Objective To develop a sensitive HPLC method for the determination of malachite green in fresh water. Methods The HPLC column of ZORBAX SB-C18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was employed and acetonitrile and acetate buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH=4.5, V∶V=80∶20) were taken as the mobile phase. The samples were tested at wave length of 588 nm after post-column oxidation with PbO2 flowed at 1.5 ml/min. Results The average recovery rate were 98.5% and 97.8% respectively at the water concentration of 2.0 ?g/L and 10.0 ?g/L,the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 11.2% and 8.0%,the least detection limit was 0.02 ?g/L. Conclusion The method is stable,sensitive and suitable for the detection of malachite green in water.

It was widely believed that the interaction between rice and rice blast fungus can be interpreted by the gene-for-gene hypothesis. Two interaction models between rice blast fungus and anti-disease genes had been briefed. They were receptor-ligand model and guard model. The progress of research about molecular marker and position on avirulence genes of the pathogens of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) was reviewed, and the methods to clone and the cloned avirulence genes of rice blast fungus were also summarized.

1.0?10~7 copies/mL. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be observed in 6 placental tissues and 3 fetus' liver tissues,and HBcAg was also positive in 1 case of fetus' liver tissue.After co-incubating the tropho- blastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro,HBsAg expression and HBV DNA could be detected.Apoptosis of HBV-infected trophoblastic cells increased,which was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments and the apoptosis of placental cells was correlated with the cord blood HBV DNA level.The results of in vitro experiments showed that the apoptosis of trophoblastic cells increased with the elongation of infection time.After 6 months,1 of 12 newborns was positive for HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBc,6 was positive for anti-HBs.Conclusions The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.The localization and replication of HBV in fetal tissues and organs are probably the important factors of chronic HBV infections in neonates.The apoptosis of trophoblastic cells may be the protective mecha- nism for the placental barrier to block the HBV intra-uterine transmission.

Objective To explore the application of B-mode intra- and post-operative ultrasound in patients with traumatic brain injuries. Methods B-mode intra- and post-operative ultrasound were performed 35 times in 24 patients, including 7 times of intra-operation in 7 patients and 28 times of post-operation in 17 patients. Results During operation epidural hematomas in 3 cases as well as intracranial hematomas in 2 cases, subdural hematomas in 1 case, diffused brain swelling in 1 case were found. After operation epidural hematomas were examined in 4 cases as well as subdural hematomas in 1 case, delayed intracranial hematomas in 6 cases, scattered contusion and laceration of the brain in 12 cases, acute obstructive hydrocephalus in 1 case, and subdural hydroma in 4 cases. Six cases underwent operations again because of delayed hematomas, contusion and laceration of the brain. B-mode ultrasound was compared with CT scan and the total coincidence rate was 85.4%.Conclusions B-mode ultrasound is helpful to examine delayed hematomas and other emergent complications. It may save time and may improve rescue rate and has a good coincidence with CT scan. B-mode ultrasound may be widely used as a routine way in neurotrauma ICU.

Objective To describe the MR manifestations of demyelinating pseudotumor of the central nervous system (CNS), and to discuss the pathologic features and MR diagnostic value and limit in this disease entity. Methods Seven pathologically proved and one clinically proved cases of demyelinating pseudotumor of CNS were studied with MR imaging, and the MR imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Results MR imaging demonstrated localized mass without adjacent multiple accompanying lesions in all 8 cases. On T 1WI, the lesions showed homogenous low signal in 5 cases, inhomogenous low signal in 2 cases, and mixed high and low signal in 1 case. On T 2WI, the lesions presented as homogenous high signal in 5 cases and inhomogenous high signal in 3 cases. Of the 7 cases with Gd DTPA administration, marked enhancement was seen in each case. The enhancement pattern of vertical distribution to the lateral ventricle was demonstrated in left frontoparietal lobe in one case, and predominant dorsal white matter enhancement of the cervical spinal cord was revealed in another case. Follow up MR imaging showed no lesion recurrence, and gradual shrinkage of the lesion after steroid therapy was demonstrated in one case. Conclusion It is a difficult task to make the correct diagnosis of CNS demyelinating pseudotumor based on the clinical information and imaging findings, and this disease entity is often misdiagnosed as tumor by MR imaging. Thorough analysis of the clinical history and careful observation of MR manifestations (especially contrast enhanced MR findings) would be helpful in diagnosing the demyelinating pseudotumor and, in such circumstances, providing test steroid therapy, thus avoiding the devastating injury caused by surgery or radiation therapy.

Objective　To study the effect of IFN-γ inhalation via aerosol on cytokines of the immunocompromised rats. Methods　Immunocomprised rat model was established with cortisol acetate injection for 14 d and then Candida albicans fluid was injected by tracheal for establishing am immuno comprised with pulmonary infection model. IFN-γ was inhaled with aerosol 1 d before the bacterium injection and then for 1, 3 and 7 d respectively. The activity of TNF-α, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant of the cultured alveolar macrophage(AM), the activity of IFN-γ and TNF-α in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the expressions of IFN-γ,TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the lung tissues, the level of IFN-γ,IL-1β, and IL-6 in the serum were investigated. Results　The activity of TNF-α, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the culture supernatant of the AM of the rats treated with IFN-γ were significantly higher than those of the control. The activity of IFN-γ and TNF-α in BALF was higher in the IFN-γ inhaled rats than in the control (except the activity of TNF-α on the 7th day). The expressions of IFN-γ and IL-1β in lung tissues was higher in the rats treated with IFN-γ than in the control. The expression of TNF-α in the rats treated with IFN-γ was less than that in the control rats. The expression of IL-6 had no difference between 2 groups. And no difference was found in the activity of IFN-γ, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum between 2 groups(except IL-1β on the 3rd day). Conclusion　Administration of IFN-γ via aerosol can obviously increase the activity or levels of some cytokines in the lung of the immunocompromised rats, but has no effect on them in serum of the immunocompromised rats.

OBJECTIVETo determine the content of baicalin in Scutellaria baicalensis callus induced by different doncentrations of exogenous hormones.

METHODHPLC system was adopted to determine baicalin in S. baicalensis callus. Chromatographic conditions: ODS column was adopted, with methanol-water-phosphate (47: 53: 0.2) as the mobile phase. The flow velocity was 1 mL x min(-1), the detective wavelength was 280 nm, and the temperature of column was room temperature.

RESULTS. baicalensis callus induced by 6-BA 1.0 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.5 mg x L(-1) showed the highest baicalin content, up to 49.78 mg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe experiment is such a simple, rapid and stable method for determining the baicalin content that it can be used for determining the baicalin content in S. baicalensis callus.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ; pharmacology ; Benzyl Compounds ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavonoids ; metabolism ; Kinetin ; pharmacology ; Naphthaleneacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Purines ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

Female ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; transmission ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of huoxuehuayu decoction on macula after phacoemulsification. Into A, B groups. The 80 eyes of A group were treated by conventional phacoemulsification; the patients (60 eyes) of B group were given huoxuehuayu decoction orally for two courses after phacoemulsification. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal and aqueous conditions ,thickness of macular central fovea and changes of macular retinal tissue in A, B groups were observed before surgery, 1 day; 1 week,2,4,6,8 weeks and 3 months after surgery. Was significantly higher than that of group A. One week after surgery the ratio of mild aqueous flare in group B was significantly lower than that of group A. The thickness of central fixation was significantly increased in both groups 1 week, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and 3 months after phacoemulsification; the difference between 2 to 8 weeks after surgery and pre-operation showed statistical significance in both groups. 11 eyes in A group had macular edema during 2 to 6 weeks after surgery, including 9 eyes with fovea thickened and 2 eyes with cystoid macular edema, and seven eyes' edema disappeared in 3 months. 2 eyes in B group had macular edema, including 1 eye fovea thickened and 1 eye cystoid macular edema, during 4 to 6 weeks after surgery, and the two eyes' edema disappeared 3 months after surgery. The fovea thickness in group B during 2 to 8 weeks after surgery was statistically lower than group A. Phacoemulsification.

Background Macular edema following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a main factor to influent visual function.The administration of traditional medicine can relieve tissue edema,but its preventive and treatment efficacy on macular edema after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation remaines unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effect of huoxuehuayu decoction on macula after phacoemulsification with IOL implantation.Methods A case-controlled observational study was designed.One hundred and eighty eyes of 150 patients with age-related cataract were randomized into operation group and operation + medicine group.Phacoemulsification with IOL implantation was performed in both groups,but huoxuehuayu decoction was orally administered for 14 days in operation+medicine group.The best corrected visual acuity,inflammatory reaction of the ocular anterior segment,and macular edema were recorded before operation and 1 week,2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks,and the central macular thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography.Results Twelve weeks after surgery,the ratio of visual acuity ≥ 1.0 was in significantly higher in operation+medition group than that of in operation group (x2 =1.066,P＞0.05).One week after surgery,the eyes of the aqueous flare were much nore in the operation group than that of operation+medicine group(x2 =9.341,P＜0.05).The thickness of the central fovea was significantly increased in both groups at 1 week,2,4,6,8 and 12 weeks after surgery,showing significant differences in comparison with preoperation (operation group:P ＜ 0.01 ; operation + medicine group:P ＜0.05).Macular edema occurred in 13 eyes in operation group during the following-up duration,including 11 eyes with thickened fovea and 2 eyes with cystoid macular edema.Maeular edema disappeared in 10 eyes 12 weeks later.In the operation+medition group,3 eyes happened macular edema,including thickened fovea in 2 eye and cystoid macular edema in 1 eye.Four to six weeks after surgery,macular edema disappeared in 3 eyes 12 weeks later.The fovea thickness in the operation+medicine group was statistically significantly lower from 2 through 8 weeks after surgery than that in the operation group(t=2.315,2.323,3.104,2.470,P＜0.05).Conclusions Oral administration of huoxuehuayu decoction is helpful for the restoration of the anterior ocular segment.Huoxuehuayu decoction can protect macula from the edema induced by phacoemulsification.