Objective To study the different effects of valsartan and extended realse nifedipine tablets on lowering blood pressure of essential hypertension patients and their reversal effects on left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods 100 cases of essential hypertension patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were randomly divided into valsartan group(group A) and adalt group(group B).Other antihypertensive drugs except diuretic were removed for 3 weeks.There were 50 cases in group A using valsartan 4～8mg qd,and 50 cases in group B using adalt 30～60 mg qd,the stud),lasted for 24 weeks.The blood pressure was measured and the altrasowic cardiogram examed in baseline and 24 weeks later.Results BP could be significantly reduced after treatment(P

To analyze the genetic characteristics of echovirus 6 (E6) isolated from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province, China, we collected cerebrospinal fluid samples from meningitis and encephalitis cases in Shandong Province from 2007 to 2012 for virus isolation. Viral RNAs were extracted from positive isolates, and complete VP1 coding regions were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Homology comparison and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Six isolates were identified as E6 by microneutralization assay and molecular typing. The homology analysis showed that the six isolates had 78. 6%-99. 8% nucleotide and 95. 5%-100. 0% amino acid identities with each other, as well as 76. 9%-78. 4% nucleotide and 92. 3%-95. 1% amino acid identities with the prototype strain (D' Amori). The phylogenetic analysis based on the integrated VP1 sequences indicated that all Shandong E6 isolates could be separated into four clusters, designated as A, B, C, and D. The six E6 isolates belonged to clusters A, B, and D. Our study reveals high genetic differences between Shandong E6 isolates and suggests different transmission lineages of E6 co-circulated in Shandong Province.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Echovirus 6, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Encephalitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningitis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Malignant cancer is the leading cause of death in man, exceeding cerebrovascular disease and heart disease. More than half of the total mortality due to malignant cancer is from lung, liver, intestinal and gastric cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the effective treatments for cancer. However, the great majority of Western anticancer medicines have considerable side effects. Herbal medicines offer many more advantages than synthesized compounds because they are made from purely natural compounds and have less adverse effects. However, the single administration methods used as standard in herbal medicine, and deficient drug targeting, severely limit their anticancer activity. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as drug carriers. They have been modified to form Chinese anticancer medicine-SWNT compounds which can specifically target tumors, thereby significantly increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of these medicines. Water-soluble SWNTs have high stability. As a drug carrier, SWNTs functional modification of the anticancer medicine may improve the targeting and killing of tumor cells. SWNTs have been attached to the Chinese antitumor medicines paclitaxel and plumbagin and have achieved excellent therapeutic effects. Furthermore, choosing the best administration methods such as internal iliac arterial infusion, intravesical infusion and embedment of a hypodermic chemotherapeutic pump, may also improve the anticancer effects of Chinese medicine.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Feasibility Studies ; Humans ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; chemistry ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

Objective:This study discusses the job preferences of Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)staffs at the prefectural-level,and provides a basis for the development of an effective incentive mechanism.Method:This study used a combination of stratified sampling and purposive sampling to research online 455 staffs from six prefectural-level CDCs in Shandong Province,analyzed the data using a mixed logit model and latent class model,and calculated willingness to pay and relative importance.Result:In the mixed logit model,income,benefit level,establishment,workload,recognition and respect from the public,personal career development opportunities,and training opportunities all had significant influences(P<0.05)on the job selection preferences of the CDC staffs,with hygiene factors such as establishment(β =2.636)and income(β =0.083)having a greater degree of influence than motivation factors.The latent class model shows that relatively young CDC staffs with lower monthly incomes value income more;older CDC staffs with higher monthly incomes value establishment more.Conclusion:Prefectural-level CDC staffs prefer jobs with establishment,higher incomes,very good benefit levels,recognition and respected from the public,lower workloads,many opportunities for personal career advancement and abundant training opportunities.It is recommended that the total number of establishments be rationally controlled and dynamically adjusted to balance the differences between working conditions within and outside the establishment and that the financial input to CDC be increased and the pay performance system be improved;that attention be paid to both hygiene factors and motivation factors,and that a variety of measures work together to incentivize CDC staffs development;and that differentiated incentives be adopted for different categories of CDC staffs.

Objective To analyze the evolution and genetic characterization of echovirus 11 (Echo11 ) from the acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in Shandong province. Methods Isolation of Enterovirus was performed from stool samples of AFP cases from 1994 to 2009. All positive strains were sero-typed by neutralization test. Entire VP1 coding region from 27 strains typed as Echo 11 was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and subsequently phylogenetic analyse on VP1 sequences from these strains and others published in GenBank were conducted. Results From 1994 to 2009, altogether 915 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) strains were isolated with 79(8.6% ) isolates serotyped as Echo11. There were 876 nucleotides (nt) in the complete VP1 genes, encoding 292 amino acids (aa). The nt identities were 76.4%-100.0% among those Echo11 Shandong strains with the aa identities as 91.4% -100.0%. The nt and aa identities were 77.7%-80.7% and 90.7%-94.8% between Shandong strains and prototype strains, respectively.Conclusion All Echo11 strains could be divided into four genotypes. Shandong strains that forming three (A1, A2 and C1) new sub-genotypes, with every sub-genotype had several brands.Sub-genotype A1 appeared to be the lately circulating one.

This study was purposed to investigate the changes of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood of acute leukemia children at different stages, the function of immune system and the possible roles of the CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells as well as NK cells in leukemia immunity. The number and proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 53 acute leukemia children, including 25 patients in new diagnosis and 28 patients in continuous complete remission (CCR), and were compared with that of 20 normal children. The results indicated that the mean proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) in CD4(+) T cells of peripheral blood in newly diagnosed patients, patients with CCR and normal children were (9.55 +/- 2.41)%, (8.54 +/- 2.51)% and (6.25 +/- 0.85)% respectively, the mean proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(+) in newly diagnosed patients and patients with CCR were higher than that in normal children, the mean proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(+) in newly diagnosed patients were higher than that in patients with CCR (p < 0.05). At the same time, the NK cell count in patients with acute leukaemia decreased as compared with normal control, while after achieving CCR, the NK cell count in patients were also less than that in normal control (4.11 +/- 3.87% and 10.41 +/- 7.20% vs 14.06 +/- 5.95%, p < 0.05). It is concluded that the application of CD4(+), CD25(+) and CD127(+) to detect regulatory T cells is a simple, reproductive and accurate method, and the CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(+) T cells can better reflect the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. The increase of regulatory T cells and decrease of NK cells in pediatric patients with acute leukemia indicate that the function of NK cells may be depressed. Treg T cells play a role in occurrence and development of leukemia, and are involved in down-regulating NK cell function.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Leukemia ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology

Objective To analyze the cadmium level of main food,and to preliminarily assess the risk of dietary cadmium exposure among residents in Yantai.Methods A total of 925 samples of 10 kinds of food groups were collected from 14 counties (or districts)of Yantai.Cadmium contents in food were determined according to GB/T 5009.15—2003,and then the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI)and the margins of safety(MOS)of cadmium were calculated by combining the concentration of cadmium in foods with food consumption data.Results The concentration of cadmium in 10 kinds of food groups was 26.47 μg/kg.The concentration of cadmium in sea foods was 92.48 μg/kg,and that was the highest among the 10 kinds of food groups.The concentration of cadmium in pluck,flour and vegetables were 47.35,33.25, 18.87 μg/kg respectively.Monthly dietary cadmium exposure quantity of flour,sea food,vegetable and rice was 295.70 μg,38.11 μg,32.09 μg and 10.87 μg,respectively.Flour as a most important contributor,contributed 76.09% of the total dietary cadmium exposure.Conclusion The average dietary cadmium exposure from the main food did not exceed the PTMI and the MOS was more than 1,so the level of dietary cadmium exposure is safe.However,based on the largest consumption of flour in Yantai and the high contribution rate of flour of dietary cadmium exposure,more attention should be paid to the possible cadmium contaminated wheat.

In previous study, molecular typing method was performed to identify human enteroviruses (HEVs) isolates collected from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases from 1989 to 2011 and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients, and 8 HEV-A serotypes were identified. In order to explore the genotypes and molecular evolution characteristics of HEV-A in Shandong province, viral RNA of the remaining isolates was extracted and entire VP1 coding region was amplified, sequenced and identified with HEV-A primers. Another 7 HEV-A Shandong isolates were obtained, and identified as Coxsackievirus A (CVA) 2, 6, 8 and 12 by molecular typing method. Homologous comparison showed that the nucleotide acid identities of Shandong strains ranged from 80.8% to 85.0% with prototype strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 sequences indicated that CVA8 and CVA12 strains were genetically related with domestic strains. However, CVA2 and CVA6 strains were distinct from both domestic and foreign strains. In addition, multiple transmission chains of CVA2 and CVA6 existed within Shandong province. So far, a total of 12 HEV-A serotypes were identified in Shandong province. This study enriched the distribution of serotypes and genetic evolution characteristics of HEV-A isolates in Shandong, and revealed different transmission chains of CVA2, 6, 8, 12 serotypes co-circulated in Shandong province or in China.
Child, Preschool ; China ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

To clarify the association between HLA-DPB1 alleles and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in South Chinese, the allelic types of HLA-DPB1 were detected by sequence based typing (SBT) in 86 patients with CML and 82 healthy individuals from Southern China. The results showed that the frequencies of HLA-DPB1 * 1301 and DPB1 * 20011 were higher in patients with CML in comparison with those of healthy individuals. It is concluded that positive association may exist between certain HLA-DPB1 alleles and CML.
Alleles ; Chi-Square Distribution ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; HLA-DP Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DP beta-Chains ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; genetics

To investigate the effect of a new reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) scavenger as immune adjuvant in NK cell-mediated killing effect on K562 cell, IL-2 and PHA were used to activate monocyte to produce ROM, and different concentrations of tiopronin as ROM scavenger was used in the cultivated systems with different ratio of monocytes plus NK cells and K562 cells, while histamine dihydrochloride (DHT) with different concentrations was used as positive control. The reuslts indicated that after IL-2 and PHA were supplemented in the cultivated systems mixing with NK cells and K562 cells as the E/T ratio was 10/1, the ROM production increased from 33.17 +/- 25.02 U/ml to 223.59 +/- 59.41 U/ml (P < 0.05) while K562 cell inhibition rate (KIR) increased from 65.56% to 85.89% (P < 0.05). When the monocytes as the E/MO ratios of 10/2, 10/5 and 10/10 were supplemented respectively, ROM production increased correspondingly (ROM production was 389.79 +/- 43.83 U/ml, 456.74 +/- 42.77 U/ml, 601.42 +/- 21.92 U/ml, respectively), and KIR was on the other round (KIR was 82.36%, 81.36%, 48.09% respectively). Tiopronin, DHT were used in the K562 + NK + MO + IL-2/PHA cultivated systems as the E/MO ratio was 10/2, the ROM production also decreased from 389.79 +/- 43.83 U/ml to -1.20 +/- 60.70 U/ml, 50.21 +/- 22.4 U/ml (P < 0.05), respectively, however KIR increased from 82.53% to 96.09% and 94.64% either (P < 0.05). Higher concentrations of tiopronin and DHT were used, ROM production decreased accordingly. There showed a reverse correlation between ROM production and KIR (r = -0.518). When E/MO ratio was 10/5 or 10/10, tiopronin at any testing concentration and DHT at the higher testing concentration could reduce the ROM production (P < 0.05), but did not improve KIR significantly (P > 0.05). Tiopronin was as good as DHT in ameliorating KIR (P > 0.05) and better than DHT in scavenging ROM (P < 0.05). It is concluded that (1) Monocytes are the major resources of ROM, and the ROM derived from monocytes can disable NK cells in killing neoplasm cells (K562 cells); (2) A new ROM scavenger, tiopronin, can scavenge ROM effectively, and reverse the ROM induced inhibition of NK cell-mediated killing of K562 cell in a certain extent. And tiopronin is better than DHT in scavenging ROM, and as good as DHT in up-regulating KIR. The new ROM scavenger tiopronin with less side effect may take the place of DHT as adjuvant during the adoptive immuno-therapy in leukemia.
Coculture Techniques ; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Killer Cells, Natural ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Tiopronin ; pharmacology