In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

Objective To observe effects and mechanisms of insulin on reperfusion injury after cerebral ischemia.Methods Sixty-six male Wistar rats were used in this study.All rats were divided into 3 groups as treated group(A),control group(B) and random sham-operated group(C).Four-vessel occlusion was used to establish global cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in study groups.The treated group were divided into 5 groups(A1-A5) and intraperineally injected with biosynthetic human insulin 2 IU/(kg?d) and 50%glucose 2 g/(kg?d) for 7 days,the blood glucose was monitored in preoperative and postoperative 3,6,12,24 h,and the blood glucose was maintained between 3.5-6.5 mmol/L.These animals of control group were given with saline 2 mL/(kg?d) for 7 days in abdominal cavity.All the rats were killed in the seventh day,brain homogenate was collected for detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE)and nitric oxide(NO).The hippocampus was separated for observation of electronic microscope.Results Concentration of NSE in brain tissue in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B,while the level in group A was higher than that of group B.Concentration of NO in group C was lower than that of group A and group B while the level of NO in group A was significantly lower than that of group B.Electron microscope showed that the ultrastructure of sham-operated group was nearly normal,damage degree of hippocampal neuron and gliacyte and capillary was gradually worse from group A1,A2 to A4,the damage degree of group B1,B2 and B4 was serious and there was no difference among them.Conclusion Insulin can really promote recovery of the cerebral injury after ischemia reperfusion.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood(UCB) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rat.Methods Twenty samples of human UCB were collected from healthy full-term newborns.MSCs were isolated from human UCB by density gradient centrifugation and purified by adhere cell selection method.For transplantation,P3 human UCB-derived MSCs were labeled by the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU).Thirty SD rats of 7 d were built for neonatal HIBD model.One rat died and others were divided into transplant group(n=18) and control group(n=11).At the third day after building models,human UCB-derived MSCs were injected into left cortex in transplant group,while PBS of the same volume was injected into the same site in control group at the same time.The seventh day after transplantation,6 rats of transplant group were sacrificed to prepare brain tissue sections.The survival,migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells were investigated by brain tissue immunohistochemical analysis,and nervous function of 2 groups were evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS) on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day after transplantation.Results MSCs were isolated from 5 of 20 human UCB samples.Immunocytochemical analysis of brain tissue showed that the transplanted human UCB-derived MSCs could survive and migrate around by the center of transplant site.There were (12.67?2.73)% of MSCs differentiated into astrocyte-like cells.mNSS showed that the score of transplant group was lower than that of control group on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day,and the differences of score points between 2 groups on the 14th,21th and 28thday were statistically significant(Pa

HK-2 cells were cultured with various concentrations of glucose and insulin for 12,24,48,72 h.Transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) protein in supematant was measured by ELISA,while TGF-?_1 mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR.Data showed that high concentration of glucose and insulin up-regulated the expression of TGF-?_1 in HK-2 cells through different pathways.

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

OBJECTIVE[corrected] To assess the effects of metallothionein on myocyte apoptosis and energy supply of isolated rabbit heart muscle during perfusion with ropivacaine..

METHODSSixty New Zealand white male rabbits were randomized into 3 equal groups. In group I, the rabbits received a intreaperitioneal injection of distilled water 24 h before isolation of the heart with perfusion by Langendoff model; in group II, distilled water was injected intreaperitioneally, and 24 h later the heart was isolated and perfused with Langendoff model and ropivacaine; in group III, 3.6% ZnSO(4) was injected intreaperitioneally and the isolated heart was perfused with Langendoff model and ropivacaine. The myocardial metallothionein content, myocyte apoptosis, and myocardial ATP, ADP and AMP content were detected.

RESULTSThe myocardial metallothionein content was significantly higher in group III than in the other two groups; the percent of myocyte apoptosis was the highest in group II, and was significantly higher in group III than in group I. The myocardial content of ATP was the highest in group I, and was significantly higher in group III than in group II.

CONCLUSIONMetallothionein can significantly inhibit myocyte apoptosis and alleviate energy supply disorder induced by ropivacaine.

Amides ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Metallothionein ; pharmacology ; Myocardium ; cytology ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Perfusion ; Rabbits

BACKGROUNDCell-based vascular therapies of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mediated neovascularization is still a novel but promising approach for the treatment of ischemic disease. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potentials of human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs (hUCB-EPCs) in rat with acute myocardial infarction.

METHODSHuman umbilical cord blood (hUCB) mononuclear cells were isolated using density gradient centrifugation from the fresh human umbilical cord in healthy delivery woman, and cultured in M199 medium for 7 days. The EPCs were identified by double-positive staining with 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine percholorate-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Ulex europaeus lectin (FITC-UEA-l). The rat acute myocardial infarction model was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending artery. The hUCB-EPCs were intramyocardially injected into the peri-infarct area. Four weeks later, left ventricular function was assessed by a pressure-volume catheter. The average capillary density (CAD) was evaluated by anti-VIII immunohistochemistry staining to reflect the development of neovascularization at the peri-infarct area. The graft cells were identified by double immunofluorescence staining with human nuclear antigen (HNA) and CD31 antibody, representing human origin of EPCs and vascular endothelium, respectively. Expressions of cytokines, proliferating cell nuclear angigen (PCNA), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cell differentiation and revascularization.

RESULTSThe donor EPCs were detectable and integrated into the host myocardium as confirmed by double-positive immunofluorescence staining with HNA and CD31. And the anti-VIII staining demonstrated a higher degree of microvessel formation in EPCs transplanted rats, associated with a significant improvement of global heart function in terms of the increase of left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP), +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax as well as the decrease of LVEDP in rats with EPCs therapy comparing to the control rats (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of the rat PCNA mRNA and PECAM were both enhanced in the EPCs group compared with that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs could incorporate into new-born capillaries in rat myocardium, induce revascularization and improve the proliferation activity in the peri-infarct area, resulting in the improvement of global heart function. This may indicate a promising stem cell resource in cell-based therapy for ischaemic diseases.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; physiology ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether Candida albicans-native phospholipomannan (PLM) induce an inflammation response through Toll-like receptor(TLRé2 in human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) cells.

METHODSHuman THP-1 monocytes were challenged with PLM in vitro. The mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, proinflammatory cytokine [interleukin(IL)-6], and chemokine (IL-8) were assayed by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The secretions of IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of TLR2 was analyzed with Western blot.

RESULTSPLM increased the mRNA expressions and secretions of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8) in THP-1 cells (all P=0.0000). PLM up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2 (P=0.0000), whereas the mRNA level of TLR4 was not altered. PLM hydrolyzed with β-D-mannoside manno hydrolase failed to induce gene and protein expressions of TLR2, IL-6, and IL-8. Anti-TLRS-neutralizing antibody blocked the PLM-induced secretions of IL-6 and IL-8 in THP-1 cells (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0010).

CONCLUSIONCanidada albicans-native PLM may contribute to the inflammatory responses during Candida infection in a TLR2-dependent manner.

Candida albicans ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycolipids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 2 ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

AIMTo study the preparation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) nanoparticles and compare its pharmacokinetic characteristics with Neoral.

METHODSHPMCP nanoparticles loaded cyclosporine A were prepared by solvent-nonsolvent method. CyA-HP50 nanoparticles, CyA-HP55 nanoparticles and Neoral were orally administered at the dosage of 15 mg x kg(-1) to rats. The CyA concentration in blood were determined by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 program.

RESULTSThe concentration-time data of the three preparations were best fit by two compartment model. The relative bioavailability of CyA-HP50 and CyA-HP55 nanoparticles calculated by the AUC0-72 were 82.3% and 119.6%, bioequivalent to the reference of Neoral. The relative bioavailability of CyA-HP55 nanoparticles was 145.3% of CyA-HP50 nanoparticles.

CONCLUSIONCyA HPMCP nanoparticles could be prepared easily and reproducibly. It was found that the oral absorption of CyA can be increased by using the HPMCP nanoparticles.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Cyclosporine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Nanostructures ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIIC) on the postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

METHODSIn HIIC group, patients received HIIC (mitomycin C 30 mg and cisplatin 100 mg were added into 2000 ml distilled water, heated to 42 approximately 45 degrees C, perfused to abdominal cavity for 30 min and then sucked) and intravenous chemotherapy after operation (5- FU 10 approximately 15 mg/kg, mitomycin C 0.1 approximately 0.15 mg/kg, adriamycin 0.5 approximately 1 mg/kg i.v drip, once a week for 2 approximately 3 weeks). In control group, patients received intravenous chemotherapy only. The postoperative metastatic rate and survival rate (1- , 3- and 5- year) of patients were compared between 92 cases of AGC undergone HIIC and 120 cases of AGC without HIIC (control group).

RESULTSThe peritoneal recurrence rates after operations occurred within two years were 14.1% and 37.5% in HIIC group and control group respectively (P < 0.01). The 1- , 3- , and 5- year survival rates in HIIC group were 98.9%, 68.5%, and 52.2% and in control group 95.0%, 56.7% and 37.5% respectively. The 3- , and 5- year survival rates were significantly different between the two the groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHIIC can kill isolated intraperitoneal cancer cells, reduce peritoneal recurrence rate after operations, raise significantly survival rate of patient, and improve the prognosis of AGC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intraoperative Period ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; Oxonic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Stomach Neoplasms ; therapy ; Young Adult