Objective: To determine the 16S rDNA sequences of 36 strains of Halomonas sp. Isolated from the seawater of the East China Sea and to study their bioactivities. Methods: The 16S rDNA sequences of all isolated strains were amplified by PCR, and the obtained sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using MEGA4.1 and multiple sequence alignment with Clustal X1. 8 software. MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxic activities of their fermentation broth; ABTS and DPPH antioxidant models were applied to test the antioxidation activities of their fermentation broth. The HLE inhibition activities of the fermentation broth were tested by a stable HLE in hibitor screening model. Results: Analysis of 16S rDNA sequence showed that the 36 strains had a high affinity (96%-99%) to the Halomonas sp. Fermentation broth of the 36 strains showed different degrees of cytotoxic activities, antioxidation activities, and HLE inhibition activities. Eleven strains inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, with the inhibition rate ranging (4.40±1.2)%to(24.90±3.5) %; 20 strains inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells, with the inhibition rate ranging (1.70±1.1)% to (50.90±4.2) %; 7 strains showed ABTS radical scavenging capacity, with the scavenging rate ranging (4.49±2.1) % to (58.43±4.4) %; 3 strains showed DPPH radical scavenging capacity, with the scavenging rate ranging (5.68±3.7) % to (59.06±3.2) %, and 3 strains showed HLE inhibition activities, with the inhibition rate ranging (12.71±1.81)% to (71.19±5.62) %. Conclusion: All the 36 Halomonassp. Strains show different degrees of cytotoxic effects, antioxidation activities, and HLE inhibition capacities. Several strains with high activities possess the potential for medicinal application.

AIM:To analyze the killing efficiency of six kinds of contact lens solutions and solutions with arilin on free living Acanthamoeba culturedin vitroMETHODS:Six kinds of contact lens solutions were added into 96-well microtiter plates,respectively,with each care solutions used 48 holes of them.Suspension of Acanthamoeba were added into 24 of these holes.and arilin gutta and suspension of Acanthamoeba were added into the other 24 holes.After standing in room ternperature for 8 hours,the morphologic change and quantity of the remnant Acanthamoeba were observed under the jnverted microscope.The remnant Acanthamoeba were cultivanted in peptone-yeast extract-glucose (PYG)-culture medium for 5 days.Their variation of appearance,activity and reproductive activity were observed.RESULTS:In the six experimental groups using contact lens solutions only.the detection rate of Acanthamoeba of were 0%,80.3%,29.1%,41.7%,62.5% and 79.2%,respectively.After arilin was added,the detection rate of Acanthamoeba of the six groups were 0%,0%,4.2%,8.3%,16.7% and 16.7%,respectively.From group 3 to group 6,after arilin was added,the differences of the killing efficiency of contact lens solutions have statistical significance(X2=3.75,7.11,10.54 and 18.78;P＜0.05).Cultivation of the remnant Acanthamoeba showed a reduction in the activity and proliferative ability.CONCLUSION:The killing efficiency of some contact lens solutions on free-living Acanthamoeba were not satisfying.Arilin can improve the killing efficiency of contact lens solutions.

AIM: To compare the adherent ability of Acanthamoeba to three kinds of contact lens (CL) and survey the effect to remove the Acanthamoeba from the surface of contact lens after blowing with stroke-physiological saline solution (SPSS) repeatedly.METHODS: Three kinds of contact lens were chosen in this experiment, including: rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens, soft contact lens (SCL) and colored contact lens. They were co-cultivated with Acanthamoeba suspension for 16 hours. Then the number of Acanthamoeba adhered on CL was compared. Comparison was also made between different zones of colored CL. We also compared the number of Acanthamoeba adhered on CL in three groups after blowing with SPSS.RESULTS: The number of Acanthamoeba adhered to colored CL was more than RGP group and SCL group (P<0.05). The differences between RGP group and SCL group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). In colored CL group, the number of Acanthamoeba adhered to the colored zone was more than the Uncolored zone (P<0.01). In all the three groups, after blowing with SPSS, there was statistically significant decrease of the number of Acanthamoeba adhered to CL (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Compared with RGP group and SCL group, the colored contact lens was more vulnerable to be adhered by Acanthamoeba. After being blown by SPSS repeatedly, the effect to eliminate Acanthamoeba has been improved greatly.

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male

OBJECTIVETo observe the mucosal immune mechanism of anti-tumor action of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP).

METHODSThe concentration of H22 cells in suspension were adjusted to 1 x 10(9)/ L, and 0.2 mL of the cell suspension was injected subcutaneously in the right oxter of Kunming mice. Then the H22 bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the GLP group, the Cytoxan (CTX) group, the CTX + GLP group and the untreated model group, 8 mice in each group. Besides, a blank control group was set up. Starting from the 2nd day of modeling, GLP, at the dose of 1.02 g/kg was given to GLP group and GLP + CTX group by gastrogavage once a day for 12 successive days; CTX at the dose of 100 mg/kg was administered via peritoneal injection to the CTX group and the GLP + CTX group on the 1st day and the 6th day of the experimental course; but to the model group and the blank group, only equal volume of distilled water was given. All mice were sacrificed on the 14th day, the ileum at 1 cm upper to cecum was taken, through 4% paraform fixation and paraffin section, it was used for immunohistochemical detecting expressions of immunoglobulin A (IgA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in ileum. Besides, the lymphocyte subsets in the intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL), lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), and Peyer's patch lymphocytes (PPL) were analyzed by immune fluorescence technique and flow cytometry.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the phenotype of lymphocytes and the expression of cytokines in ileum in the model group changed significantly; and the phenotype was variant in different regions. Compared with the model group, both indexes were adjusted in the GLP, CTX and GLP + CTX group to different degrees.

CONCLUSIONThe adjustment of GLP on intestinal mucosal immune is probably another path for its anti-tumor action.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin A ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa ; immunology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Statistic-based experimental design was used to optimize the culture conditions for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ME16 strain which is capable of utilizing methane.Effects of inoculum volume,temperature,methane content,and initial pH of media on cell growth were studied with the medium of mineral salt and methane gas,and the response surface methodology(RSM) was then used to optimize culture conditions.The optimum conditions were as follows:temperature of 29.4℃,inoculum volume of 1.8% and methane content of 25%.Under the optimized culture conditions,the ME16 production was increased by 0.8 times and its cultivation time was reduced.The removal of methane gas by ME16 was preliminary investigated,and the removal rate of methane gas reached 65.7%.The results indicated that the strain was capable of removing of methane.

Objective To prepare an absorbable crosslinked micro orous hemostatic starch (ACMHS), to observe its hemostasis effect in the liver, ki dney and femoral artery, and to discuss the hemostasis mechanism. Methods Thirty adult healthy New Zealand rabbits of either sex, weighing 2,000-2,250 g, were equally randomized into 3 groups: liver bleeding group (group A), kidney bleeding group (group B) and femoral artery bleeding group (group C). Each group was further divided into a test group and a control group randomly (n=5) according to different hemostatic powders, ACMHS was used in the test group(group Al, Bl, CI), and Arista™ was used in the control group (group A2, B2, C2). The bleeding amount and bleeding time were accurately recorded. The pathological changes at incision and in the surrounding tissues of the liver, kidney and femoral artery were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining after test. Results All the bleeding amounts of group Al and A2 were (1. 02 ± 0. 10) g and (1. 03 ± 0. 09) g, and the bleeding time periods of group Al and A2 were (92. 6 ± 5. 16) s and (95. 6 ± 5. 31) s, respectively (P>0. 05). All the bleeding amounts of group Bl and B2 were (0. 92 ± 0. 09) g and (0. 94 ± 0. 08) g, and the bleeding time periods of group Bl and B2 were (87. 5 ± 7. 48) s and (88. 8 ± 6. 54) s, respectively (P>0. 05). All the hemostatic efforts failed in group C. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed accumulation of red blood cells at the incision and in surrounding tissues of the liver and kidney in group A and group B, without evidence of burn. Conclusion ACMHS has the same hemostatic function as Arista™ in parenchymatous organ injury, but it is not suitable for bleeding of femoral artery injury with high pressure.

Objective To investigate the change of oxidation system and antioxidation system in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN) induced by anti-Thy1.1 antibody,and further to study the intervention of rosmarinic acid(RAD).Methods Anti-THy1.1 serum was produced,and then intravenously injected into rats for establishing an experimental model of MsPGN.The experiment was designed for control with or without RAD,glomerulonephritis with or without RAD,respectively.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in tissue homogenate were detected by spectrophotomerty.Results The activity of SOD significantly decreased,while the content of MDA increased in MsPGN.RAD could inhibit oxidation in the mesangial cells.Conclusion Lipid peroxidation participates in MsPGN and RAD can control the changes of the mesangial cells and show the activity of antioxidation.

AIM: To explore the predisposing factors, population characteristics and clinical features of severe fungal keratitis.
METHODS:The data of 233 cases 233 eyes of severe fungal keratitis in my hospital from January, 2008 to November, 2013 was retrospectively reviewed. The predisposing factors, population characteristics and clinical features were analyzed.
RESULTS: In 233 cases of severe fungal keratitis, the number of male patients was 153 ( 65. 7%) and the number ratio of male to female was 1. 9:1. The average age of them was (52. 7±11. 3), and most of them were middle-aged and elderly people living in the rural area (78. 1%) and were farmers ( 66. 1%) with low literacy (59. 7%). In 233 cases, 188 cases (80. 7%) possessed a clear history of ocular trauma, mainly caused by plant-based trauma (60. 9%). 90 cases (57. 3%) were infected with Fusarium, and 47 cases ( 29. 9%) by Aspergillus. The main treatment of severe fungal keratitis was surgery (87. 9%). 83 cases ( 52. 9%) were treated with penetrating keratoplasty, and in Fusarium and Aspergillus infected patients with severe fungal keratitis, 58. 4% ( 80/137 ) were performed with penetrating keratoplasty. In addition, patients treated with eye enucleation or evisceration, 68. 4% (13/19) were infected with Fusarium species.
CONCLUSION: Patients with severe fungalkeratitis in our hospital are mainly elderly male farmers living in rural, because of low economic condition and poor diagnosis consciousness. The main pathogens are Fusarium and Aspergillus species, and the major treatment is penetrating keratoplasty. Most of patients with poor clinical outcomes are infected with Fusarium species.

Forest musk deer is one of the large-scale farming musk deer animals with the largest population at the same time. The male musk deer can secrete valuable medicines, which has high medicinal and economic value. Due to the loss of habitat and indiscriminate hunting, the numbers of wild population specie and the distribution have been drastically reduced. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the molecular genetics progress of forest musk deer will pave a way for musk deer protection and breeding. In this review, the progress associated with the molecular marker, genetic classification, artificial breeding, musk secretion and disease in past decades were reviewed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent molecular genetic researches in forest musk deer.
Animals ; Breeding ; Deer ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Male