morphological difference in the deeper layers with interspersed distribution and increased NOS response, and the distribution of beaded nerve fiber was observed between neurons of cerebral tissues. By the 9th to 10th month of gestation, NOS-positive neurons in the deeper layers of cortical plate of frontal lobe developed slightly in size of the cell body with richer cytoplast, full shape and deeper dyeing and extrusive beaded nerve fibers, and the NOS-positive neurons scattered in the shallow layer of cortical plate presented with round or oval shape. The nucleus developed bigger but with sparse cytoplasm and clear nerve process.

CONCLUSIONNOS-positive neurons in the deeper layer of cortical plate of lobus frontal consist of largely network of neural system and produce micro-environment with higher concentration of NO, which favors the differentiation, proliferation, migration, and development of various neurons.

Cerebrum ; cytology ; embryology ; Female ; Fetus ; cytology ; enzymology ; Frontal Lobe ; cytology ; embryology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; cytology ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; Pregnancy

OBJECTTo explore the better treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-two cases of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, sixty-six cases in each group. In observation group, Baihui (GV 20) penetrating to Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Jiaji (EX-B 2), Huantiao (GB 30) and Chengfu (BL 36) etc. on affect side were applied; in control group, Shenshu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), Huantiao (GB 30) and Chengfu (BL 36) etc. on affect side were applied. Once a day, 6 treatments made one session and one day break between courses. The curative effects after 4 and 8 courses and the recurrence rate that 6 months after treatment were observed; the pain scale evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were observed.

RESULTSThe cured rate and total effective rate were 44.3% (27/61) and 100.0% (61/61) in observation group, 26.7% (16/60) and 93.3% (56/60) in control group after 4 courses; there were significant differences between two groups (all P < 0.05). After 8 courses, the cured rate and total effective rate were no significant differences between two groups (all P > 0.05). In observation group, the recurrence rate was 9.4% (5/53) 6 months after treatment, which was lower than that (24.1%,13/54) in control group (P < 0.05). The VAS and ODI scale were significantly reduced (all P < 0.05) after treatment, and which in observation group were inferior to those in control group (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe lumbar intervertebral disc herniation treated with puncture by opening meridian and consolidating origin is rapidly effected with low recurrence rate.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement