Objective To observe the alteration of astrocyte and apoptosis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Me-thods The pathological brain specimens of 25 newborns who died of HIE were observed macroscopically and microscopically,included male 14 cases and female 11 cases.The immunochemistry staining with glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and in situ end terminal dexynucleotidy 1 transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotion nick and labeling(TUNEL)methods were used to observe the changes of astrocyte and the neurons apoptosis in HIE.The relationship between the change of astrocyte and the neurons apoptosis and the occurrence of HIE and course of disease were further synthetically analyzed.Results The brain specimens of 25 newborn HIE had apoptosis cells at the different level.The degree of apoptosis of cerebral neurons was severe in the cases of 24 h-6 d survival(P

AIM To study the effect of Vit E on the MLCK activity and expression in the liver of atherosclerosis model rabbits. METHODS The MLCK activity of rabbit liver was measured by the method of ?- 32P incorporated and its expression was detected by immunofluorescent. RESULTS The model of atherosclerosis was estabilished. After rabbits were fed with cholesterol for four weeks and twelve weeks, the activity of MLCK increased markedly, and there was significantly statistical difference compared with the normal control (P0.05). MLCK expression increased after the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for four weeks, and this increase became more obvious had been the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for twelve weeks. The expression decreased when vitamin E had been added into the cholesterol fed. CONCLUSION The pathology of liver may be associated with the increase of the activity of MLCK. Vit E may reduce MLCK activity and protect hepatocyte from injury.

0.05);Compared to Gram-negative bacilli group of sputum culture,Gram-positive cocci group had significant diffe-rence in the incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction and microcirculatory disorders(Pa

The type of basic media and the contents of plant growth substances were investigated by orthogonal design experiment,and also the effects of different culture conditions on the growth of suspension cells and the accumulation of total flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides were studied.The results showed that B5 medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L NAA,0.6mg/L 6-BA and 30g/L sucrose,at initial pH 5.0～5.5,20g(FW)/L inoculation quantity and 110 r/min of rotation speed was a preferable culture conditions for E.ulmoides suspension cells growth and flavonoids synthesis.The results of metabolic kinetics analysis for E.ulmoides cell suspension culture showed that the logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations can be used for describing the kinetics of cell growth,sucrose consumption and flavonoids production during the process.The maximum specific growth rate(?m),the actual growth yield based on sucrose(YG) and maintenance coefficient(m) were 0.417/d,0.619g/g and 0.0206g/(g?d-1) respectively.All these outcomes could give a basis for establishing the suspension cell culture of E.ulmoides and production of the natural active components in large-scale.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Delayed Graft Function ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Transplantation ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Tobacco smoking is a global healthcare problem that poses a substantial and costly health burden. Nicotine is the major constituent responsible for the addiction to tobacco. Current strategies helping tobacco smokers have limited utility in increasing rates of smoking cessation, consequently indicating the need for alternative therapies. A novel therapeutic method is vaccination against nicotine. Nicotine vaccine can generate specific antibodies that can sequester nicotine from cigarette smoke in the blood, and prevent its access to the brain and minimize positive reinforcing effects, which may help smokers to stop smoking. The vaccine will have great potential for the treatment of nicotine addiction and for relapse prevention. Here we will review the current status of vaccines against nicotine addiction and discuss the problems associated with the development of nicotine vaccines.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Nicotine ; antagonists & inhibitors ; immunology ; Smoking ; immunology ; therapy ; Smoking Cessation ; methods ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; immunology ; therapy ; Vaccination ; methods ; Vaccines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo carry out expert survey for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome characteristics of different clinical types of coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODSBy using Delphi method, we carried out two rounds of nationwide expert surveys for modern TCM characteristics of syndrome elements and syndrome types of CAD.

RESULTSBased on expert consensus, qi deficiency, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, qi deficiency blood stasis, and intermingled phlegm and blood stasis are common TCM syndromes for different clinical types of CAD. Of them, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat accumulation, cold coagulation, yang deficiency, deficiency of both qi and yang were more often seen in patients with unstable angina than in those with stable angina. Qi deficiency, yin deficiency, and deficiency of both qi and yin were less seen. We could see more excess syndrome and less deficiency syndrome (such as qi deficiency, yin deficiency, etc.) in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) than acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Qi deficiency, blood stasis, water retention, yang deficiency, phlegm turbidity, yin deficiency, Xin-qi deficiency, and qi deficiency blood stasis induced water retention are the most common TCM syndrome types of CAD heart failure (HF). Blood deficiency, yin deficiency, heat accumulation, deficiency of both Xin and Pi, deficiency of both qi and blood, deficiency of both qi and yin, yin deficiency and fire hyperactivity were more often seen in CAD arrhythmias.

CONCLUSIONSTCM syndrome distributions of different clinical types of CAD have common laws and individual characteristics. Results based on the expert consensus supplied evidence and support for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CAD.

Angina Pectoris ; Angina, Unstable ; China ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; Data Collection ; Heart Failure ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Qi ; Syndrome ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo observe the anatomy structure of rabbit ear and the effect of different operation methods and post-operative treatments on the formation of hypertrophic scar.

METHODSThe experimental animals were 25 New Zealand white rabbits. 6 pieces of full skin specimens were obtained from each of the ears in 5 rabbits for histological examination. 6 full-thickness skin wounds (d = 8 mm) were made on different sites of ventral side of each ear in the other 20 rabbits. The total number of the wounds was 240. 120 wounds in 10 rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly to receive different treatments on day 7 postoperatively. No treatment was performed in the other 120 wounds. The wounds healing and the scar formation were observed for six months. The scars were harvested 4 weeks and 8 weeks after operation for pathologic examination and measurement of scar elevation index (SEI).

RESULTSHistological analysis showed that the anatomy structure was different in different sites of the rabbit ear. The best sites for creating hypertrophic scar model were on the medial margin of the middle- and inferior part of ear. The depth of the wound should reach the cartilage membrane of the ear to facilitate the formation of hypertrophic scar. The second strip crust on day 7 postoperatively enhanced the wounds healing and minimized the scar proliferation and hypertrophy.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a close correlation between the anatomy structure of the ear and the creation of hypertrophic scar animal model. The wound site, the depth of wound and the post-operative treatment will affect the formation of hypertrophic scar. The study can help to improve the successful rate of creating hypertrophic scar animal model.

Animals ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ear, External ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVESTo study the relationship between HBV genotypes and the efficacy of antiviral therapies.

METHODSHBV genotypes of 90 hepatitis B e antigen positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were determined by PCR sandwich hybridization-ELISA technique. Forty-one patients with CHB were treated with lamivudine (100 mg/day) for 48 weeks and 49 patients with CHB were given alpha-interferon (3 MU/QOD) therapy for 48 weeks. The serological, biochemical and virological symbols were measured before, during and after treatment for all the patients.

RESULTSOf the 90 patients, genotype B HBV was found in 16 and C in 74. There was no difference in the rate of response to lamivudine treatment between patients with genotype B or C HBV (33.3% vs. 20.0%) after 48 weeks treatment with lamivudine in the 41 patients. Of the 49 HBeAg positive CHB patients treated with alpha-interferon for 48 weeks, in HBV genotype B and C patients the rates of normalization of ALT were 60.0% and 20.5%; the rate of HBeAg turning to negativity was 50.0% and 17.9%; and the rate of HBV DNA undetectability was 50.0% and 17.9%. The rate of response to the interferon treatment was significantly higher in patients with HBV genotype B compared to those with genotype C.

CONCLUSIONSOur study shows that there is no influence on the lamivudine treatment effects for the HBV genotype B and C CHB patients, but the alpha-interferon treatment for HBV genotype B CHB patients is more effective than that for the genotype C ones.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents and establish a quantitative method of Mallotus apelta.

METHODCompound was isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and Pre-HPLC chromatography. Its structure was identified by physicochemical properties and spectral evidences. The content of M. apelta was determined by HPLC. Chromatographic conditions included Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) and the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-water (24:76). The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm.

RESULTOne compound was isolated from n-butanol extract of the M. apelta and its structure was identified as vicenin II. The calibration cure was linear in the range of 0.053-10.60 microg (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 99. 32%, RSD 1.82% (n = 6).

CONCLUSIONThe compound was isolated from this plant for the first time. The method to determine the content of vicenin II by HPLC was established for the first time. This method is simple, accurate and reliable.

Apigenin ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mallotus Plant ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results