Objective To explore the changes of plasma corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) levels in the young rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods Two hundred and forty young rats were randomly divided into three groups:hypoxic-ischemic brain damage group ( model group,n =80),sham-operated group ( n =80),and normal control group ( n =80).The plasma CRF levels of rats in three groups were detected at 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,l d,3 d,5 d and 18 d after hypoxia-ischemia,per ten rats for each time point.Plasma CRF levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results Plasma CRF levels of model group,shamoperated group and normal control group showed no significant difference in the young rats after 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞ 0.05 ).But plasma CRF levels in the model group were respectively significantly lower than those of sham-operated group and normal control group after 1 d and 3 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＜0.001 ),and then recovered to the control group levels after 5 d and 18 d of hypoxia-ischemia ( P ＞0.05 ).Conclusion Hypoxia-ischemia affects plasma CRF levels in the young rats,which is related with the duration after hypoxia-ischemia.

Endostatin is a potent, endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, which corresponds to the C-terminal fragment of collagen ⅩⅧ. The human endostatin gene was amplified from a human fetal liver cDNA library by means of PCR and was cloned into pPIC9K vector. Soluble endostatin was superexpressed in Pichia pastoris (50.5mg/L) . The recombinant protein was purified by cation exchange chromatography with the final yield of more than 95%. Western blotting analysis showed positive immunoreactivity to the expressed product. Recombinant endostatin was able to suppress the angiogenesis on the CAMs. Also, the endostatin inhibited specifically of the migration of HMECs stimulated by bFGF, with EC50 being about 0.4 ?g/ml.

The authors explained the process of organizing and implementing of the designed experiments.The designed experi- ments can improve students' creative thinking ability and activate students'initiative and meanwhile,it can improve teachers' level and contribute to making progress in teaching and studying although there are still some problems to solve.

On account of the dense cuticles of the fresh stem and the light, hard and pliable texture of the dried stem, Dendrobii Caulis is difficult to dry or pulverize. So, it is very important to the ancient doctors that Dendrobii Caulis should be properly treated and applied to keep or evoke its medicinal effects. The current textual research results about the preliminary processing, processing and usage methods of Dendrobii Caulis showed that: (1) In history the clinical use of fresh or processed Dendrobii Caulis as teas and tinctures were very common. (2) Its roots and rhizomes would be removed before using. (3) Some ancillary approaches were applied to shorten drying times, such as rinsing with boiling mulberry-ash soup, washing or soaking with liquor, mixing with rice pulp and then basking, etc. (4) According to the ancients knowledge, the sufficient pulverization, by means of slicing, rasping, hitting or pestling techniques, was necessary for Dendrobii Caulis to take its effects. (5) The heat processing methods for Dendrobii Caulis included stir-baking, stir-frying, steaming, decocting and stewing techniques, usually with liquor as an auxiliary material. Among above mentioned, steaming by pretreating with liquor was most commonly used, and this scheme was colorfully drawn in Bu Yi Lei Gong Pao Zhi Bian Lan (Ming Dynasty, 1591 CE) ; moreover, decocting in advance or long-time simmering so as to prepare paste products were recommended in the Qing Dynasty. (6) Some different processing programs involving stir-baking with grit, air-tightly baking with ondol (Kangs), fumigating with sulfur, which appeared in modern times and brought attractive outward appearance of the drug, went against ancients original intentions of ensuring drug efficacy.
Dendrobium ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; history

AIMTo investigate the possible involvement of glutamate(Glu) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the central regulation of baroreflex.

METHODSThe baroreflex was induced by intravenous injection of phenylephrine in conscious rats, and the extracellular concentration of Glu in the PVN region was measured by microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. To determine whether the observed Glu release was involved in the baroreflex, NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists, MK-801 and CNQX, were perfused in the PVN region during baroreflex.

RESULTSDuring baroreflex, the Glu concentration in the PVN region immediately increased to 384.82% +/- 91.77% of basal level (P < 0.01). (2) During baroreflex, direct perfusion of MK-801 and CNQX in the PVN were attenuated the increase of blood pressure and enhanced the decrease of HR (P < 0.01),resulting a significant increase in baroreflex sensitivity (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONGlutamate in PVN is involved in central regulation of baroreflex, which may inhibit baroreflex via ionothopic glutamate receptors.

6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; physiology ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo study the growth inhibition effect of Brucea javanica Fruit Oil Emulsion (BJFOE) on human ovarian caner SKOV3 cells and the transplanted tumor of SKOV3 nude mice.

METHODSGrowth inhibition effects of different concentrations BJFOE alone or its combination with cisplatin on human ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 were measured using MTT method. The orthotopic transplantation tumor model of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell lines was established in nude mice. Totally 32 ovarian cancer nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the blank control group (Group A), the BJFOE group (Group B), the BJFOE combined Cisplatin group (Group C), and the Cisplatin control group (Group D), 8 in each group. Mice in Group A were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (0.2 mL/ 20 g), once per two days. Mice in Group B were intraperitoneally injected with BJFOE (0.2 mL/20 g), once per two days. Mice in Group C were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (3 mg/kg) 0.2 mL on the first day, and intraperitoneally injected with BJFOE on the second day. Mice in Group D were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (3 mg/kg) 0.2 mL, once per two days. All mice were injected for six times, and sacrificed 48 h after the last injection. The lesion formation of the abdominal tumor tissue was observed. Tumor specimens were obtained to perform HE staining. Expression levels of MRP-1/CD9 and integrinα-5 were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSThe inhibition of BJFOE was time-dose depend- ently correlated with its inhibition effect of SKOV3 cells. The inhibition effect of BJFOE in combination of cisplatin was significantly superior to that of using any of the two drugs alone. Western blot results showed expression levels of MRP-1/CD9 and integrinα-5 were up-regulated in Group B and Group D with statistical difference (P < 0.05). But they were down-regulated in Group C with statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIntraperitoneal injecting BJFOE was feasible and effective for treating ovarian cancer. BJFOE also could inhibit the invasion and migration of tumor cells targeting at MRP-1/CD9 and integrinα-5. But its specific anti-tumor mechanism was not clearly probed.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Brucea ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo verify the safety of penetrating acupuncture at the head points for cerebral hemorrhage at the acute stage.

METHODSSixty cases of cerebral hemorrhage at the acute stage were selected and randomized into a western medication group and a head-point group, 30 cases in each one. In the western medication group, the anti-cranial pressure and anti-blood pressure program was administered with the conventional intravenous infusion of Sodium Nitroprusside, Mannite, etc. In the head-point group, on the basis of the treatment as the western medication group, the penetrating acupuncture at the head points was supplemented. For consciousness disturbance, Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Benshen (GB 13) and penetrating needling from Shenting (GV 24) to Shangxing (GV 23) were selected. For headache, the penetrating needling was adopted from Shangxing (GV 23) to Yintang (EX-HN 3) and from Fengchi (GB 20) to Fengchi (GB 20). For disturbance of urination and defecation, the penetrating needling was adopted from Baihui (GV 20) to Sishencong (EX-HN 1). For aphasia, the penetrating needling was adopted from Fengfu (GV 16) to Yamen (GV 15), etc. For facial paralysis, the penetrating needling from Dicang (ST 4) to Jiache (ST 6) and Xiaguan (ST 7) were selected. For paralysis, the penetrating needling was adopted from Baihui (GV 20) to Taiyang (EX-HN 5), etc. Before and after treatment, the changes in cerebral hemorrhagic volume, the results of blood, urine and stool routine examination, the situations of the life indices such as heart, liver and kidney functions, blood pressure, respiration and heart rate were observed, as well as the impacts on ECG.

RESULTSThe cranial CT sania cn indicated that the rate of the basic and significant absorption of hematoma was 80.0% (24/30) in the head-point group, which was superior to 56.7% (17/30) in the western medication group (P < 0.05). Before and after treatment, the results of blood, urine and stool routine examination and the life indices such as blood pressure, respiration and heart rate were all in the normal scope for the patients in the head-point group (all P > 0.05). There were no any abnormal changes in liver and kidney functions. In the head-point group, the abnormality rate of ECG was lower obviously than that in the western medication group [16.7% (5/30) vs 43.3% (13/30), P < 0.05].

CONCLUSIONThe penetrating acupuncture at the head points is safe in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage at the acute stage.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Acute Disease ; Aged ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To choose a more effective way to fix up PICC catheter by comparing two methods. Methods Eighty patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each group had forty patients. PICC catheters in experimental group were fixed up by adjusted way and by traditional way in control group. The effect of the two methods was compared. Results There was no infectious case in experimental group and there was no tube obstruction and no tube dislocation, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(X2 = 10.73,11.38, 1 1.38 ;P ＜ 0. 01). Conclusions Adjusted method can reduce the infection, tube obstruction and tube dislocation. It is a good way to fix up PICC catheter.

This study is to observe the effect of ilexonin A (IA) on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43), and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats and explore its possible mechanism of protecting neuronal injury. Models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established in SD rats. Before and after two hours ischemia-reperfusion, IA (20 and 40 mg x kg(-1)) was injected immediately and on 3, 7, 14, and 28 d once a day. The neurological severity was evaluated by neurological severity scores (NSS); neuronal injury in the boundary zone of the infarction area was evaluated by TUNEL and Niss1 staining. The expressions of bFGF and GAP-43 and neurogenesis were evaluated by Western blotting and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) fluorescence staining, respectively. After treatment with IA, the NSS of treatment groups were lower than that of the models (3 and 7 d). The number of TUNEL positive neurons decreased and Nissl positive neurons increased at the same time (3 d). The expressions of bFGF and GAP-43 increased significantly in the boundary zone of the infarction area when compared to model group. Moreover, IA markedly enhanced the neurogenesis in the brain after ischemia-reperfusion, which revealed an increase of Brdu/NeuN positive cells in the boundary zone of the infarction area. The possible mechanism of protecting neuronal injury of IA may be related to inhibition on neuronal apoptosis, upregulation of bFGF and GAP-43, and neurogenesis in boundary zone of infarction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Brain Ischemia ; etiology ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; metabolism ; GAP-43 Protein ; metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; Male ; Neurogenesis ; drug effects ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Organic Chemicals ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effects of the manipulation reduction combined with small splint fixation for the treatment of fresh closed fracture of radius for shorten hospital stays and reduce medical cost.

METHODSFrom July 2007 to December 2009, 200 patients (ranged the age from 40 to 80 years) with distal radius comminute fracture were treated and divided into CP group (including 21 males and 79 females, with a mean age of (62.98 +/- 0.85) years), and control group (including 20 males and 80 females, with a mean age of (63.19 +/- 0.88) years). All patients were treated manipulation reduction combined with small-splint fixation, control group removed small-splint 30 days after treatment, CP group removed 25 days after treatment. Two groups were checked by X-ray and took traditional chinese medicine (taking Yuanhu tablets, Chuangshangning tablets on the early stage; Guixiangzhenggu pill was taken on the middle stage; Shuanglongjie gu pill on the late stage), functional exercise was guided after removing of small splint. The condition of reduction and position of bone were evaluated and Gartland-Werlley scale was used to evaluate the function of wrist joint.

RESULTSTreatment time in CP group was decreased from (30.08 +/- 3.06) to (25.06 +/- 1.07) days; treatment cost in CP group was decreased from (2 100.00 +/- 332.12) to (1 644.00 +/- 125.20) Yuan. There was no significant difference in reduction and function recover of wrist joint between two groups. The results showed the effects of TCM clinic can be promised.

CONCLUSIONClinical pathway for outpatient can promote standardization of outpatient, short treatment time less medical economic burden, and worth widely used.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius ; surgery ; Radius Fractures ; surgery ; Splints