This article is to explore the practical application of concept maps in nursing teaching practice to make it as a learning tool to promote undergraduates to make a meaningful study. Besides, the results is applied in research on improving the teaching method so as to provide an effective teaching policy and evaluation tools to promote the scientific research and clinical practice in nursing care.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of children with lupus nephritis(LN).Methods The data of 116 inpatients from Mar.2000 to Nov.2008 with LN were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical,immunochemical and pathological data were recorded.Renal tissue was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy after HE,PAS,Masson and PASM staining according to WHO standards.Follow-up results showed complete remission,partial remission,disease activity,renal insufficiency and death.Results Of the 116 cases of LN,there were 27 male and 89 female with a ratio of male to female 1.03.3,and the mean age was(12.0?2.2) years.The incidence of nephrotic syndrome was 63.8 %(74 cases),and acute nephritis was 21.5%(25 cases).Class Ⅳ LN was the most frequent type(14 cases,50%) and classⅢ was next(25 cases,21.5%).In view of the outcome,rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and class Ⅳ LN were the worst.LN was initially controlled in 96.5% of the patients.Relapses of LN were most caused by the intermittent treatment.Totally 32 cases showed different renal injury,and 6 cases progressed to death.Conclusions Renal biopsy is important to diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of LN.Long and regular treatment is important for children with LN.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Erythroid Precursor Cells ; drug effects ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; drug effects ; Mice ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

SUMMARY Objective:To investigate the influence of cryoprotectants and cooling rates in vitrificationmethod on the spindles of rabbit M Ⅱ oocytes.Methods:Rabbit oocytes were verified by using cryoloopwith ethylene glycol(EG)singly or EG combined with dimethyl sulphoxide(DMSO)as cryoprotectants,and cooled by taking oocytes directly into liquid nitrogen or by vitrification machine.After frozen rabbit o-ocytes thawed,the microtubulin and chromosome of the spindles were fixation and stained by immunofluo-rescent method.Confocal microscope was used to reveal spindle configuration.Results:In the two proto-cols of single EG used and EG combined with DMSO,the spindles were severely injured.But in protocolof EG combined with DMSO and at ultra-rapid cooling rate,the normal configuration of spindle rate ofthawed rabbit oobytes was similar to that of the control group.Conclusion:The protocol of EG combinedwith DMSO as cryoprotectants and with extremely high cooling rate by vitrification machine can producethe best effect on conservation of spindle configuration in vitrification of rabbit oocytes.

OBJECTIVETo verify the regulatory effects of acupuncture on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at stable phase.

METHODSThirty cases of COPD were randomly divided into a treatment group (16 cases) and a placebo group (14 cases). Based on specified aerobic exercise, acupuncture was applied in the treatment group and placebo acupuncture was used in the placebo group. The acupoints included Danzhong (CV 17), Rugen (ST 18), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25) and so on. The needle did not penetrate into the skin for the placebo group. The treatment was required for 2 to 3 times per week for totally 5 weeks. The indices of exercise tolerance, including 6-min walking distance (6-MWD), exercise time, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) were observed in two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTS(1) Exercise tolerance: the differences of 6-MWD and exercise time were statistically significant between groups, which were more superior in the treatment group (both P<0.01); the VO2max was significantly increased after treatment in the treatment group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05). (2) Pulmonary ventilation function: the differences of FEV1%, FEV1/FVC and MVV% were statistically significant between groups, which were more superior in the treatment group (P<0.05, P<0.01); (3) SGRQ: the SGRQ was significantly improved after treatment in the treatment group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture could improve the exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at stable phase, and shorten the onset time of aerobic exercise. Besides, acupuncture combined with aerobic exercise could effectively improve the pulmonary function.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Exercise Tolerance ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; physiopathology ; therapy

Phytantriol (PT), ethanol (ET) and water were used to prepare in situ cubic liquid crystal (ISV2). The pseudo-ternary phase diagram of PT-ET-water was constructed and isotropic solution formulations were chosen for further optimization. The physicochemical properties of isotropic solution formulations were evaluated to optimize the composition of ISV2. In situ hexagonal liquid crystals (ISH2) were prepared based on the composition of ISV2 with the addition of vitamin E acetate (VitEA) and the amount of VitEA was optimized by in vitro release behavior. The phase structures of liquid crystalline gels formed by ISV2 and ISH2 in excess water were confirmed by crossed polarized light microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Rheological properties of ISV2 and ISH2 were studied by a DHR-2 rheometer. In vitro drug release studies were conducted by using a dialysis membrane diffusion method. Pharmacokinetics was investigated by determination of sinomenine hydrochloride (SMH) concentration in synovial membrane after intra-articular injection of SMH-loaded ISH2 in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. The optimal ISV2 (PT/ET/water, 64 : 16 : 20, w/w/w) loaded with 6 mg x g(-1) of SMH showed a suitable pH, injectable and formed a cubic liquid crystalline gel in situ with minimum water absorption in the shortest time. The optimal ISV2 was able to sustain the drug release for 144 h. The optimal ISH2 system was prepared by addition of 5% VitEA into PT in the optimal ISV2 system. This ISH2 (PT/VitEA/ET/water, 60.8 : 3.2 : 16 : 20, w/w/w/w) was an injectable isotropic solution with suitable pH. The new ISH2 was able to sustain the drug release for more than 240 h. Local pharmacokinetics study indicated that the retention time and AUC(0-∞) of ISH2 group were increased significantly compared with that of SMH solution group and the AUC(0-∞) of ISH2 group was 6.01 times higher than that of SMH solution group. The developed ISH2 was suitable for intra-articular injection that may apply to patients in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Diffusion ; Ethanol ; Fatty Alcohols ; Gels ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Liquid Crystals ; Morphinans ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rheology ; Water ; alpha-Tocopherol

The optimized cultural medium of fermentation for Candida sp.mutant strain YQ5 to produce S-adenosylmethionine was studied.The results of single factor experiment showed that the most favorable pH value,carbon source,nitrogen source organic nutrient is 6.0,8% sucrose,1.5% tryptone and 2% yeast extract,respectively.As to inorganic salts,MgSO4?7H2O,CaCl2,FeSO4?7H2O,CoCl2,CuSO4?5H2O,H3BO3 could improve accumulation of the intercellular SAM.The ingredients of the culture medium are also opti-mized by the orthogonal experiment.Fermentation for 48 h under the optimal condition resulted in AdoMet production at 1740.0 mg/L.

Objective To study CT and MRI appearance of transient hepatic attenuation difference (THAI)) .to reveal the cause of THAD),and to avoid false positive and misdiagnosis.Methods 10 cases appearing THAD in CT and 5 cases appearing THAI) in MRI were reviewed and all were processed with plain scan and dy- namic contrast with CT or MRI.Results 7 cases appeared transienl hypertransfusion of CT,4 cases appeared tran- sient hypertransfusion of MRI;3 cases appeared transient Hypoperfusion of CT,1 case appeared transient hypoperfu- sion of MRI.Conclusion The appearance of THAD in CT and MRI,was related to the quick-scan with CT and MRI only sufficient comprehension of the characteristics of blood supply in normal physiology and pathology of liver, combined with plain scan,could make correct decision possible in the final diagnosis when it occurred regional perfu- sion difference in liver.

Objective To observe tigecycline (TGC),minocycline (MH)and polymyxin B (PB)in vitro antibacterial activity of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-Ab)for clinical treatment,provide the basis for infection control.Methods Collected 76 patients’clinical specimens used for no repeat count of isolation and identification with pan-resistant Acineto-bacter baumannii in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2013 to March 2013.Used tigecycline,minocycline and polymyxin B to do susceptibility testing with disk diffusion method (KB).Results 76 pan-resistant Acinetobacter bau-mannii ,sensitive to the rate for tigecycline and polymyxin B were 100% sensitivity rate of minocycline and intermediary rates were 67.11%,27.63%.Conclusion Tigecycline,minocycline and polymyxin B for the Pan-resistant Acinetobacter bau-mannii had good in vitro antibacterial activity.It provide a reference for clinical pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infec-tions caused by diseases treatment.

Objective To explore the reasons and preventive measures of early dislocation after total hip arthroplasty in elder patients. Method A retrospective study was done to analyze dislocation time, reason and time of 168 elderly patients with early anti-dislocation after total hip arthroplasty in joint surgery. Results Only 7 patients (4.1%) had type I joint dislocation, including 2 male and 5 female patients aged 65~89 years. The dislocation happened in 4~5 weeks postoperatively, mainly resulting from hip joint over flexion when urinating in bed, sleep-turning, loaded-moving, walking and stoop and diachoresis. Conclusions For the elderly patients after total hip replacement, it is type I dislocation which happened 4 ~ 5 weeks after operation, more femal than male, reasons including over-exercrse. Effective prevention measures includes regular rehabilitation training, early precautions enhanced mental support and safety nursing.