Depression is a serious mental illness with a high incidence. At present, we do not fully understand the specific pathological mechanisms of depression, and the efficacy of drug treatments is very limited. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic changes that occur in specific brain regions may be a key mechanism by which environmental factors to interact with individuals to influence the risk of depression. Therefore, drugs that target epigenetic regulation may become a new direction for the development of antidepressants. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a class of compounds that inhibit histone deacetylase activity, which has been reported to be associated with depression; this article addresses the use of HDACi in preclinical studies, and their potential therapeutic role and limitations of use in depression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of Chinese Nu ethnic population from Yunnan region of China and to provide basic database for ethnic origin investigation and forensic purpose.

METHODSGenomic DNA from the whole blood of 87 unrelated individuals was extracted by standard chelex-100. The sequence polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-based assay and using ABI 3730 Analyzer to detect many number of relatively common point mutations.

RESULTSSixty-two SNP loci were observed among them with 492 point mutations and 59 haploids identified in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVSI). The gene diversity was estimated to be 0.9675,and the random match probability was calculated to be 0.0437.

CONCLUSIONThe result suggests that mtDNA HVSISNP database of Nu ethnic population can be a useful tool for forensic identity and original research.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Databases, Genetic ; Ethnic Groups ; genetics ; Forensic Genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin and explore its feasibility in early detection of secondary infectious foci of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Ciprofloxacin was labeled with 99Tcm.The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin were calculated and its biodistribution in normal pigs was measured.The recruited baby pigs were divided into three groups:normal control group (6), non-infected group (6) and infected group (16).370-400 MBq of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin was injected into each pig intravenously.SPECT scanning was performed at 0.5, 1,2, 3, 4 and 6 h after administration.The differences of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin uptake among groups were calculated and the tracer activity ratio of lesion-to-background was recorded at each time point.The diagnostic value of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin SPECT imaging for the dectection of secondary infection of SAP was assessed using histopathological results as the gold standard.Variance analysis and least significant difference test were used to analyze the data.Results Both the labehing efficiency and radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin were over 90% within 6 h.Organs with rich blood supply, such as kidney, liver and spleen were the target organs for the accumulation of 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin; while no significant uptake was found in gastrointestinal tract or normal pancreas tissue of SAP.Rapid plasma clearance and renal excretion were observed.In the infected group, the lesion was visualized at 1 h after administration.The highest radioactivity ratio of lesion-to-background (3.36 ± 0.33) was at 3 h after administration, which was significantly higher than that of the other time point ( F =99.570, P ＜0.001 ).The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Youden's index (YI) and Kappa value of 99Tc%ciprofloxacin imaging were 88.2% (15/17), 83.3% (5/6), 93.8% ( 15/16), 71.4% (5/7), 0.715 and 0.667 respectively.Conclusions The biodistribution of99Tcm-ciprofloxacin is suitable for imaging infectious focus of SAP.The optimal imaging time for the detection of secondary infection of SAP is 3 h after administration, with high sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients.Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 1-4 yr,weighing 8-22 kg,scheduled for elective unilateral herniorrhaphy,were assigned into 2 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table method:ropivacaine group (group R) and dexmedetomidine mixed with ropivacaine group (group DR).TAP block was performed at the end of operation under ultrasound guidance,0.125％ ropivacaine 1 ml/kg was injected in group R and 0.075％ ropivacaine plus 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine was injected in group DR.A dose of morphine 0.05 mg/kg was intravenously injected when Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability score ≥4.The duration of postoperative analgesia and consumption of morphine within 24 h after operation were recorded.The development of nausea and vomiting,bradycardia,hypotension,respiratory depression,over-sedation and TAP block-related complications (hematoma or infection at puncture site,peritoneal puncture,local anesthetic toxicity) within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group R,the consumption of postoperative morphine within 24 h after operation was significantly reduced,and the duration of postoperative analgesia was prolonged in group DR (P ＜0.05).No hypotension,over-sedation or TAP block-related complications were found in two groups.There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting,respiratory depression or bradycardia after operation between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine provides better postoperative analgesic efficacy than ropivacaine alone when used for TAP block in pediatric patients.

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the relationship between the quantity of peripheral dendritic cell (DC) and of serum HBV DNA and the inflammatory level in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

METHODSThe myeloid DC (DC1) and plasmacytoid DC (DC2) in fresh peripheral blood were enumerated by using three-color flow cytometry in chronic hepatitis B patients and healthy donors. The hepatic inflammatory levels were evaluated by percutaneous liver biopsy. The serum HBV DNA levels were determined by real-time PCR.

RESULTSCHB patients with serum HBV DNA < or = 10(6) copies/ml exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of circulating DC2 in comparison with those of CHB patients with serum HBV DNA > or = 10(6) and with healthy donors (P < 0.05). The two latter groups showed no significant differences between each other. There was also no significant difference in the relative quantity of peripheral blood DC1 among the three groups mentioned above (P = 0.162). No evidence was found to support that the relative quantity of peripheral blood DC2 was associated with the clinical severity of the disease or the inflammatory level in the liver (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe relative quantity of peripheral blood DC2 is associated with HBV DNA level. It is suggested that DC2 may play a pivotal role in inhibiting HBV replication in CHB patients. There was no relationship found between relative quantities of DCs and the inflammatory level in the liver.

DNA, Viral ; blood ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; immunology ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Virus Replication

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Osteopontin ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDInternal metallic stents have been widely used in clinical practice, but a high postoperative restenosis rate limits its application. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrabiliary radiation on muscle formation and biliary duct remodeling after biliary duct balloon injury in dogs.

METHODSTwenty male dogs (15 - 20 kg) were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Balloon overstretching injury was induced using a balloon catheter placed across the biliary duct. Subsequently, a 103Pd radioactive stent was positioned at the target site in each animal in the treatment group, providing the injured biliary duct with a radiation dose of 12.58 x 10(7) Bq. Dogs in the control group received Ni-Ti stents. All the dogs were killed one month after initial injury. The injured sections were dissected free from the dogs, and were processed for histological and morphological study. Cross-sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoef-van Giesen. Muscle formation area and lumen area were determined using a computer-assisted image analysis system.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, 103Pd radioactive stents significantly reduced muscle formation area (78.3%, P < 0.01), and percentage area of stenosis [control stents: (60.0 +/- 21.6)%, 103Pd radioactive stents: (31.6 +/- 9.5)%]. In addition, in the treatment group, the biliary duct lumen area was significantly larger than that in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS103Pd radioactive stents providing a radioactive dose of 12.58 x 10(7) Bq are effective in reducing muscle formation and biliary duct remodeling after balloon overstretching injury.

Animals ; Bile Ducts ; pathology ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; Dogs ; Male ; Muscle Development ; radiation effects ; Muscle, Smooth ; radiation effects ; Palladium ; administration & dosage ; Radioisotopes ; administration & dosage ; Random Allocation ; Stents ; adverse effects

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Talc ; therapeutic use ; Thoracoscopy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of therapy with Chinese medicine Lirukang Granule (, LRKG) combined with psychological intervention on anxiety states and sex hormones in patients with cyclomastopathy and menoxenia.

METHODSA total of 470 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups by the net-central randomization system, the treatment group (161 patients, treated with LRKG and psychological intervention), the Chinese medicine group (157 patients, treated with LRKG), and the psychological intervention group (152 patients, treated with psychological intervention). The dose of LRKG was 12 g three times per day; psychological intervention included establishing relations, cognitive intervention and psychological persuasion, 30-40 min per session, once a week. The therapy duration for all groups was three months. The efficacy was compared and anxiety state/State-Trait Anxiety Invertory (STAI) scoring was measured before and after treatment. The serum estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of 60 patients selected randomly from each group during the luteal phase were measured before and after treatment, and a group of 20 healthy women were evaluated for comparison. A follow-up was arranged for one year after treatment.

RESULTSThirty subjects were lost to follow-up. (1) Comparison of efficacy: the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate of the treatment group were 86.67% (131/150) and 98.00% (147/150), respectively; of the Chinese medicine group, 64.58% (93/144) and 90.27% (130/144), respectively; and of the psychological intervention group, 0% (0/146) and 3.42% (5/146), respectively. The markedly effective rate and the total effective rate in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the Chinese medicine and psychological intervention groups (P < 0.05). (2) Comparison of STAI scoring: STAI scoring was decreased dramatically in the treatment group after treatment compared with that of the Chinese medicine group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference compared with the psychological intervention group. (3) Comparison of levels of sex hormones: E2, P, PRL and FSH of the three patient groups were disordered before treatment, and significantly different from healthy women (P < 0.01). After treatment, the levels of P and FSH of the treatment group were significantly increased (P < 0.01), E2 and PRL were significantly reduced, which were also significantly decreased compared with the psychological intervention groups (P < 0.01). (4) FOLLOW-UP: the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate of the treatment group remained higher than those of the other two groups after one year of treatment (P < 0.05). (5) Adverse reactions: no obvious adverse reactions were found among the three groups.

CONCLUSIONSTherapy with Chinese medicine combined with psychological intervention was effective for short-term and long-term treatment of cyclomastopathy and menoxenia. The mechanism might be related to the regulation of sex hormones.

Adult ; Behavior Therapy ; methods ; Breast Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation Disturbances ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Psychotherapy ; methods ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult