Objctive To search for the therapeutic method of children's nephrotic syndrome.Methods Sixty-six cases oe children's nephrotic syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups,impulsion group (34 cases) and control group (32 cases). Dexamethasone (1．5~3 )/mg (kg?d) added into (100~150)ml 10%GS solution, intravenous drip in impulsion group, one time a day, totat 3 days, the fourth day stoped. The fifth day started again and used one time evcry two days, total 6 times. Prednisone(1．5~3)mg/(kg?d) were taken next day and total 4 weeks, then grandually decreased the dose. Only prodnisone was used in control group, the method and dose were the same as impulsion group.Results Complete remission. partial remission inefficacy ere 23, 7 and 4 cases respectiye1y in impulsion group and 22, 5 and 5 cases respectively in control group, the effective rates of the 2 group are 88．23%and 84．38% (P＞0．05). The times of state of illness stabilization are respectively 11．3?7．2 and 10．48?6．34 months in the 2 groups. The side effect of impulsion group is bigger than that of control group.Conclusion Children's primary nephrotic syndrome should be treated for 8 weeks by routine hormone induction therapy, if no remission, impulsion therapy could be used.

Comparative analysis of variable region ORF14/15 genes of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome in Guangxi Penaeus vannamei (P. vannamei) could provide useful information for the evaluation of genetic diversity and genetic evolutionary relationship among WSSV isolates from Guangxi, China and other places. Based on geographical and temporal considerations, 40 WSSV-positive P. vannamei samples were collected during the period between May 2010 and July 2013 from Beihai, Qinzhou, and Fangchenggang, which were the main P. vannamei production areas in Guangxi, and the variable region ORF14/15 genes of the WSSV genome from all infected samples were amplified by PCR and then subjected to cloning and sequence analysis. Pairwise and multiple alignment analysis was then conducted to evaluate the degree of genetic divergence between different strains. The variable region ORF14/15 genes from 25 of 40 WSSV positive samples were successfully cloned and sequenced; among the ORF14/15 genes of 25 WSSV-positive strains, 22 was 619 bp in length and 3 was 620 bp. All the 25 Guangxi strains carried a 5949-bp deletion in the ORF14/15 region relative to TH-96-II, which has the longest nucleotide sequence in this region; the deletion of Guangxi strains occurred in the middle region of ORF14/15 gene, with only 190 bp and 429 bp/ 430 bp at 5' and 3' ends, respectively, which were coincident with WSSV-IN-05-I in deletion length and position. Sixteen of 25 Guangxi strains had completely identical nucleotide sequences in the variable re gion, and the homology between other strains also exceeded 97.9%. There were single nucleotide substi tution, deletion, and insertion in the ORF14/15 region of Guangxi strains compared with other strains in GenBank. In the phylogenetic tree based on WSSV variable region ORF14/15, the Guangxi strains were closely related and formed a separate branch with Indian strain IN-05-I, but far from other strains in GenBank. The ORF14/15 gene of WSSV isolates in cultured P. vannamei in Guangxi has a large deletion in the middle of the variable region, and the Guangxi WSSV strains show no significant spatio-temporal differences; the Guangxi strains are closer in genetics to Indian strain IN-05-I than other strains in GenBank.
Animals ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Penaeidae ; virology ; Phylogeny ; White spot syndrome virus 1 ; genetics

Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities

To compare the difference in action sites between mecamylamine (MEC) and hexamethonium (HEX) on nicotinic receptors of sympathetic neurons, we investigated the effects of MEC and HEX on the nicotine-induced currents in cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons by whole-cell patch clamp technique. The IC(50) of MEC and HEX for antagonizing the effect of 0.08 mmol/L nicotine was 0.0012 and 0.0095 mmol/L, respectively. Both MEC and HEX accelerated the desensitization of nicotinic receptors. Furthermore, by comparing their effects at holding potentials 30, 70 and 110 mV, it was indicated that their suppressing effect on the nicotine-induced currents was voltage-dependent. However, different from that of HEX, the inhibitory effect of MEC increased with administering the mixture of MEC and nicotine at intervals of 3 min, indicating a use-dependent effect of MEC. It is concluded that the action site of MEC on nicotinic receptors of sympathetic neurons is different from that of HEX.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Hexamethonium ; pharmacology ; Mecamylamine ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Nicotinic Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Nicotinic ; drug effects ; physiology ; Superior Cervical Ganglion ; cytology ; physiology

Currently,the quick development of information technology is enriching the traditional teaching.As a new form of teaching resource,a micro-lecture focused on a specific topic is a good combination of information technology and traditional teaching.It not only increases the vividness and visualization of teaching,but also boosts the learning interest of students in the course.What's more,it helps to show an integral time-consuming experiment in 5-10 minutes'micro-vedio,which broadens the contents of the course and offers convenience of self-teaching for students.In this article,we took the example of micro-lecture"Western blot"in the course of immunologic technology to post-graduates in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to clarify the advantages and the procedures of a typical micro-lecture,and to discuss about it.The experience achieved from the construction of this micro-lecture may offer a new idea of modern information education reform.

Objective To evaluate the value of positron emission tomography(PET)-CT imaging combined with continual detection of CA_(125)in serum for diagnosis of early recurrent ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Twenty six patients received PET-CT imaging,who were all diagnosed as primary epithelial ovarian cancer of stage Ⅱ-Ⅳ and had complete remission after cytoreductive surgery and multiple courses of chemotherapy in Shandong Provincial Cancer Hospital.After a steady period,all patients experienced progressive rising of CA_(125)values 3 times in 2 months.But no positive lesion was found by CT, or although suspicious positive focus was found,the recurrent and(or)metastatic extent was not definite. Out of 26 patients,16 were delivered rechemotherapy and(or)radiotherapy,and 10 received re- cytoreductive surgery.Results(1)Of 26 patients,the value of CA_(125)was more than 35 kU/L in 17,and in 14 of 17,pelvic or abdominal cavity recurrence was diagnosed by CT and PET-CT,and 4 showed simuhaneously distant metastasis on PET-CT.In the remaining 3 patients of which CT findings were negative,2 had pelvic and abdominal cavity recurrence,and one had bone metastasis on PET-CT.Of 9 patients with progressive rising CA_(125)levels but the value was less than cut-off(

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of reversal multidrug resistance (MDR) using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors in multidrug resistance human leukemia cell line K562/ADM.

METHODSThe oligonucleotides with 19-mer hairpin structure were synthesized. The shRNA expression vectors were constructed and introduced into K562/ADM cells. Expression of mdr1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR, and P-gp expression was determined by Western blot. The apoptosis and sensitivity of the K562/ADM cells to doxorubicin were quantified by flow cytometry and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, respectively. Cellular daunorubicin accumulation was assayed by laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM).

RESULTSIn positive clones of K562/ADM cells stably transfected with pSilencer 3.1-HI neo mdr1-A and mdr1-B shRNA expression vectors, RT-PCR showed that mdr1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced to 35.9% (P < 0.05), 27.5% (P < 0.01), respectively. Western blot showed that P-gp expression was significantly and specifically inhibited. Resistance against doxorubicin was decreased from 79-fold to 38-fold (P < 0.05), 30-fold (P < 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of K562/ADM cells was increased significantly compared with the control. shRNA vectors significantly enhanced the cellular daunorubicin accumulation. The percent of the apoptosis cell was significantly enhanced to 18.1% (P < 0.05) , 54.4% (P < 0.01) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSshRNA expression vectors can effectively reverse MDR, and restore the sensitivity of drug-resistance K562/ADM cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family B ; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in measuring glutamine (GLN) level in Zelanian rabbits' skeletal muscle.

METHODSNon-invasive MRS was used to get the data of peak height ratio of GLN + glutamic acid (GLx) at 3.8 ppm and creatine (Cr) at 3.0 ppm, peak area ratio of GLx at 3.8 ppm and Cr at 3.0 ppm. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to examine the actual GLx levels of muscle from 22 Zelanian rabbits. The feasibility of MRS was then evaluated by HPLC method.

RESULTSThe ratio of peak height and peak area of GLx and Cr by means of MRS were 0.162 +/- 0.045 and 0.092 +/- 0.065, respectively. The average concentration of GLx in skeletal muscle by means of HPLC was (4.19 +/- 2.50) micromol/g. The ratio of GLx and plasma Cr level by means of HPLC was 4.576 -/+ 0.599. The ratio of peak height and peak area of GLx and Cr by means of MRS were correlated significantly with the ratio of concentration of GLx in skeletal muscle and plasma Cr by means of HPLC (r = 0.7, P = 0.001; r = 0.6, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONNon-invasive MRS is feasible to measure GLN level in skeletal muscle of rabbit.

Animals ; Feasibility Studies ; Glutamine ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcomes after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) combined with intersphincteric resection (ISR) for ultra-low rectal tumors.

METHODSClinical data of 36 patients with ultra-low rectal tumor undergoing laparoscopic TME combined with ISR were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe median distance from the inferior margin of the tumor to the anal verge was 3.4 (2.0-5.0) cm. There were 33 cases of well/moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 3 rectal malignant villous adenoma. There were 16 patients with stage I disease, 15 with stage II A, 3 with stage III A, and 1 with III B. Postoperatively, one patient developed stenosis at the end ileostomy and 3 anastomotic leakage. After a median follow-up of 16(4-49) months, one patient developed local recurrence at the anastomosis and one case died of liver metastasis. In the 19 patients who had a minimum follow-up of one year, the bowel movements frequency ranged from 1-4 times per day, and these patients were able to withhold defecation for more than 5 minutes.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic TME combined with ISR can achieve oncologic clearance, sphincter preservation, and minimal invasiveness for ultra-lower rectal cancer. However, patients selection should be cautious.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Rectum ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium in prediction for hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-five patients undergoing total or complete total thyroidectomy were reviewed retrospectively. The indications included bilateral carcinoma, undifferential carcinoma, surroundings invasion, distant metastasis and huge benign lesions. Preoperative and postoperative PTH, calcium concentrations and their decline levels were compared between Jan. 2005 and May 2009. The role of PTH value and decline level predicting for symptomatic hypocalcaemia were analyzed by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve.

RESULTSAfter total thyroidectomy, 85 patients (51.5%) developed hypocalcemia. Symptoms were reported by 36 patients (21.8%). The mean concentration of PTH for normocalcaemia (80 cases), asymptomatic hypocalcaemia (49 cases) and symptomatic patients (36 cases) were 31.0 ng/L, 19.6 ng/L and 11.9 ng/L, respectively. The mean decline level for the three groups were 28.6%, 52.6% and 78.0%, respectively. PTH value and its decline level had a poor predicting value for symptomatic hypocalcaemia and high negative predicting value for asymptomatic patients. The serum calcium concentration more than 2.0 mmol/L, PTH level higher than 15 ng/L and PTH decline less than 50% had the good negative predicting value of 97.6%, 90.3% and 96.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPostoperative PTH and its decline level were significantly correlated with postoperative serum calcium concentration but had a low accuracy for predicting symptomatic hypocalcaemia. The serum calcium concentration more than 2.0 mmol/L, PTH level higher than 15 ng/L and PTH decline less than 50% had the good predicting value for asymptomatic patients. Calcium should be routinely supplemented in the first 24 h after total thyroidectomy to reduce the rate of hypocalcemia and the severity of hypocalcemia symptoms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; blood ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone ; analysis ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; adverse effects ; Young Adult