Diverticulum ; congenital ; Female ; Humans ; Tracheal Diseases ; congenital

The TCM theory "moxibustion shouldn't be applied at Shimen (CV 5) on female" is discussed in this article, which provides theoretical instruction on proper clinical application of Shimen (CV 5). Based on literature study, ancient classics concerning contraindication of "moxibustion shouldn't be applied at Shimen (CV 5) on female" were studied. TCM theory "moxibustion shouldn't be applied at Shimen (CV 5) on female" was explored profoundly through ancient record, physiological relations between Shimen (CV 5) and pregnancy, the relation between the anatomic structure of Shimen (CV 5) and the extra acupoint Jueyun Xue. And the result indicated that as an acupoint with contraindications, Shimen (CV 5) should be attached with great importance in its clinical practice on female patients. Reinforcing manipulation should be given instead of reducing. Moxibustion should be applied with cautiousness on the point, especially during pregnancy.
Acupuncture Points ; China ; Contraindications ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Moxibustion ; history ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the significance of sonic hedgehog (Shh), indian hedgehog (Ihh), smoothened (Smo) and patched (Ptch) expressions in uterine cervical lesions and their relationships with HPV type 16 infection.

METHODSTotally 183 cases of cervical lesions, including 32 non-neoplastic cervix, 71 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (28 CINI, 18 CINII, and 25 CINIII) and 80 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were selected from the Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian Women Hospital, and Yanbian Tumor Hospital. Shh, Ihh, Ptch and Smo proteins expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarry platform, and the presence of HPV type 16 was detected by PCR method.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical staining showed that the frequencies of Shh, Ihh, Ptch and Smo expression were rare in normal cervical epithelium, but were strongly expressed in cervical cancer and its precursor lesions (CINII/III) (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). In cervical cancer, the expression rate of Shh (95%) was higher than that of CIN (CINI to CINIII) (46.4%, 61.1%, 80.0%, respectively, P < 0.05). HPV16 was positive in 77.5% of SCC. In cervical cancer, the expression of Shh was related with HPV16 infection (P < 0.05), and the expression of Smo was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSShh, Ihh, Ptch, and Smo genes may play important roles in the development of cervical cancer. Detection of Hedgehog signaling pathway molecules seems helpful for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, and are potentially therapeutic targets as well.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Patched Receptors ; Patched-1 Receptor ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smoothened Receptor ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical efficacy of hip replacement for hip-joint diseases with Parkinson disease.

METHODSFrom December 2011 to December 2016, 18 patients with hip-joint diseases with Parkinson disease treated by hip replacement, including 8 males and 10 females aged from 59 to 87 years old with an average of 71 years old. Among them, 3 cases were developmental dysplasia of hip, 3 cases were femoral head necrosis and 12 cases were femoral neck fracture. All patients manifested with obvious pain and limitation of stepping ability. Postoperative complications were observed and Harris score were used to compare hip joint function after operation.

RESULTSThe incision were healed well, and pain were alleviated or disappeared, and hip joint function were improved. Eighteen patients were followed up from 1 to 3 years with an average of 2.3 years. At the latest follow up, 14 cases recovered freedom-walk, 2 cases could walk with walking stick, 1 case could walk with walking aid and 1 case was died. Among 18 patients, 2 cases were occurred dislocation, and 1 case were died for cardiac disease at 3 months after operation. Four patients were occurred slight pain. There were significant differences in Harris scores among preoperative (41.7±1.4), 6 months after operation(80.1±5.4) and the final follow-up (83.4±2.1), and 10 cases got excellent result, 4 good, 1 fair and 2 poor.

CONCLUSIONSApplication of hip replacement for hip-joint diseases with Parkinson disease is a safe and effective clinical therapy, and has advantages of less complications and rapid recovery of hip joint function.

OBJECTIVETo retrospective analysis the mid-term follow-up effect of hip joint replacement in elderly patients with failure of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip joint internal fixation.

METHODSFrom December 2008 to December 2011, 32 elderly patients underwent arthroplasty after intertrochanteric fracture fixation failure, of which, 4 death cases were excluded from the study, and the remaining 28 cases were in the study group. The age of patients ranged from 69 to 83 years old with a mean of 75 years old. The time from the internal fixation to the hip replacement were 8 to 72 months. Among them, 6 patients were Evans I type, 11 patients were Evans II type, 9 patients were Evans III type, and 2 patients were Evans IV type. Nine cases showed fracture of the lateral plate before operation, while 15 cases were femoral head screw cut-out and 4 cases were screw loosening. Harris score was used to compare the changes of hip function before operation with the final follow-up. Imaging results(X-ray) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were performed during the follow-up.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 4 to 7 years with an average of 5.3 years. Pain was significantly reduced or disappeared in patients compared with pre-operation. And hip function was significantly improved. Two cases had moderate pain after the physical activity and 4 cases had mild pain after the physical activity. At the final follow-up, 19 patients resumed free walking, 8 patients required walking with walking sticks, and 1 patient needed walking aid. The Harris scores improved from preoperative 34.9±2.4 to 83.4±5.7 at the final follow-up, among them, 15 cases were classified as excellent, 10 as good, 2 as fair, and 1 as poor. X-ray examination showed no prosthesis loosening and sinking fracture.

CONCLUSIONSSalvage THA surgery could improve the hip function and the quality of life for old patients with intertrochanteric fracture fixation failure, and the middle-term follow-up results support that.

To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) protocol for patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of fifty relapsed patients have been enrolled, including 13 early relapsed and 37 late relapsed. 24 patients were male and 26 were female, with age ranging from 15 to 69 (median 47) years. Out of them, 7 patients relapsed after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT), 3 patients relapsed after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT), 25 patients relapsed after received regimens including high dose cytarabine and 15 patients relapsed after CR or stopping chemical therapy themself in course of consolidatory therapy. 30 relapsed patients received CAG regimen, and 20 patients (control group) received an anthracycline in combination with cytarabine. The results indicated that after one course, the complete remission (CR) rate was 46.7% (14/30), the CR rate after allo-PBSCT was 50% (3/6), the early death rate was 3.3% in CAG group; and CR rate was 30% (6/20) and the early death rate was 15% in control group. Myelosuppression was mild to moderate, and no severe nonhematologic toxicity was observed in two groups. The overall median times in CAG group and control group were 22 and 19 months respectively. In conclusion, CAG regimen as the induction therapy is effective and well tolerable with low side effects for relapsed patients who had received high dose cytarabine, auto-PBSCT or allo-PBSCT.
Aclarubicin ; administration & dosage ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cytarabine ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the metformin on the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats and discuss its mechanism of liver-protecting activity. After SD rats were fed with high-fat and high-sucrose diet for four weeks, low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to make the animal mode of type 2 diabetes. Then, all diabetic rats was fed with the high-fat diet and metformin (ig, 100 mg x kg(-1)) was given orally to metformin group for four months. After the last administration, fasting blood glucose was determined. The livers were removed to calculate the hepatic coefficient and to make HE and Picro acid-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemistry (alpha-SMA and TGFbeta1) and TUNEL staining in order to evaluate the effect of metformin on the hepatic fibrosis. The animal model of type 2 diabetes with hepatic fibrosis was successfully made. Metformin can significantly alleviate the lesions of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, markedly reduce the expressions of alpha-SMA and TGFbeta1 in liver tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. However, TUNEL staining result suggested that metformin could not reduce apoptosis of hepatocytes. The results suggest that metformin can inhibit the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetes.
Actins ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; drug therapy ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diet, High-Fat ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the tumor-suppressing effect of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in osteosarcoma (OS) and explore its molecular mechanism.

METHODSWe examined the expression levels of miR-218 in 68 pairs of OS and adjacent tissue samples using qRT-PCR. Cultured human OS cell line Saos-2 was transfected with miR-218 mimics or anti-miR-218 mimics, and the cell apoptosis was assessed using CCK-8 assay, annexin V-FITC staining and Western blotting. We also analyzed the potential functional targets of miR-218 in Saos-2 cells using luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe expression level of miR-218 was lowered by at least 8 folds in OS tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues. In cultured Saos-2 cells, transfection with miR-218 mimics for 24, 36, and 48 h resulted in a significant reduction in the cell viability, while transfection with anti-miR-218 mimics significantly increased the cell viability. The cells transfected with miR-218 mimics showed an obviously enhanced expression of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (C-PARP) as compared with the cells transfected with anti-miR-218 mimics and the control cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated obviously increased apoptosis of the cells following miR-218 mimics transfection. We identified the oncogene B lymphoma mouse Moloney leukemia virus insertion region 1 (BMI-1) as a specific target of miR-218 in Saos-2 cells. BMI-1 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in Saos-2 cells overexpressing miR-218 but increased in the cells with miR-218 knockdown as compared to the control cells. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-218 directly inhibited the expression of BMI-1 via binding to its 3'-UTR in OS cells.

CONCLUSIONmiR-218 can promote OS cell apoptosis and plays the role as a tumor suppressor by down-regulating BMI-1.

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults.The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways,such as POLDIP2,resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)pro-duction and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),causing microvascular dysfunction.Dihydromyricetin(DMY)is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant.However,it exhibits poor solubility in physiological environments,has a short half-life in vivo,and has low oral bioavailability.In this study,we present,for the first time,the synthesis of ultra-small Fe-DMY nano-coordinated polymer particles(Fe-DMY NCPs),formed by combining DMY with low-toxicity iron ions.In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that Fe-DMY NCPs alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage to vascular endo-thelial cells by high glucose,scavenge excess ROS,and improve pathological features of DR,such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization.Mechanistic validation indicates that Fe-DMY NCPs can inhibit the activation of the Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 signaling pathway and downregulate vital vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1,HIF-1α,and VEGF.These findings suggest that Fe-DMY NCPs could serve as a safe and effective antioxidant and microangio-protective agent,with the potential as a novel multimeric drug for DR therapy.

There are growing evidences that pinocembrin has better neuroprotective effect. In the present study, the effect of pinocembrin on mitochondrial respiratory function was evaluated in global brain ischemia/ reperfusion (4-vessel occlusion, 4-VO) rats. The results showed that pinocembrin improved the respiratory activity of 4-VO brain mitochondria, through increasing ADP/O, state 3 respiration state (V3), respiration control rate index (RCI) and oxidative phosphorylation rate (OPR). And then, the effect of pinocembrin on brain mitochondria was verified in vitro. The results showed that pinocembrin increased ADP/O, state 3 respiration state, respiration control rate index, oxidative phosphorylation rate in NADH/FADH2 dependent respiratory chain and decreased state 4 respiration state (V4) in NADH dependent respiratory chain. Pinocembrin improved ATP content in brain mitochondria in vitro and in SH-SY5Y cells.
Adenosine Diphosphate ; metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Respiration ; drug effects ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; physiology ; Neuroblastoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley