Objective The aim of this study was to explore possible pharmacokinetic factors and develop a population pharmacokinetic model for remifentanil in adult patients.Methods Eleven healthy patients,undergoing elective major abdominal surgery,aged 25 to 86 years,received random-ly remifentanil 0.3μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R3),or 0.6μg·kg-1 ·min-1 (group R6).Frequent ar-terial blood samples were drawn according to predetermined time and assayed for remifentanil concen-tration.Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM)was used to evaluate the time courses of the measured concentrations.The covariates include age,bodyweight (WT),gender,lean body mass (LBM),body mass index (BMI)and body surface area (BSA).Results The pharmacokinetic data of remifentanil were well described using a three-compartment linear model with first-order elimination from the central compartment.Forward analysis showed that age,height and body mass index (BMI) does not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters,which are contrast with body weight,lean body mass (LBM),body surface area (BSA)and gender;further analysis demonstrated only a significant effect of body weight on remifentanil systemic clearance (CL)and volume of the central compartment (V). For typical 60 years patients,PK parameters were:V1 =7.64 L,V2 =4.81 L,V3 =4.34 L,CL1 =2.74 L/min,CL2 = 0.738 L/min,CL3 = 0.0905 L/min.Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil is consistent with its rapid elimination by blood and tissue esterase in Chinese patients. The systemic clearance and volume of distribution of central compartment increases with body weight in the population and the range of covariates studied,which suggests that a patient with greater body weight needs a greater initial dose and maintenance infusion rate higher to obtain a stable plasma con-centrations and clinical effects.

Objective:To observe the expression of microRNA (miRNA, miR) -7850 in renal cancer tissues, and to explore the effect of miR-7850 on the proliferation and migration of renal cancer cells and on the regulation of serine proteinase inhibitor B3 (SERPINB3) gene expression.Methods:Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-7850 in renal cancer tissues and renal cancer cell lines. The renal cell carcinoma cell line with the lowest expression of miR-7850 was selected, and the negative control sequence (miR-NC) and miR-7850 mimics were transfected into renal cell carcinoma cells by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent, respectively, which were defined as miR-NC group and miR-7850 group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-7850 in transfected renal cancer cells. The cell proliferation and migration ability after transfection were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and transwell experiment. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments were used to verify the target gene of miR-7850. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of target genes in renal cancer cells after transfection.Results:Compared with adjacent tissues (5.95±0.44), the expression of miR-7850 in kidney cancer tissues (1.19±0.33) was lower ( P<0.01). Compared with immortalized proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (1.01±0.07), the expression of miR-7850 was lower in renal cancer cell lines ( P<0.05), and the lowest in A498 cells (0.13±0.01) ( P<0.01). The expression of miR-7850 in the miR-7850 group (7.46±0.93) was significantly higher than that in the miR-NC group (1.01±0.08) ( P<0.01), indicating successful transfection. Compared with the miR-NC group, the cell proliferation ability of the miR-7850 group was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). The number of migrating cells in miR-NC group and miR-7850 group were (139.50±12.31) and (75.09±16.05) cells, respectively, and the cell migration ability in miR-7850 group decreased significantly ( P<0.01). Bioinformatics technology shows that the target gene of miR-7850 was SERPINB3. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment confirmed that miR-7850 can target the SERPINB3 gene ( P<0.05). Compared with the miR-NC group, the expression of SERPINB3 in cells of miR-7850 group was significantly reduced ( P<0.05), as well as the CDK4, CyclinD, Snail and Vimentin. Conclusions:miR-7850 is lowly expressed in renal cancer tissues and cell lines. miR-7850 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of renal cancer A498 cells, which may be related to its inhibition of SERPINB3 gene expression.

AIM:To compare the higher-order aberrations between implantations of AcrySof and AcrySof ReStor multifocal aspherical intraocular lens(IOL) with various pupil diameters.METHODS:Fifty-four patients(62 eyes)with bilateral senile cataracts were retrospectively selected.Patients were operated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.They were divided into two groups based on the IOL implantation of AcrySof IQ and AcrySof ReStor.Wave front aberration:spherical aberration(C12)and the root mean square of the total higher-order aberration(RMSh)were observed 3 months after surgery.RESULTS:The larger the pupil was, the higher the C12 and RMSh were in the eyes (P<0.01).There were no statistical differences in C12 or RMSh between two groups at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:There are no differences between AcrySof IQ group and AcrySof ReStor group at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters.

Objective To undemtand the rhythm of urinary iodine level of children aged 8-10 in Chongqing city.Methods In April 2008,using the stratified random sampling method,we sampled 60 children aged 8-10 in a lodging primary school in Chongqing(20 per age group,half male and half female),the urine samples were collected in the morning and at 10:00,12:30,16:00,iodine in urine was detected by method of Ce and arsenic catalytic speetrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).The difference of the urinary iodine level was compared by age,sex and time of day.Results The median urinary iodine of 60 children was 265.07μg/L on the overall.Irrespective of the stratification factors,excluding morning urinary iodine(366.75μg/L)and urinary iodine at 10:00(338.30 μg/L),the urinary iodine between 12:30(235.15μg/L)and 16:00(251.50μg/L)was not significant(all P>0.05),statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)were found between any two.The urinary iodine of 8-year-old group at different times of the day was significantly different(all P<0.05),except between morning urinary iodine (298.90 μg/L)and at 10:00,16:00(279.00,286.59 μg/L),between urinary iodine at 10:00 and 16:00(all P>0.05).The 9-year-old group's urinary iodine were not significantly different between morning urine(366.15μg/L)and 10:00(368.10 μg/L),and between 12:30(244.00 μg/L)and 16:00(186.30 μg/L,all P>0.05),significant differences were faund at other times of the day(all P<0.05).The 10-year-old group of urinary iodine changed very little before 12:30 (382.85,449.60,337.00 μg/L, all P > 0.05 ), followed by rapid decline to 16: 00 (269.35 μg/L), and compared with the morning urine and 10:00, there was significant difference(all P < 0.05).Regardless boys or girls, the urinary iodine at different times qf the day was significantly different (all P < 0.05),except between morning urinary iodine(337.32,309.28 μg/L) and at 10:00(316.15,288.27 μg/L), between urinary iodine at 12:30(251.18,211.45 μg/L) and 16:00(235.02,211.45 μg/L, all P > 0.05). Conclusions The change of urinary iodine level in children aged 8 - 10 was not obvious before noon, changes can be seen in the afternoon.Urinary iodine level before 10:00 is indicative.

?AlM: To evaluate the clinical effects and security of posterior chamber implantable Collamer lens ( lCL ) implantation in patients with extreme highly myopia.
?METHODS:ln this study, 18 patients ( 32 eyes ) with extreme highly myopic patients who had undergone posterior chamber lCLs implantation from July 2010 to July 2013 were evaluated. Diopter -10. 5 ~ 19. 0D, and astigmia -0. 5 ~4. 5DC. Changes in intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , refraction, visual acuity and corneal endothelium, anterior chamber depth, iris, high arch, lens were noted at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3mo and 1a after surgery respectively, and follow-up was of 1a.
? RESULTS: Before surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) were 0. 01~0. 05, and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA) were 0. 4 ~ 1. 0. One month after surgery, the UCVA were 0. 5~1. 2. The mean vault were 547±222 μm (95%CI 442~672μm) and 528±268μm (95%CI 354 ~635μm) for 1mo and 1a, respectively (P = 0. 81), and there was no significant difference. Anterior subcapsular opacities in 1 eye, mild and transient increase in lOP in 3 eyes, and chronic pigment dispersion in 2 eyes were observed. There was no serious complication.
?CONCLUSlON: Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is an effective and safe method for correcting patients with extreme highly myopia.

Objective To study the change of the level of serum leptin in children with primary nephritic syndrome(PNS)treated with glucocorticosteroid.Methods Totally 30 PNS patients and 26 healthy children in whom were a matchable age,sex and body mass index(BMI)with the PNS patients were recruited in this study.The PNS patients were treated with prednisone in middle-term or long-term coure of treatment.Serum leptin and BMI of PNS patients were abserved before treatment,after 2,6 months treatment and in the end.The se-rum total cholesteroc(TC)and triglyeride(TG)were abserved in PNS patients after 2,6 months treatment and in the end.Results The se-rum leptin level was(2.75?2.29)?g/L in the PNS patient before treatment and control group was(2.65?2.22)?g/L.There was not significantly different between the PNS patient and control group.The level of serum leptin after 2 months treatment was(9.29?7.19)?g/L and BMI was(18.12?1.90)kg/m2.They were higher than that in control group,6 months treatment and in the end(Pa

Objective To identify seven species of Gynostemma BI.,including G.pentaphyllum,G. pentagynum,G.cardiospermum,G.longipes,G.yixingense,G.laxiflorum,and G.guangxiense,by in- ter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)markers.Methods General DNA was isolated from leaves of the seven species in Gynostemma B1.by CTAB,57 primers constituted by ISSR were tested for PCR and sepharose electrophoresis.Results Fourteen primers amplified polymorphic bands,the amplification patterns of primers UBC-873 and UBC-895 were higher in terms of polymorphic and amplified band ratio.They are used to distinguish all the examined seven species.Conclusion ISSR-PCR Method provides a quick,reli- able molecular marker technique for the identification of different species of Gynostemma B1.

Objective To explore the relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues with the survival time of patients with esophageal carcinoma by examining the apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma tissue and its adjacent tissues.Methods FCM Wag performed to detect the rates of apoptosis in 68 cases of esophageal carcinoma and their adjacent tissues and 28 cases of normal esophageal mucosae tissue.Sixty-three patients with esophageal carcinoma had been followed up and noted the survival time of every patient from the operated day to the deadline.Results The rate of apoptosis was the highest in the normal esophageal mucosae tissue(12.78±1.32)%,(7.79±1.48)% in adjacent tissue,and(4.16±2.06)% in esophageal carcinoma tissue,respectively.To follow the survival time after operation of 63 cases with esophageal carcinoma showed 60 cases in one year survival time and 35 cases in three years survival time.The rate of apoptosis in the esophageal carcinoma and its adjacent tissues wag(3.45±1.51)% and (3.96±0.94)% in the patients of one year survival time,(3.90±2.53)% and (7.89±2.27)% in the patients of three years survival time,respectively,P<0.05.Conclusions There is the phenomenon of apoptosis-escape in the esophageal carcinogenesis.There is close relationship between the apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma tissue and the survival time after operation.The apoptosis in the adjacent tissue is more important than that in the esophageal carcinoma tissue for evaluating the survival time after operation of patients with esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression of early growth response gene-1(Egr-1)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,and to explore the relationship between Egr-1 and the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of Egr-1 mRNA in68 cases of esophageal carcinoma.The relationship between survival time and prognosis was analyzed.Results The expression of Egr-1 mRNA was the lowest(0.567±0.404),(0.945±0.336)and(1.201±0.347)in esophageal carcinoma tissue,para-cancerous tissue and normal esophageal mucosa tissue,respectively(F=12.709,P＜0.05,P＜0.00).21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA of both the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the para-cancerous tissue.21 cases showed the positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA in a single esophageal carcinoma tissue or the para-cancerous tissue.26 cases showed the negative expression of Egr-1 mRNA both in the esophageal carcinoma tissue and the paracancerous tissue.The positive rate of Egr-1mRNA expression was 65.71%and 30.00%in the groups of the survival time for three years and the groups of the survival time for one year(P＜0.05).The survival rates in the two groups with positive expression of Egr-1 mRNA were 94.44%and 86.96%,respectively(P＞0.05).Conclusion Decreased level of EGR1 expression may be related to esophageal carcinogenesis.The expression level of Egr-1 mRNA might be associated with the survival time of the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Egr-1 expression in esophageal carcinoma tissue may be of great value for determining prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.

The present study is to establish Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells and investigate the transport capability of PLGA nanoparticles with different surface chemical properties across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells. PLGA-NPs, mPEG-PLGA-NPs and chitosan coated PLGA-NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as carrier material with surface modified by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and chitosan. The particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering. Coumarin 6 was used as a fluorescent marker in the transport of nanoparticles investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The transport of furanodiene (FDE) loaded nanoparticles was quantitively determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Colchicine and nocodazole were used in the transport study to explore the involved endocytosis mechanisms of nanoparticles. Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 was also analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the nanoparticles dispersed uniformly. The zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative, the mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral and the CS-PLGA-NPs was positive. The entrapment efficiency of FDE in all nanoparticles was higher than 75%. The transport capability of mPEG-PLGA-NPs across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells was higher than that of PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. Colchicine and nocodazole could significantly decrease the transport amount of nanoparticles. mPEG-PLGA-NPs could obviously reduce the distribution of ZO-1 protein than PLGA-NPs and CS-PLGA-NPs. The transport mechanism of PLGA-NPs and mPEG-PLGA-NPs were indicated to be a combination of endocytosis and paracellular way, while CS-PLGA-NPs mainly relied on the endocytosis way. PEG coating could shield the surface charge and enhance the hydrophilicity of PLGA nanoparticles, which leads mPEG-PLGA-NPs to possess higher anti-adhesion activity. As a result, mPEG-PLGA-NPs could penetrate the mucus layer rapidly and transport across Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells.
Biological Transport ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; chemistry ; Coculture Techniques ; Drug Carriers ; Furans ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; HT29 Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein ; metabolism