SUMMARY Objective:To investigate the influence of cryoprotectants and cooling rates in vitrificationmethod on the spindles of rabbit M Ⅱ oocytes.Methods:Rabbit oocytes were verified by using cryoloopwith ethylene glycol(EG)singly or EG combined with dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)as cryoprotectants,and cooled by taking oocytes directly into liquid nitrogen or by vitrification machine.After frozen rabbit o-ocytes thawed,the microtubulin and chromosome of the spindles were fixation and stained by immunofluo-rescent method.Confocal microscope was used to reveal spindle configuration.Results:In the two proto-cols of single EG used and EG combined with DMSO,the spindles were severely injured.But in protocolof EG combined with DMSO and at ultra-rapid cooling rate,the normal configuration of spindle rate ofthawed rabbit oobytes was similar to that of the control group.Conclusion:The protocol of EG combinedwith DMSO as cryoprotectants and with extremely high cooling rate by vitrification machine can producethe best effect on conservation of spindle configuration in vitrification of rabbit oocytes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Smell ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the clinical effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and different lacation ways on children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with BTX-A were employed in our study;these patients were performed locations of electromyography (n=60) and reverse stretching hand (n=60), and then, they were equally sub-divided into 6 groups, respectively: receiving injection of BTX-A at doses of 3, 4 and 5 U/kg, respectively (n=20).After injection, they were commenced functional training for 3 months. The gross motor assessment scale (GMFM) was used to assess the motor function of functional areas in these children 3 months after the training. The modified Ashworth scale was used to assess the degree of muscle spasticity. Results The scores of GMFM in patients received treatment with location of electromyography increased as compared with those with reverse stretching hand (P< 0.05), but the scores had no statistically significances among different doses of BTX-A treatment groups (P> 0.05). The Ashwort grade in patients received treatment with location of electromyography alleviated as compared with those with reverse stretching hand (P<0.05), but no statistically significance of grading was noted among different doses of BTX-A treatment groups (P>0.05). Conclusion All parameters in patients received treatment with location of electromyography improve better than those with reverse stretching hand after injection of same dose of BTX-A.

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Gibbs artifact is often introduced by the reconstruction involving only part of the k-space data. The current methods of Gibbs artifact reduction are generally based on the k-space data. In this paper, an image processing method based on inverse diffusion is proposed. This method is directly applied to the MR images, which can achieve the reduction of artifacts while enhancing the edge by the diffusion of pixel gray value. Experiments showed that the Gibbs artifact was effectively reduced and the valuable details of the images were maintained.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Diffusion ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods

AIMTo study the effects of ginkgolide B on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)--induced TNFalpha production in mouse peritoneal macrophages and NF-kappaB activation in rat pleural polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

METHODSL929 crystal violet staining assay was used to show the level of TNFalpha released from mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to determine NF-kappaB binding activities.

RESULTSGinkgolide B (1, 10 micromol x L(-1)) was shown to significantly inhibit LPS (10 mg x L(-1))-induced TNFalpha production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, the IC50 was 0.26 micromol x L(-1); LPS (1 mg x L(-1)) and PAF (1 nmol , L(-1)) were shown to increase the NF-kappaB binding activities in rat pleural polymorphonuclear leukocytes; ginkgolide B (10 micromol x L(-1)) was found to inhibit LPS (1 mg x L(-1))-induced NF-kappaB activation in rat pleural polymorphonuclear leukocytes; ginkgolide B (1, 10 micromol x L(-1)) was shown to inhibit PAF (1 nmol x L(-1))-induced NF-kappaB activation in rat pleural polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

CONCLUSIONThe inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and TNFalpha production might be considered to be part of the mechanisms underlying the antiinflammatory action of ginkgolide B; PAF is involved in activation of the NF-kappaB pathway stimulated with LPS.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Diterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; Lactones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Neutrophils ; enzymology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Platelet Activating Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

The clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation was systematically reviewed. By computerized and manual retrieval of clinical research literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation, the randomized control trials (RCTs) that met the inclusive criteria were collected. Cochrane systematic review method was used and Revmen 5.2 software was adopted to perform this Meta analysis. Totally 8 articles were included, involving 610 cases of post-stroke constipation. As a result, the total effective rate and cured rate of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke constipation were significantly superior to those of the control group [total effective rate: OR = 2.10, 95% CI (1.25, 3.54), Z = 2.78, P = 0.005; cured rate: OR = 2.37, 95% CI (1.57, 3.58), Z = 4.10, P < 0.0001]. This result indicated that acupuncture was effective for post-stroke constipation and had some advantages compared with other therapies. But the quality of included RCTs was low, and high-quality, large-sample and multi-center RCTs were needed to perform further verification.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Constipation ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Stroke ; complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the impact of pain care standard training on the pain-related knowledge and attitude of junior nurses in orthopedics department.Methods The standard pain care training was done for the junior nurses in the orthopedics department. The scores of questionnaires related to pain-related knowledge and attitude were collected and compared between pre-and post-training. Result There was significant statistical difference in the measurements related to the junior nurse’s knowledge and attitude between pre-and post-standard training(P<0.05).Conclusion The standard pain care training can enhance junior nurses knowledge,improve the attitude towards pain,and set up apporiate pain management behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on cell proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 to seek an effective and safe drug for gastric cancer chemoprevention. METHODS: Gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 was cultured to 80% fusion. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to quantify the influence of celecoxib in the proliferation, cell period, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. The expression of p21 and Fas by RT-PCR were investigated on gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 by the effect of different celecoxib concentrations. RESULTS: Growth of BGC-823 cells was inhibited by celecoxib in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.05).Flow cytometry showed that celecoxib increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase, whereas decreased the proportion of cells in S phase and increased the apoptotic rates of cells in a concentration-dependent manner from 0 to 100 micromol/L in gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 (P<0.05). RT-PCR detection showed that the treated BGC-823 cells had increased the expression of p21 and Fas, which was also in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Celecoxib inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, which may be related to blocking the cell cycle progress by increasing the expression of p21 and inducing the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by increasing the expression of Fas.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Celecoxib ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the Th17/Th1 response in HIV infected patients and the mutual relationship between the response of Th17 and Th1.

METHODS38 chronic HIV infected patients as well as 24 healthy volunteers were performed in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, one group before treatment, the other after therapy. The whole blood intracellular cytokine staining was used, samples detected by BD FACSCanto, after that, the expression of CD4+ IL-17+ T cell and CD4 IFN-gamma+ T cell were analyzed by FACSDiva software and lastly compared the differences among different groups.

RESULTSThe expression of CD4+ IL-17+ T cell in naive-therapy patients were significantly lower than that of the healthy controls (1.14 +/- 0.7)9% vs (3.98 +/- 1.14)%, P = 0.000, but increased remarkably after HARRT(highly antiretroviral treatment) (2.22 +/- 1.00)%, P = 0.001; however there were no significant differences in the expression of CD4+ IFN-gamma+ T cell before and after therapy (34.35 +/- 24.38)% vs (42.10 +/- 15.57%), also with the healthy control (P = 0.383). The frequency of CD4 IL-17+ T cell was positively correlated with CD4+ T counts (R = 0.345, P = 0.034), but no significant correlations was observed between the expression of CD4+ IFN-gamma T cell and CD4+ T counts (R = -0.247, P = 0.136).

CONCLUSIONThe infection of HIV virus down-regulated Th17 immune response and disturbed the balances between Th17 and Th1 evidently in human. Th17 response may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection.

Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; HIV ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-17 ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate pathological changes in the epileptogenic foci of children with intractable epilepsy and their clinical significance.

METHODSThirty children with intractable epilepsy were included in the study. The epileptogenic foci were surgically resected and pathological changes in the obtained specimens were observed under a light microscope (LM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

RESULTSUnder the LM, cortical dysplasia was found in 14 cases (47%), hippocampal sclerosis in 11 cases (37%), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in 1 case (3%), ganglioglioma in 1 case (3%), and encephalomalacia in 3 cases (10%). The TEM observation revealed pathological changes in the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, such as changes in the number of synapses and synaptic structure, decrease in neurons and karyopyknosis, swelling and degeneration of astrocytes, and changes in mitochondrial structures.

CONCLUSIONSPathological changes in the hippocampus and extra-hippocampal cortex, especially synaptic remodeling, may be the morphological basis for spontaneous recurrent seizures in children with intractable epilepsy. The pathological changes and epileptiform activity are related to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.

Adolescent ; Brain ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission