The ischemic heart disease has been endangering human health seriously. Although there are many kinds of anti-ischemic drugs, most of them are lacking in tissue specificity, which together with a remarkably reduced blood circulation in the ischemic zone often lead to a quite low drug distribution in the targets. Myocardial ischemia can cause a lot of pathophysiological changes, such as the enhanced permeability of the endothelial cell membrane, the up-regulated expression of various cell adhesion molecules on endothelium, the exposure of intracellular antigenic components, the decrease of pH within the ischemic zone, and so on. To date, some of these changes have been exploited with limited success to gain the passive, active and physicochemical targeting of diagnostic or therapeutic drugs to myocardial ischemic regions. However, more effective delivery strategies are still eagerly needed. Here, we reviewed and discussed the potential targeting-delivery mechanisms and strategies, used or may be used in the future, for myocardial ischemic regions.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Capillary Permeability ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; therapy ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Polyethylene Glycols ; metabolism ; Ultrasonics

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) for the treatment of macular edema caused by pre-retinal membrane of the macular.
METHODS: Totally 23 patients ( 24 eyes ) with macular edema caused by pre-retinal membrane of the macular were treated withintravitreal injection of 4mg TA. Best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , intraocular pressure ( IOP ) , slit - lamp examination, fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed before and after treatment. The SPSS 12. 0 software was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: After 10, 30, 90d of treatment of TA, as compared with before treatment, visual acuity improved significantly ( P<0. 05 ), and central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly thinner (P<0. 01). The average central macular thickness decreased from 522 ± 126μm before treatment to 264±115μm, 245±128μm, 286±131μm at 10, 30, 90d after treatment. Macular edema reduced. IOP increased in 7 eyes ( 29%) , one cataract case, no other complications associated with vitreous injection.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TA in the treatment of macular edema caused by pre - retinal membrane of the macular is simple, safe and easy to operate. It can quickly reduce macular edema, and improve the visual acuity in the short term. Part of patients may recur after injection in the first half of the year.

Objective　To compare the Immunoreactivity of various HEV Antigen with Anti-HEV IgM. Methods Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay( EIA ) was developed for detecting anti-HEV IgM by using synthetic peptides E30, E42, E33, and recombinant antigen from HEV ORF-2. Results Of 60 anti-HEV positive sera by using E30, E42, E33 and recombinant antigen as coating antigen, Anti-HEV IgM positive rates were 76.7%, 26.6%, 18.3% and 66.7% respectively. In Acute-phase and convalescence-phase sera of the patients with Hepatitis E, Anti-HEV IgM positive rate was 90% and 3.3% respectively. Conclusions The HEV E30-based EIA will be very useful in the early diagnosis of Hepatitis E.

OBJECTIVETo choose the best retraction agent for the clinic by evaluating the gingival inflammation related to three kinds of retraction agents.

METHODS40 maxillary premolars were divided into four groups according to the randomized block design: Ferric sulfate group, aluminum chloride group, epinephrine group, sodium chloride group(control group), each 10 teeth, respectively used 25% AlCl3, 15.5% Fe2(SO4)3, 0.1% HCl-epinephrine, sodium chloride as retraction agents. The quantity of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the active level of aspartate amino-transferase (AST) in gingival crevicular fluid were measured before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 days after retracting gingiva by four kinds retraction agents. The changes of GCF were calculated.

RESULTSThe change of the GCF from the smallest to the largest was sodium chloride, 0.1% HCl-epinephrine, 25% AlCl,, 15.5% Fe2 (SO)3. Compared with sodium chloride, only 15.5% Fe2 (SO)3 in AST was the significant difference in the first day and the third day (P < 0.05). AST of ferric sulfate group after 1, 3 days greater than 800 IU.

CONCLUSION0.1% HCl-epinephrine is suggested in patient without cardiovascular disease. For patient with cardiovascular disease, the better substitute is 25% AlCl3. 15.5% Fe2 (SO4)3 will not be used until its concentration is fallen.

Aluminum Compounds ; Chlorides ; Epinephrine ; Gingiva ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Humans ; Incisor ; Inflammation

Apyrase activities in some tissues and cells, such as peripheral vascular endothelial cells, have been reported, but these in endocardium endothelial cells have not been reported. The present study was to characterise the properties of bovine endocardium endothelial cells (BEEC)-associated apyrase. Apyrase activity was assayed by inorganic phosphate release, which could be inhibited concentration-dependently by NaN3, an apyrase inhibitor. NaF (20 mmol/L), another inhibitor of apyrase, also markedly inhibited the activity. EDTA or EGTA (1 mmol/L) could also inhibit the activity completely. However, the inhibitor for Na+/K+-ATPase, ouabain (3 mmol/L) did not affect the enzyme activity. BEEC apyrase activity was dependent on divalent cations (Ca2+ or Mg2+) and pH value.

Objective To investigate the effects of Matrine on Akt protein expression in the myocardial tissue in mice with viral myocarditis(VMC) and to approach Matrine's protective mechanism.Methods Four-week-old healthy male Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2ml of 100TCID50 Coxsackie virus B3(CVB3) every day(the.total is for 3 days) to construct VMC animal model. A total of 120 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:Matrine treatment groups including high does(80 mg/kg), midst does (40 mg/kg) , lower does (20 mg/kg); Ribavirin group; virus group and control group.The medicine treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal volume solution starting from 60minutes after CVB3 were inoculated in the last time, the total days of administering medicine is for10 days.And control group were injected with 0.2ml of 0.9% sodium chloride instead of medicine. Six animals were killed in the 5th and the 10th day after administering medicine in each group for determination apoptosis (by Tunel method). Protein expression of Phospho-AktSer-473 were detected in the 10th day after treatment (by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot respectively). Results Compared with control group, apoptotic cells in virus group were increased (P＜0.05). The groups of Matrine treatment can significantly decrease apoptosis of myocardial tissue of VMC animals, and Matrine(40 mg/kg) can significantly increase phosphorylation of Aktser-473 in the myocardial tissue as compared with virus group. Conclusion Matrine can reduce myocardium apoptosis of VMC animals by promoting phosphorylation of AktSer-473 in the myocardial tissue to provides concrete protection against CVB3 infection.

Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, and is categorized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Following the concerted efforts for more than 70 years, great achievements have been made in the national schistosomiasis control program in China, and the prevalence, disability and mortality due to schistosomiasis has remarkably dropped. Nevertheless, the frequent identification of imported schistosomiasis and the resulting potential transmission risk in mainland China have been recently paid much attention following the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative” and the China-Africa Cooperation Forum. This review describes the advances in the diagnostic tools for schistosomiasis, including pathogenic techniques, immunodiagnostic techniques and nucleic acid assays, in order to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements and promote the capability for detection of external biological safety risks.

Objective To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of 10 anti-rheumatic constituents illegally added in Chinese traditional medicine and health products preparation.Methods The column was ACQUITY UPLC BEHC18 (50 mm× 2.1 mm,1.7 μm),The mobile phase was acetonitrile-Ammonium acetate solution (containing 0.1％ Acetic acid) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.The ion source was electrospray ionization (ESI),Multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed to identify and quantify 10 anti-rheumatic constituents.Results 10 linear calibration curves were obtained with r ≥ 0.996 1.The recoveries were determinated at three concentration and ranged from 92.5％ to 101.8％.The precision of the method was shown by RSD (n =5) ranged from 0.9％ to 3.1％.The ranges of limit of detection were from 0.001 5 to 0.018 μg,and quantitation were from 0.004 5 to 0.55 μg.The illegally added chemicals were detected with 10 batches of 27 batches of samples.Conclusion The method were simple,sensitivity,accurate,and can be used to detect Anti-rheumatic constituents illegally added in Chinese traditional medicine and health products.

OBJECTIVETo establish a human ovarian cancer-bearing mouse model via orthotopic transplantation of human HO-8910 cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP).

METHODSGFP-expressing human ovarian carcinoma HO8910/GFP cells (2 x 10(6)) in exponential phase of growth were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice, and the generated tumor tissues were collected and transplanted below the capsule of the left ovary of 6 nude mice. The growth of the tumors was observed in vivo using a fluorescence stereomicroscope. The nude mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after transplantation to assess the tumor growth and metastasis.

RESULTSThe tumors showed progressive growth at the orthotopic sites in all animals. Two weeks after the transplantation, green fluorescent mass was observed at the left costovertebral angle, and the mass increased thereafter and invaded or metastasized to the peritoneum, omentum, spleen, liver, uterus, and the pelvic lymph nodes, with a metastatic rate as much as 66.7%.

CONCLUSIONThe nude mouse model bearing orthotopic human ovarian carcinoma expressing GFP has been successfully established.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous

This study was aimed to investigate the correlation between HLA gene distribution and allele frequency of the patients with leukemia. PCR-SSP technique was used to detect the HLA genotype of 2994 umbilical cord blood units from healthy newborns (as control), the detecting result of which was compared with HLA genotypes of 1246 patients with leukemia searched in our cord blood bank. The differences between two groups were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that as compared with the control group, the allele frequencies of HLA-B*56 (0.56%), B*70 (0.24%) obviously increased (RR = 2.2546, 6.2598, χ(2) = 5, 5.98, P < 0.05), while the allele frequencies of HLA-A*03 (3.45%), A*30 (4.86%), B*13 (8.75%), B44* (3.25%), B61* (5.70%), DRB1*07 (8.23%), DRB1*15 (14.21%) obviously decreased in patients with leukemia (RR = 0.5889, 0.7187, 0.7359, 0.5713, 0.7127, 0.6242, 0.7976, χ(2) = 19.23, 9.82, 14.33, 20.48, 11.99, 33.21, 11.56, P < 0.01). It is concluded that HLA-B*56, B*70 alleles seem to be characterized by the genetic susceptibility to leukemia and may be served as risk markers for leukemia occurrence, while the HLA-A*03, A*30, B*13, B*44, B*61, DRB1*07, DRB1*15 can be considered as genetic indicators for resistance of leukemia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult