Objective To investigate the changes of the constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the process of masseter reattachment following different osteotomies of the prominent mandibular angle so as to offer guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Sixteen adult goats were randomized into four groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle. In group B unilateral curved ostectomy was performed with partial masseter resection. In group C unilateral angle splitting ostectomy, while in group D unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle was conducted. The constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the interface were observed at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month, and 6-month after operation. Results On the changes of collagen fiber in the process of muscular reattachment, at 1-month post-operation, the constitution of collagen fiber (types Ⅰ and Ⅲ) in groups A and B were significantly different from that of control group (P<0.05). However, both groups C and D had no statistic difference from control group (P>0.05). At 2-month, 3-month and 6-month post-operation, those of all experimental groups had no statistic difference from control group. And with time, the percentage of collagen fiber type Ⅰ increased and type Ⅲ decreased gradually. Conclusion The recovery sequences of masseter muscle reattachment in this study are firstly group C, secondly group A and finally group B. It suggests that the recoveries of mastication and other oral activities are different. Group B turns out to be with a slow muscle reattachment. Thus, we recommend treating different kinds of mandibular hypertrophy with different ostectomies.

Objective To investigate the changes of the masseter muscle following osteotomy of the prominent mandibular angle and to provide guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Ten goats were equally divided into two groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle, and in group B we performed unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle. The cross section area (CSA) and the sarcomere length of masseter muscle were measured beore and after operation. Results (1) Cross section area (CSA) of masseter muscle fiber in curved ostectomy group decreased at 1,2, 3 and 6 months after operation in different extent. Comparing with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). CSA of masseter muscle fiber in dissection group decreased 1 month postoperatively, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). But, they had no significant difference with control group at 2, 3, and 6 months after operation (P>0.01). (2) Sarcomere length of masseter muscle in curved ostectomy group decreased in 1 week, 1 and 2 months after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 3 months after operation, sarcomere length recovered to normal. In dissection group, sarcomere length decreased in 1 week and 1 month after operation, which had significantly statistic difference with control group (P<0.01). At 2 month after operation, it recovered to normal. Conclusion Certain extent of atrophy does happen to masseter muscle after mandibular angle ostectomy. Meanwhile, these changes do not significantly impair the function of masseter muscle. According to this, we suggest a simple mandibular angle ostectomy without partial resection of masseter muscle in case of mild to morderate mandibular angle hypertrophy. Doing so, we can not only achieve the cosmetic effect but also reduce the implications.

Background The rapid diagnosis can win more treating opportunities for patients with fungal keratitis.Even though the fungal culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of fungal keratitis,it is difficult in early diagnosis due to the long duration of cultivation and false-negative rate.Objective This trial was to explore the clinical value in the rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis by the combination of corneal scraping with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Methods Corneal scraping and laser scanning confocal microscopy were separately performed in 167 eyes of 167 patients with fungal keratitis.All the eyes were examined by the slit lamp,followed by laser scanning confocal microscope,and then the 10％ KOH corneal smear was examined under the optical microscope.Results The positive rate of diagnosis was 75％ (125/167) by corneal scraping,and that by laser scanning confocal microscopy was 91％ (152/167).The positive rate of examining outcome was significantly higher in laser scanning confocal microscopy than that of corneal scraping (x2 =14.88,P =0.00).The positive results were 114 cases and negative results were 4 cases by two methods,with the concordance rate 70.7％ (118/167).The hyphae or spore were seen in 32 cases by laser scanning confocal microscopy in 42 negative cases by corneal scraping,and in 15 negative cases by confocal laser scanning microscopy,11 positive outcomes were offered by corneal scraping.Conclusions The combined application of corneal scraping with confocal laser scanning microscopy can improve and speed up the diagnosis positive rate of fungal keratitis.

AIM: To study caspase-9 expression on rat retina in the process of chronic elevation of IOP and the changes with the application of amino guanidine (AG), thus to investigate potential protective function of AG to rat retina with chronic elevation of IOP.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to observe retinal morphology and expression of caspase-9 at different time points of rat with chronic IOP elevation, both affected or not affected by the application of AG.RESULTS: Compared with control group, as time passed retina of experimental group gradually had detectable morphological changes. On 21st day of chronic IOP elevation, retinas became thinner and the quantity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) decreased; caspase-9 expression increased, consistent with the morphological changes. The group using AG presented relatively smaller morphology changes and less expression of caspase-9.CONCLUSION: Apoptosis-related gene caspase-9 played a part in the process of chronic IOP elevation; AG protects retina by down-regulating expression of caspase-9.

Aged ; Angina Pectoris ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo analyze factors on sleep apnea children's poor responding to adenoid tonsillectomy, and discuss the further treatment.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty three obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) children who had adenoid tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy were reviewed, all cases had follow-up sleep study (polysomnogram, PSG) after surgery.

RESULTSAccording to the results obtained in 3 to 12 months after surgery with PSG, 221 cases (90.9%) were cured (apnea and hypopnea index, AHI, < 5/h), while the remaining 22 cases AHI > 5.0/h. In the latter group, 2 cases who only had adenoidectomy received tonsillectomy afterwards, 7 cases who have nasal congestion were treated with medication, 5 overweight cases and 3 cases with cerebral palsy, pectus excavatum or hyperplastic tori were treated with CPAP.

CONCLUSIONSAdenoid tonsillectomy is effective for OSAHS children. For the poor responding cases, suitable treatment should be selected accordingly.

Adenoidectomy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of Chinese Nu ethnic population from Yunnan region of China and to provide basic database for ethnic origin investigation and forensic purpose.

METHODSGenomic DNA from the whole blood of 87 unrelated individuals was extracted by standard chelex-100. The sequence polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-based assay and using ABI 3730 Analyzer to detect many number of relatively common point mutations.

RESULTSSixty-two SNP loci were observed among them with 492 point mutations and 59 haploids identified in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVSI). The gene diversity was estimated to be 0.9675,and the random match probability was calculated to be 0.0437.

CONCLUSIONThe result suggests that mtDNA HVSISNP database of Nu ethnic population can be a useful tool for forensic identity and original research.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Databases, Genetic ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Forensic Genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

In order to elucidate the mechanism underlying the attenuation of streptomycin ototoxicity by tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the present study investigated the effect of TMP on the outward K(+) current in the outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea. Sixty guinea pigs were divided into 6 groups randomly. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to observe the change in thresholds and to evaluate ototoxicity induced by streptomycin. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to observe the effect of TMP on outward K(+) current in isolated outer hair cells. The results showed that TMP attenuated the threshold shift caused by streptomycin and increased the amplitudes of Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+) current [I(K(Ca))] in the outer hair cells. The present data suggest that TMP displays anti-ototoxicity induced by streptomycin. The augmented amplitudes of I(K(Ca)) of the outer hair cells induced by TMP may be one of the mechanisms underlying its ototoxicity-attenuating effect.
Animals ; Auditory Threshold ; Cochlea ; cytology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Guinea Pigs ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer ; drug effects ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; Streptomycin ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between extrahepatic metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and circulative tumor cells in the blood of hepatoma patients.

METHODSThe immunomagnetic bead technique was employed to enrich and separate the hepatoma cells in the peripheral blood of preoperative and postoperative hepatoma patients. The relationship between postoperative extrahepatic metastasis and hepatoma cells in peripheral blood cancer cells were analyzed. The circulative tumor cells in the peripheral blood of hepatoma patients were enriched and separated by immunomagnetic bead technique. They were identified as hepatoma cells by AFP immunohistochemistry. Among 30 cases of hepatoma patients, the positive rate of hepatoma cells in the peripheral blood of preoperation and postoperation were 53.3% and 83.3% respectively. There was difference significantly in positive cases before operation and after operation (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSExtrahepatic metastasis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma is obviously correlated to the positive tumor cells and the concentration in the peripheral blood of preoperative patients.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging

Objective To analyze the clinical features and to explore the potential mode of genetic transmission of vitiligo vulgaris in Chinese Han population. Methods Information on the clinical features and the familial history of patients with vitiligo vulgaris was collected by a uniform questionnaire. The data were inputted into a data base, then analyzed by Epi Info 5.0 and SPSS 10.0 software packages. A complex segregation analysis was conducted using the REGTL program in SAGE 3.1 package in order to propose the putative mode of genetic transmission for vitiligo vulgaris. Results The mean age of onset of vitiligo vulgaris of the males and females was about 19 years old. In the severity of the disease and the season of onset, there was no significant difference between males and females. For the patients with vitiligo vulgaris, there was a female preponderance of complicating with autoimmune disorders, especially hyperthyroidism. The prevalence rates of vitiligo in patients′ relatives were significantly higher than that in general population. The mode of transmission of vitiligo vulgaris was one of the multifactorial inheritance according to the results obtained by the complex segregation analysis. Conclusions There are no differences in the prevalence and the age of onset between males and females patients. There is a marked familial aggregation in the patients with vitiligo vulgaris. The familial clustering might result from the polygenic additive genetic background and common environmental factors. It is suggested that vitiligo vulgaris be a multifactorial complex disease.