Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of large-dose alcohol sclerotherapy in treating simple hepatic cyst. Methods Patients with hepatic cyst were divided into two groups. One group with 49 patients was treated with small-dose (<80 ml) absolute alcohol instillation. The other one with 32 patients was treated with large-dose (≥80 ml) absolute alcohol instillation. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was recorded right after and 30 rain, 1 h,2 h,3 h after the treatment. Diameter of cyst as a parameter of efficiency was recorded and compared between two groups during 1 year follow-up visit. Results Large-dose group was significantly more efficient in treating hepatic cyst than small-dose group. All BAC records were within the safe range and below the legal limit after drinking. BAC reached its peak 30 minutes after the treatment began and then decreased gradually. A significant correlation was found between BAC and the alcohol dosage. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with repeated large-dose absolute alcohol instillation is a safe and efficient treatment for simple hepatic cyst from the perspective of BAC.

Objective To investigate the changes of the masseter muscle following osteotomy of the prominent mandibular angle and to provide guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Ten goats were equally divided into two groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle, and in group B we performed unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle. The cross section area (CSA) and the sarcomere length of masseter muscle were measured beore and after operation. Results (1) Cross section area (CSA) of masseter muscle fiber in curved ostectomy group decreased at 1,2, 3 and 6 months after operation in different extent. Comparing with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). CSA of masseter muscle fiber in dissection group decreased 1 month postoperatively, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). But, they had no significant difference with control group at 2, 3, and 6 months after operation (P>0.01). (2) Sarcomere length of masseter muscle in curved ostectomy group decreased in 1 week, 1 and 2 months after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 3 months after operation, sarcomere length recovered to normal. In dissection group, sarcomere length decreased in 1 week and 1 month after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 2 month after operation, it recovered to normal. Conclusion Certain extent of atrophy does happen to masseter muscle after mandibular angle ostectomy. Meanwhile, these changes do not significantly impair the function of masseter muscle. According to this, we suggest a simple mandibular angle ostectomy without partial resection of masseter muscle in case of mild to morderate mandibular angle hypertrophy. Doing so, we can not only achieve the cosmetic effect but also reduce the implications.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Chromatography, Gas ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; chemistry ; Phosphines ; analysis ; blood ; poisoning

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of sophoridine against bone cancer pain in bone cancer pain model rats induced by W256 tumor cells and its mechanism.

METHODThe rat model of bone cancer pain was reproduced by injecting W256 tumor cells into the rat marrow cavity. Ten days after the model establishment, 36 rats were selected and randomly divided into the model control group and the sophoridine treated group. At the same time, other 10 rats with sham-operation were selected to be the normal control group. Since the 15th day after the operation, rats in the treated group had been given sophoridine (25 mg x kg(-1)) for 10 days. The mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency of each group were measured before and after the treatment. After the last treatment, the radiological and histopathological observation shall be conducted for sick legs of all rats. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor tissues were detected by mmunohistochemistry.

RESULTSophoridine could significantly increase the mechanical withdrawal threshold and the thermal withdrawal latency (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), significantly relief the bone injury caused by W256 tumor cells (P < 0.05), and notably down-regulate the COX-2 and VEGF expressions in tumor tissues (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSophoridine has the effect in relieving pain and inhibiting tumor progression in bone cancer pain rats induced by W256 tumor cells. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulated expressions of COX-2 and VEGF.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; complications ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Hyperalgesia ; complications ; drug therapy ; Pain ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Quinolizines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the differentiatial diagnostic value of 99Tcm-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( MIBI ) SPECT combined with localizable CT in the evaluation of oxygen intervention for suspicious lung lesions,and to establish a cost-effective imaging modality in the detection of malignant lung lesions.Methods From September 2008 to March 2009,47 consecutive patients with suspicious malignant lung lesions underwent 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT prospectively. Patients with suspicious pneumonia were treated with antibiotics for about 4 d before imaging. All patients were cannulized with a nostril tube for oxygen inhalation before 99Tc-MIBI injection. SPECT combined with localizable CT of the chest was performed at 10 min and 2 h after 99Tcm-MIBI injection. The uptake ratios of lesion to contralateral normal lung parenchyma(early uptake ratio:EUR and delayed uptake ratio:DUR) were compared using independent-samples ttest. In addition,the diagnostic efficiency of uptake ratios of lung lesions was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Forty-seven patients ( primary lung cancers:32,metastatic tumors of the lung:4,benign lung diseases:11 ) had 51 lung lesions,including 39 malignant and 12 benign lung lesions. The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value (PPV),and negative predictive value (NPV) were 94.9% (37/39),83.3% ( 10/12),92.2% (47/51),94.9% (37/39) and 83.3% ( 10/12),respectively. The EUR of malignant lesions was 2.95 ± 1.16,whereas of benign lesions was 1.43 ±0.33. The DUR of the malignant lesions was 3.19 ± 1.74,whereas of benign lesions was 1.60 ±0.32. Both EUR and DUR were significantly different between malignant and benign lung lesions,respectively (t= -4.44,-3.12,respectively,both P＜0.01). The ROC curve showed that EUR value ≥1.625 provided the sensitivity of 97.4% (38/39) and specificity of 83.3% (10/12); DUR value ≥ 1.75provided the sensitivity of 94.9% (37/39) and specificity of 83.3% (10/12). Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT combined with localizable CT imaging in oxygen intervention has a potential value in differentiating malignant from benign lung lesions.

In the present study, the effect of high density lipoproteins (HDLs) on the antiaggregating activity of nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial cells was investigated with the use of cultured bovine aortal endothelial cells (BAECs). The BAECs were placed in an aggregometer in contact with rabbit platelets after blocking cyclo-oxygenase with acetylsalicylic acid. Under this circumstance, the antiaggregating effect of endothelial cells was exclusively dependent on the release of NO, which was further confirmed by prevention of antiaggregating activity of BAECs with 1 mmol/L NG-Nitro-L-arginine. When this system was used, thrombin (0.1 U/ml) evoked 67.33±7.52% aggregation of rabbit platelets (2×108/ml). This effect was inhibited by NO derived from endothelial cells (1×105～1×106/ml) in a cell number dependent manner. HDLs (1 mg/ml), added into the system immediately before BAECs, enhanced this antiaggregating effect of NO. However, incubating BAECs with HDLs for an hour and removing the HDLs by centrifugation did not have the same effect, unless HDLs were present during aggregation. No direct effect of HDLs on platelet aggregation was observed. The above findings suggest that HDLs can enhance the antiaggregating effects of BAECs mediated by direct interaction with NO.

Objective To identify the histological features as well as factors influencing the course of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV)-infected patients with persistently normal alanine amino-transferase (ALT) levels (PNAL). Methods Ninety-eight HBeAg-negative chronic HBV-infected patients with PNAL who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy were recruited from October 2003 to March 2008. The ALT level, HBV markers, HBV DNA level and liver histological changes were detected. Comparison of means was done by t test and single factor analysis of variance. Nonparametric statistics was done by Marm-Whitey U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Analysis of independent risk factor was done using Logistic model. The dianostic value of ALT level to significant liver histological changes was evaluated by receiver performance curve. Results Twenty-two point four percent and 17.3% of subjects had the histological activity index (HAI)≥4and fibrosis (F) score≥3 respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that subjects with ALT＞0.50 × upper limit of normal (ULN) had a significantly higher rate of HAI≥4 and F score≥3 than those with ALT≤0.50×ULN (HAI≥4:36.4% vs 11.1%, χ2 =8.881, P=0.003;F score≥3:27.3% vs 9.3%, χ2 =5.487, P= 0.019, respectively), and older subjects (more than 45 years old) had a higher proportion of HAI ≥4 than the younger (33.3% vs 13.4%, χ2 =4.923, P=0.027). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that a decade increase in age was the independent predictor of HAI≥4 (OR=2.410, P=0.023).Receive operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that 87.0% and 90.7% of subjects with ALT＜0.50× ULN had histological changes of HAI＜4 and F score＜3 respectively. The proportions of HAI≥4 and F score≥3 in subjects with HBV DNA＜1×104 copy/mL were 14.9% and 12.8%, respectively. Conclusions Significant histological changes may be present in part of the subjects with persistently normal ALT and different HBV DNA levels, so that liver biopsy is very important, especially in those with age ＞45 years.Half time the ULN may serve as an appropriate cutoff value of normal ALT level for managing Chinese HBeAg-negative chronic HBV-int'ected patients.

AIMTo investigate the possible involvement of glutamate(Glu) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the central regulation of baroreflex.

METHODSThe baroreflex was induced by intravenous injection of phenylephrine in conscious rats, and the extracellular concentration of Glu in the PVN region was measured by microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. To determine whether the observed Glu release was involved in the baroreflex, NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, MK-801 and CNQX, were perfused in the PVN region during baroreflex.

RESULTSDuring baroreflex, the Glu concentration in the PVN region immediately increased to 384.82% +/- 91.77% of basal level (P < 0.01). (2) During baroreflex, direct perfusion of MK-801 and CNQX in the PVN were attenuated the increase of blood pressure and enhanced the decrease of HR (P < 0.01),resulting a significant increase in baroreflex sensitivity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGlutamate in PVN is involved in central regulation of baroreflex, which may inhibit baroreflex via ionothopic glutamate receptors.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the expressions of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in acute liver failure mice induced by D-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the correlation with miRNAs in the liver.Methods Forty clean grade Balb/C mice,with 32 in the model group and 8 in the control group were enrolled in the study.Liver failure was induced by intraperitoneally injection of D-GalN and LPS in mice of the model group,while mice of the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL 0.9 ％ sodium chloride solution.Serum and liver samples were collected at 0,3,5,7 hours following administration,and eight mice should be supplied to each sample,and changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histopathology of the liver were observed.miRNA from both the serum and the liver was extracted,miRNA expression profile in the liver at 0,5,7 hours by locked nucleic acid (LNA)-miRNA microarray was analyzed and miRNA by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was detected.Means of the two groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and correlation analyses were performed using Pearson and Spearman correlation.Results Expression of miRNAs in the liver tissue changed significantly over time with the occurrence of acute liver failure in the mice.Twenty-one miRNAs were up-regulated and 27 were down-regulated,among which miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 were down-regulated while miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 were up-regulated.It was confirmed by the PCR assay that the expression of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in the liver gradually decreased,while those in the serum were up-regulated over time.However,the expressions of inflammation associated miRNA-155 and miRNA-146a were up-regulated both in the serum and the liver after administration.The expressions of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 were negatively correlated between serum and liver (r=-0.477,P=0.0089,r=-0.420,P=0.231),while the expressions of miRNA-155 in serum and liver were positively correlated (r=0.678,P=0.0001).Moreover,the expressions of miRNA-122 (r=0.571,0.554) and miRNA-1187 (r=0.471,0.542) were also positively correlated with serum levels of ALT and AST (all P＜0.05).Liver and serum levels of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 changed significantly at 5 hours after administration,which preceded the changes of ALT/AST.Conclusions The expressions of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in serum are well inversely correlated with the corresponding expressions in liver tissues during acute liver failure in mice.The changes of miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 in the serum precede those of ALT/AST.These data suggest that serum miRNA-122 and miRNA-1187 might be the candidate serum biomarkers for early prediction of liver injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the reconstruction of acquired orbital deformities.

METHODSThrough coronal incisions, subciliary incisions and buccal sulcus incisions, or periorbital wound, the displaced orbital walls were repositioned after osteotomy. And the mandibular outer cortex was used to repair the bone defect, so as to restore the orital integrity.

RESULTSFrom Sept. 2002 to Jun. 2006, 64 patients with acquired orbital deformities were treated. The integrity of orbit and eyeball location recovered very well.

CONCLUSIONSRestoration of the orbital integrity is the key to the treatment of acquired orbital deformities. The periorbital deformities should be corrected after osteotomy with mandibular outer cortex for bone defect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult