Air ; analysis ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry ; methods ; Workplace

One hundred and seventy-two strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from Taxus mairei,Cephalotaxus fortunei and Torreya grandis cv.merrillia.The result of the antifungal assay shows that ninety strains of the fungi have antagonism against one or more botanical pathogenic fungi,such as Neurospora sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Fusarium sp.etc.The percentage of antifungal strains to tested strains are as follows:40% Cephalotaxus fortunei,54.2% Taxus mairei,57.1% Torreya grandis cv.merrillia.Thirty-five strains have high antifungal activities,and their inhibition zone diameter is at least 15mm.The active endophytic fungi were identified as 18 genera,most of which belong to Paecilomyces and Fusarium etc.

Lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a member of integrin family, that plays an important role in the adhesion of lymphocytes with other cells and matrix. To investigate the role of LFA-1 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the incidence of CIA, histological and radiological assessments in the LFA-1 deficient (LFA-1~ -/- ) mice and control mice were examined. LFA-1~ -/- mice and control mice were immunized with 100?g collagen type II(CII) emulsified with an equal volume of Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA), followed by the booster injection of the same amount of CII in CFA on day 21. Then, clinical, histological and radiological assessments were done. It showed that 57% control mice developed arthritis and apparently changed in the histological and radiological assessment, whereas the all of LFA-1~ -/- mice had the normal histological and radiographic response and none developed arthritis. These results suggeste that LFA-1 is indispensable for the onset of CIA.

Objective To probe into the impact on sperm motility in male rat induced by fluorine poisoning, and provide experimental basis to further research for reproductive toxicity of fluoride. Methods According to bodyweight, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose group( 100,200,300 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) NaF), and were treated by intragastric administration for 90 days, and the weight of the rats was observed each day. After the last intragastric administration, all rats were killed. The relative weight of liver, kidney and testis was calculated. Rat epididymides were plucked off and spermatozoa released from it. Sperm motility parameters were measured by WLJY-9000 color-detection system of sperm quality. Results Compared with high-dose group[(206.00 ± 18.16)g], the weight of low-dose and medium-dose group [ (235.00 ± 14.56), (235.44 ± 24.99)g] in 30 days were statistically significant increased(all P < 0.05) ; there were no significant differences between the groups in 60 days and in 90 days(F = 0.578,1.893, all P > 0.05). Comparison of organ coefficient of liver, kidney and testis among three groups showed no significant difference(F = 2.148,0.907, 1.801, all P > 0.05). The average path velocity(VAP) of the high-dose group[ (25.04 ± 4.59)μm/s] showed significant increase compared with control group[ (20.22 ± 3.29)μm/s] ; the straight line velocity(VSL) of the low- dose, medium-dose and high-dose group[ (18.82± 3.19), (17.84 ± 4.54), (16.46 ± 2.63)μm/s] showed significant increase compared with control group[ ( 12.48 ± 1.73 ) μm/s ] ; linearity (LIN) of the low-dese, medium-dose and high.dose group[(23.84±1.58)%,(24.99±3.37)%,(26.75±5.07)%]showed significant decrease compared with control group[(33.29±4.00)%];wobble(WOB)of the medium-dose and high-dose group[(47.03±3.98)%,(4921±723)%]showed significant increase compared with control group[(38.09±0.48)%];mean angular deviation (MAD)of the low-dose group[(68.29±5.71)radian/s]showed significant decrease compared with control group [(81.57±8.44)radian/s];beat cross frequency(BCF)ofthe high-dose group[(117±0.61)/s]showed significant increase compared with control group[(9.49±0.34)/s];sperm density(p)of the low-dose and medium-dose group [(1.26±0.24)×10~9/L,(1.84±0.50)×10~9/L]showed significant decrease compared with control group [(3.94±1.10)×10~9/L,all P<0.05].Comparison of the eurvilinearvelocity(VCL),straightness(STR),amplitude of lateral head displacement(ALH)among three groups showed no significant difference(F=0.264,2.209,1.667, all P>0.05).Conclusion Fluorine poisoning could change sperm motility parameters of the rat,reduce the sperm density and cau8e damage to the reproductive system.

OBJECTIVETo identify the expression characteristics of the 1700001022RIK (RIKEN cDNA 1700001022) gene in mice and explore its function by bioinformatic analysis.

METHODSUsing the expression profile of gene microarray, we detected the expression of a new testis-specific gene, 1700001022RIK, in mice. We analyzed its expression characteristics in the testis tissue and their changes in different developmental stages of the testis by RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We performed bioinformatic analysis using a bioinformatic software.

RESULTSThe 1700001022RIK gene was specifically expressed in the mouse testis in an age-dependent manner, most highly in the adult mice. The 1700001022RIK protein was mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of the adult mice. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the 1700001022RIK protein amino acid sequence had a high similarity in human and mice, which indicated that this gene was highly conserved in mammals.

CONCLUSION1700001022RIK is a testis-specific gene mainly expressed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and round spermatids of seminiferous tubules, which might be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Expression ; Genomics ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones ; genetics ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics ; Spermatogonia ; Testis

Objective To master the status in control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Gansu province and to provide the basis for development of control strategies. Methods One county which reached the national standardization of IDD elimination was selected randomly from each of 14 cities of Gansu province in 2009, then one town was selected respectively from five directions (east, south, west, north, and central) of the above selected counties. One village was chosen from every town which was selected for investigating household iodized salt and iodized salt sales network. At the same time the thyroid of children was examined, their urinary iodine (UI) was determined, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children were measured and health education was surveyed in one primary school which was chosen in each of the selected town. Results A total of 1420 edible salt samples were tested;the weighted iodized salt coverage rate and the weighted qualified iodized salt rate were 99.53% and 98.15 respectively. Urine samples were collected from 1761 children included in the study. The urinary iodine median was 225.87 μg/L. The urinary iodine medians were at optimal levels in five counties, over the optimal levels in seven counties and at excessive levels in two counties. A total of 3051 children aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected for thyroid examination. The weighted thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of children was 1.9%, and TGR was higher than 5% only in Hoaggu county. IQ of 2815 children was tested and the mean IQ was 105.3, except for the country of Zhuoni and Kangle, the mean IQ of other counties were over 100. The average score of health education was 3.2.Children of 57.08% (1229/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could lead to mental retardation, 71.76% (1544/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could cause thyroid goiter, 68.04%( 1465/2153 ) knew that eating iodized salt was the best method for IDD prevention and control and 61.82%(1331/2153) informed their families of the benefits of eating iodized salt. Each town had one agency selling iodized salt and each village had one more retail store with iodized salt, but 73.5%(75/102) of the stores without license for the sales. Conclusions Great progress has been made on the prevention and control of IDD in Gansu province. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate has reached the national standard for IDD elimination, TGR has decreased markedly, the urinary iodine levels in more counties are over the optimal levels and iodized salt distribution network is basically sound. But progress in health education is uneven.

OBJECTIVETo understand the demography changes and behaviors in drug users.

METHODSelf-reported questionnaires was used and longitudinal investigation was conducted in one of the detoxication centers in Beijing in 1998 and 2000. Drug users were randomly chosen.

RESULTSResults showed that age of drug users tend to become younger with the numbers of drug users aged below 25, increased from 18.7% in 1998 to 28.2% in 2000. Majority of drug users remained males, but the proportion of females seemed to increase. Distribution of occupation showed that the largest increase fell among individual enterprisers, from 15.2% in 1998 to 25.9% in 2000. With educational back-ground, the proportion of lower than elementary education level, including illiterate, increased. Fifty percent of drug users were unmarried which increased from 40.8% in 1998 to 53.2% in 2000. Needle sharing was quite common, 16.5% in 1998 and 11.9% in 2000, but the decrease was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Fifty-seven point three percent of the injecting drug users did not have constant partners to share equipments. Proportion of extra-marriage sexual practice increased from 12.5% in 1998 to 27.5% in 2000, and significant difference (Chi-square = 12.50, P < 0.001). Multiple partners in extra-married drug users was also found (mean = 2). Compared to 1998, condom use during every sexual practice increased in 2000, but 47.7% drug users still never used condom.

CONCLUSIONIn summary, as the quick increase of drug users, sharing of injecting equipment and high-risk sexual behavior, including multiple partners and unprotected sex, were quite common, with the possibility of HIV epidemic in drug users.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Ductus Arteriosus ; abnormalities ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Rubella Syndrome, Congenital ; complications

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex

Chimerism ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Liver Transplantation