Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloride Channels ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Kidney ; cytology ; Osmotic Pressure ; Periplasm ; metabolism ; Swine

Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Cerebral Palsy ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To investigate the clinical feature,image of CT scan pulmonary,diagnosis and treatment response in children with pulmonary cavity,and discuss the method of diagnosis and the tactics of treatment for pulmonary cavity in children.Methods A retrospective study of 6 patients with pulmonary cavity,who were diagnosed and treated from Jul. 2003 to Oct. 2009 in Department of Pediatrics of the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University.The clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,image of CT scan pulmonary,microbiological evidence,diagnostic procedure and treatment response were collected and evaluated.Results Six patients all didn′t have history of lung di-sease,there were 4 boys and 2 girls,8-15 years old,average age was 10.5 years old.Two cases of them had unrelated pulmonary underlying diseases,1 case had hyperthyroidism,and the other had juvenile idiopathic arthritis and had complication of macrophage activation syndrome,the other 4 cases had no obvious history.All cases had fever (38-40 ℃),3 cases had cough and 1 case had chest pain.Staphylococcus aureus were cultured in 2 cases,no bacteria was cultured in other 4 cases;the count of white blood cell decreased in 2 cases and increased in 4 cases;C-reactive protein increased in 5 cases and was normal in 1 case;plasma IgE level increased in 2 cases and was normal in other 4 cases;plasma 1,3-beta-D-glucan of all 6 cases were negative.Pulmonary cavities were found in the first CT scan of the lungs in 5 cases and only 1 case of patient′s pulmonary cavities was found in the second CT scan of the lung.Five cases were diagnosed infective causes,1 case was diagnosed noninfectious cause,5 cases of infective causes had been treated with anti-microbial drugs for at least 1 week,1 case of noninfectious cause were treated with methylprednisolone cobined cyclosporin A for 2 weeks.Pulmonary CT scan was rechecked in all cases,and the state of the cases were improved before discharged from hospital.Conclusions The causes of pulmonary cavity in children are not only infective factors,but also some non-infective disease,especially some changes of image of pulmonary CT scan has diagnostic value,detailed past medical history and appropriate rechecking of chest radiographic check are very necessary for diagnosis,according to the result of microbial inspection and evaluation of treatment effect in time and then adjust the treatment protocols.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Shuanglong pill on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on aortic atherosclerotic plaque.MethodsAs atherosclerotic(AS) models of rabbits were made by immune injury plus hyperlipid diet, all rabbits were divided into blank control group(group Ⅰ,6), experimental control group(group Ⅱ, 6), captopril control group(group Ⅲ, 6; 10 mg/kg·d,12 weeks), and Shuanglong pill group(group Ⅳ, 6; 2.52 g/kg·d,12 weeks). Quantitive and qualitative analysis of expression of VEGF and BFGF on aortic atherosclerotic plaque were performed.ResultsExpressive area, density and density index of VEGF and bFGF on aortic atherosclerotic plaques were significantly decreased in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ than in group Ⅱ(P<0.01). There were significant decrease for VEGF expression in group Ⅳ than in group Ⅲ(P<0.01).Pathologic staining showed that there were no foam cells formation and no stained yellow in group Ⅰ, but mass foam cells formation and widespread stained yellow in group Ⅱ. There were a small quantity of foam cells formation and little stained yellow in group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ.ConclusionShuanglong pill can delay/reverse AS progression by inhibiting VEGF and bFGF expression in atherosclerotic plaque as well as captopril.

Objective To detect the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-32 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients,and analyze the relations between IL-32 and level of erythrocytes (ESR),creactive protein (CRP),rheumatoid factor (RF),the disease activity index 28 (DAS28) scores in RA patients.The aim of this study is to identify the clinical significance of IL-32 in RA patient.Methods We collected 97 specimens of peripheral blood from RA patients,including 36 RA patients with high active disease,33 RA patients with moderate active disease,28 RA patients with stable disease,36 non-RA connective tissue diseases (CTD) patients and 30 healthy volunteers.The mRNA levels of IL-32,TNF-α in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR).The concentration of IL-32,TNF-αt in plasma were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),one-way AN OVA and Spearman's corrclation and multiple linear regression were adopted for statistical analysis.Results ①The mRNA levels of IL-32 and TNF-α in active RA patients were higher than those in healthy control group (0.29±0.07,0.24±0.06 vs 0.11±0.06 for IL-32 in the high active RA group and moderate active RA group versus the healthy group; and 0.042±0.022,0.012±0.006 vs 0.004±0.002 for TNF-α in the high active RA group and moderate active RA group versus the healthy group,P＜0.01),and than those in stable RA patients,and non-RA CTD patients.There was no significant difference among the stable disease groups,healthy control group and non-RA CTD group in the level of mRNA.② The concentration of IL-32,TNF-α in the plasma of RA patients with active disease was higher than that of healthy control group [(107±42) pg/ml,(66±27) pg/ml vs (20±10) pg/ml for IL-32 in the high active RA group and moderate active RA group versus the healthy group; and (261±77) pg/ml,(186±84) pg/ml vs (72±20) pg/ml for TNF-αt in the high active RA group and moderate active RA group versus the healthy group,P＜0.01].③ The expression levels of IL-32 was positively correlated with the level of TNF-α,ESR,CRP,RF,DAS28 scores in the plasma of RA patients (r=0.568,0.321,0.185,0.325,0.303 respectively,P＜0.01).④ The expression levels of IL-32 was positively correlated with the level of TNF-α (the regression coefficients and P values were b=1.721,P＜0.01 and b=0.176,P＜0.01 respectively).Conclusion The levels of IL-32 in peripheral blood may be used as an indicator for disease activity of RA.

Phytantriol (PT), ethanol (ET) and water were used to prepare in situ cubic liquid crystal (ISV2). The pseudo-ternary phase diagram of PT-ET-water was constructed and isotropic solution formulations were chosen for further optimization. The physicochemical properties of isotropic solution formulations were evaluated to optimize the composition of ISV2. In situ hexagonal liquid crystals (ISH2) were prepared based on the composition of ISV2 with the addition of vitamin E acetate (VitEA) and the amount of VitEA was optimized by in vitro release behavior. The phase structures of liquid crystalline gels formed by ISV2 and ISH2 in excess water were confirmed by crossed polarized light microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Rheological properties of ISV2 and ISH2 were studied by a DHR-2 rheometer. In vitro drug release studies were conducted by using a dialysis membrane diffusion method. Pharmacokinetics was investigated by determination of sinomenine hydrochloride (SMH) concentration in synovial membrane after intra-articular injection of SMH-loaded ISH2 in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. The optimal ISV2 (PT/ET/water, 64 : 16 : 20, w/w/w) loaded with 6 mg x g(-1) of SMH showed a suitable pH, injectable and formed a cubic liquid crystalline gel in situ with minimum water absorption in the shortest time. The optimal ISV2 was able to sustain the drug release for 144 h. The optimal ISH2 system was prepared by addition of 5% VitEA into PT in the optimal ISV2 system. This ISH2 (PT/VitEA/ET/water, 60.8 : 3.2 : 16 : 20, w/w/w/w) was an injectable isotropic solution with suitable pH. The new ISH2 was able to sustain the drug release for more than 240 h. Local pharmacokinetics study indicated that the retention time and AUC(0-∞) of ISH2 group were increased significantly compared with that of SMH solution group and the AUC(0-∞) of ISH2 group was 6.01 times higher than that of SMH solution group. The developed ISH2 was suitable for intra-articular injection that may apply to patients in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Diffusion ; Ethanol ; Fatty Alcohols ; Gels ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Liquid Crystals ; Morphinans ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rheology ; Water ; alpha-Tocopherol

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of three-dimensional CT(3D-CT) in the treatment of oblique facial clefts with mandibular outer cortex, including the surgical design and results assessment.

METHODSFrom Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2013, 22 cases with oblique facial cleft, who underwent mandibular outer cortex onlay bone graft were retrospectively studied. 3D images from CT data were reconstructed before operation for design. Then the mandibular outer cortex onlay bone transplant was performed to reconstruct the bone defect and cleft. 3D CT was performed 5-10 days postoperatively and 6- 12 months postoperatively to assess the facial symmetry.

RESULTSAccording to the results of CT measurement, the average volume of the orbital bone defects on the affected side decreased by(64. 6 ± 14. 4)% 5 to 10 days after operation. The average volume of the maxillary and zygomatic bone defects on the affected side decreased by(71.4 ± 15.7)% after surgery. After 6 to 12 months,the average recovery of the mandibular donor site was (57. 9 ± 13. 9)% of the removed mandibular outer cortex. The average absorption of grafted bones was(24.7 ± 25.6 )%. The average height difference between the centre of pupils on both sides before surgery was(3.76 ± 1.27) mm,which decreased to( 1. 15 ± 1.00) mm 5 to 10 days after surgery(P =0. 000) , and( 1.35 ± 1. 13) mm 6 to 12 months after surgery(P = 0. 003). The relapse may be caused by the absorption of the grafted bones.

CONCLUSIONS3D-CT can be used for preoperative design and postoperative assessment in the treatment of oblique facial cleft with mandibular outer cortex.

Bone Transplantation ; Cleft Palate ; surgery ; Craniofacial Dysostosis ; surgery ; Eye Abnormalities ; surgery ; Facial Bones ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; transplantation ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Transplant Donor Site

Objective To explore the effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on arsenic metabolism of people exposed to different concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.Methods Residents in Shanxi exposed to different concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and age ≥ 18 years old adults were chosen as the subjects for this study in 2008,the subjects were divided into three groups according to the concentrations of arsenic in drinking water: high-arsenic exposure group (more than 0.05 mg/L),low-arsenic exposure group (between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L) and control group(less than 0.01 mg/L),excluded recently had eaten seafood and had poisoning symptoms of chronic arsenic in drinking water in the crowd.Smoking and alcohol drinking habits were investigated by questionnaire.Arsenic species in the urine samples were detected with hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy.Total arsenic(tAs) was the sum of iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％.iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％ were calculated as iAs/tAs,MMA/tAs and DMA/tAs,respectively.The first methylation ratio(FMR) and the secondary methylation ratio(SMR) were calculated as (MMA + DMA)/tAs and DMA/(MMA + DMA),respectively.Results Three hundred and ninety-five adults were chosen in this study.In the high exposure group the alcohol drinking and smoking subjects had higher MMA％(16.24％) but lower SMR(82.19％ ) than the non-drinking and non-smoking subjects (12.16％ and 86.13％,respectively).The differences of both MMA％ and SMR were significant(P ＜ 0.05 ).No significant difference was observed between the non-smoking/non-drinking subjects and the smoking or the drinking subjects(all P ＞ 0.05 ).In the low exposure group there were higher MMA％( 13.86％,13.99％) lower DMA％(72.87％,77.76％)and lower SMR (83.48％,83.90％ ) in those with smoking or drinking/smoking compared with the non-drinking and non-smoking subjects (11.83％,80.35％ and 86.54％,respectively,all P ＜0.05 ).No significant difference was observed between drinkers and non-drinking/non-smoking subjects(P ＞ 0.05).In the control group there were a higher MMA％( 17.27％,17.06％) lower DMA％ (73.89％,72.29％) and lower SMR (81.48％,82.58％ ) in those with smoking or drinking/smoking compared with the non-drinking and nonsmoking subjects( 11.52％,79.68％ and 87.19％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed between drinkers and the non-drinking/non-smoking subjects (all P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionThe arsenic methylation capacity of people with drinking and smoking is poorer than that of non-drinking and non-smoking subjects after arsenic exposure.

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of photoelectric treatment instrument on simple obesity.

METHODSSixty cases of simple obesity were randomly divided into two groups, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with photoelectric treatment instrument combined with acupuncture, i.e. after acupuncture, the electrodes of XS-998A photoelectric treatment instrument were placed at points of the abdomen, with the laser out-put head on Shenque (CV 8), Shuifen (CV 9) or the parts with much fat, or close to the liver area for the patient of fat liver. The control group were treated with routine acupuncture alone. Changes of main symptoms and signs, and BMI before and after treatment were investigated in the two groups.

RESULTSThe symptoms and signs, and BMI were more significantly improved in the treatment as compared with the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture combined with laser radiation at the relative area on the abdomen can increase the therapeutic effect on obesity.

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Obesity ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Smell ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult