Oocytes are the germ cells of female animals, which determine the reproductive ability of female animals. A large amount of lipids are present in oocytes, which are found in lipid droplets mostly in the form of triglycerides. The size, color and distribution pattern of lipid droplets are associated with the developmental ability of oocytes. Triglycerides could be lipolyzed into fatty acids in oocytes. The fatty acid β-oxidation is an important energy source for the development of oocytes and early embryos. However, excessive lipid deposition would increase levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the dysfunction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, eventually impairing the subsequent oocyte development. By summarizing the positive and negative effects of lipids on oocyte development, this review shows the dual roles of lipids in oocyte development, and discusses the effects of lipids on oocyte development.

0.05)and no significant statistical difference was found.But the successful rate of first therapy of group A was 71.42%(85/119)and group B was 56.20%(77/137)(P

OBJECTIVETo probe the implant-bone-interface stress distribution of zygomatic implant denture concerning different implant sites.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element model for severe atrophy maxillary posterior-tooth area was established biomechanically in this study by computer technique and zygomatic implant was simulated into the model in the first-maxillary-premolar region, the second-maxillary-premolar region, the first-maxillary-molar region and the second-maxillary-molar region respectively. Vertical loading, buccal (30 degrees) loading and lingual (30 degrees) loading were preformed, 100 N. Then these load cases were calculated and analyzed.

RESULTS1) When the implant site was placed in the first-maxillary-premolar region, the buccal side of zygomatic implant exposed out of the bone and didn't meet the clinical request. 2) As far as the tensile stress peak value in the maxillary posterior-tooth area was concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-molar region, and then the medium value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-premolar region, and the smallest was recorded when the implant in the first-maxillary-molar region. As far as the compressive stress peak value in the maxillary posterior-tooth area was concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was placed in the second-maxillary-molar region, and then the medium was recorded when the implant was in the first-maxillary-molar region, and the smallest value was presented when the implant was in the second-maxillary-premolar region. As far as the tensile and compressive stress peak values in the zygomatic area were concerned, the highest value was recorded when the implant was in the second-maxillary-premolar region, and then the medium value when the implant was in the first-maxillary-molar region, and the smallest when the implant was in the second-maxillary-molar region.

CONCLUSIONThe first-maxillary-molar region is the best implant site of zygomatic implant denture.

Bicuspid ; Dental Implants ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dentures ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To investigate the effects of Matrine on Akt protein expression in the myocardial tissue in mice with viral myocarditis(VMC) and to approach Matrine's protective mechanism.Methods Four-week-old healthy male Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2ml of 100TCID50 Coxsackie virus B3(CVB3) every day(the.total is for 3 days) to construct VMC animal model. A total of 120 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:Matrine treatment groups including high does(80 mg/kg), midst does (40 mg/kg) , lower does (20 mg/kg); Ribavirin group; virus group and control group.The medicine treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with equal volume solution starting from 60minutes after CVB3 were inoculated in the last time, the total days of administering medicine is for10 days.And control group were injected with 0.2ml of 0.9% sodium chloride instead of medicine. Six animals were killed in the 5th and the 10th day after administering medicine in each group for determination apoptosis (by Tunel method). Protein expression of Phospho-AktSer-473 were detected in the 10th day after treatment (by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot respectively). Results Compared with control group, apoptotic cells in virus group were increased (P＜0.05). The groups of Matrine treatment can significantly decrease apoptosis of myocardial tissue of VMC animals, and Matrine(40 mg/kg) can significantly increase phosphorylation of Aktser-473 in the myocardial tissue as compared with virus group. Conclusion Matrine can reduce myocardium apoptosis of VMC animals by promoting phosphorylation of AktSer-473 in the myocardial tissue to provides concrete protection against CVB3 infection.

Objective To establish the reference ranges for fetal cardiac axis in the mid-second trimester and to evaluate the use of fetal cardiac axis in prenatal diagnosis.Methods 6744 unselected singleton pregnancies were enrolled from September 2008 to October 2010.Routine screening scan of second trimester and fetal echocardiography were performed at 18- 23+6 weeks gestation.Fetal cardiac axis was measured on the four-chamber view of the heart.Results The 6744 fetuses had a mean cardiac axis of (37.03 ± 6.10)°,ranging from 9.80° to 102.41°. Using above or below 95％ range of population (26.63° -49.40°) as a cut-off,there were significant difference of cardiac axis between normal group [(36.96 ± 5.91)°,P ＜0.01] and the group with heart defects [(43.12 ± 15.67)°,P ＜0.01],the group with intrathoricic anomalies or abdominal wall defect [(51.74 ± 15.97)°].ConclusionsThe reference ranges of fetal cardiac axis for local population in mid-second trimester may helpful for detecting congenital defects.Presence of an abnormal cardiac axis in the fetuses is associated with a substantial risk of congenital heart disease and/or other extra cardiac defects.

Objective To analyze the normal anatomy of petrosal vein and the space adjacent relationship between the petrosal vein and the homolateral trigeminal nerve by balanced turbo field echo (B-TFE) Cine-MR imaging and enhanced T1 high-resolution isotropic volume excitation (e-THRIVE)imaging.Methods Forty-one patients with facial spasm and epileptiform neuralgia were selected and taken a scan with ACHIEVA NOVA DUAL A-serial 1.5T MR machine using the BTFE and e-THRIVE series.The space adjacent relationship between the petrosal vein and the trigeminal nerve in cerebellopontine angle were observed.Results The 82 sides of petrosal veins and homolateral trigeminal nerves (41 cases) were displayed well.Petrosal veins were located in cavitas subarachnoidealis,partly in free state; the number of trunk ofpetrosal vein could be 1,2,3,respectively,responding to 70 (86%),10 (12%),2 (2%).The petrosal veins located in the dorsal-lateral of trigeminal nerve were found in 74 sides (37 cases,91%,by BTFE,e-THRIVE series),the petrosal veins located in the ventri-lateral of trigeminal nerve in 6 sides (3 cases,7%,by e-THRIVE series),and the petrosal veins located in the right upon trigeminal nerve in 2 sides (1 cases,2%,by BTFE series).Conclusion B-TFE MR imaging and e-THR/VE imaging,showing the petrosal veins and trigeminal nerves clearly and evaluating their relationship accurately,can provide information of topographic anatomy before microsurgical vascular decompression.

Objective To survey the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and fractional anisotropy (FA) value ofpontine cistern section of the trigeminal nerve, and understand the characteristics of various parameters of trigeminal nerve pontine cistern section. Methods The distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem in 50 healthy volunteers were recorded, and fusion images of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with B-TFE or THRIVE were achieved to improve the spatial resolution of the pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve; their ADC value and FA value were recorded, separately. Tracing image formation was noted in the pontine cistern section of the trigeminal or trifacial nerve. Results The ADC and FA results of the left side and right flank of pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve in these healthy volunteers were not statistically different (P＜0.05). The closer to the brain stem, the more asymmetrical tendency of distance from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem between both sides. DTI indicated that the ADC values between each 2 distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mum of brain stem between both sides were significantly different: the ADC values increased along with the distance elevating gradually, but rotated suddenly at the line of 6-9 mm. The FA value increased in 0-6 mm along with the distance reducing gradually, and the neighboring 2 distances had remarkably statistical difference, but the FA value no longer obviously changed from the line of 6-9 mm. Conclusion DTI can distinguish the two-sided trigeminal nerve brain pond section clearly, and may realize each item of DTI. Regular changes are noted in FA and ADC values along with the different distances from pontine cistern section of the trifacial nerve to 0, 3, 6 and 9 mm of brain stem,indicating that DTI enjoys perspective in being clear about the discrimination of cranial nerve CNS section, the change-over portion and the PNS section, and in detecting the cranial nerve vascular compression.

OBJECTIVETo detect and study the types of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents from Da Xing-An Mountains Forest areas of China.

METHODSNested PCR was performed to amplify 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B. burgdorferi. Positive products were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), specimens showing unique RFLP profile were sequenced and analysed.

RESULTS1336 Ixodes persulcatus, 144 Dermacento silvarum, 144 Haemaphysalis concinna and 145 rodents of 9 species were collected from 16 sections of Da Xing-An Mountains Forest areas of China. Specific fragments were amplified from 293 I. persulcatus and 6 D. silvarum and 5 rodents of 4 species. B. burgdorferi was not detected in H. concinna. Among the positively tested I. persulcatus, 209 contained B. garinii genospecies and 45 contained B.afzelii genospecies based on RFLP. Moreover, B.garinii genospecies consisted of B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29. 17 adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29. Nine adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. afzelii. Four adult I. persulcatus were simultaneously infected with B. garinii 20047 and B. garinii NT29 and B. afzelii. Two D. silvarum were infected with B. garinii 20047, 1 D. silvarum with B. garinii 20047, 2 D. silvarum with B. afzelii. 3 rodents were infected with B. garinii 20047 while 2 rodents were infected with B. garinii NT29. Mixed infection was not found in D. silvarum and rodents. In addition, nine I. persulcatus and one D. silvarum specimens showed unique RFLP pattern. Data from sequential analysis showed that they all belonged to B. garinii. PCR-SSCP profiles of 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of B. burgdorferi in the positive specimens exceeded 36 types; B. garinii 20047 showed 16 types while B. garinii NT29 showing 11 types, B. afzelii showing 9 types. SSCP profiles of the specimens coinfected with multiple B. burgdorferi was relatively complex.

CONCLUSIONThe infection of B. burgdorferi was found in the ticks and rodents in Da Xing-An Mountains Forests areas. The infection rate of I. persulcatus was high. B. garinii was predominant genospecies, and the population of B. burgdorferi was heterogeneous in the area. Mixed infections of different B. burgdorferi genospecies in ticks were found. I. persulcatus and Clethrionomys rufocanus were possibly served as major vector and major host for B. burgdorferi, respectively, suggesting that further study is needed to confirm the coinfection in humans and animals in this region.

Animals ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lyme Disease ; epidemiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; RNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Rodentia ; microbiology ; Ticks ; microbiology ; Trees

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy of the facial artery using 16-slice spiral CT angiography (CTA).

METHODSForty-five patients without vascular pathologies or other anomalies underwent 16-slice spiral CT angiography after injection of 350 mg I/ml Omnipaque through the ulnar vein. MIP and volume rendering of the images were performed to analyze the left and right facial artery.

RESULTSThe left facial artery arose from the external carotid artery with the distances from the carotid artery bifurcation of 4.5-47.90 mm (mean 18.77-/+8.98 mm), and in 1 case (2.2%), the artery arose from the common carotid artery. The right facial artery arose from the external carotid artery in all the 45 cases (100%) with distances from the carotid artery bifurcation of 6.8-39.70 mm (mean 19.23-/+8.25 mm). The bilateral facial arteries more commonly arose from the external carotid artery independently, and the lingual artery and facial artery sharing the same trunk arising from the external carotid artery was less common. In 1 case, the left facial artery and the submental artery shared the same trunk, and in another case, the left facial artery, thyroid artery and lingual artery shared the same trunk. The diameter of the left facial artery ranged from 1.40 to 4.70 mm (mean 2.83-/+0.77 mm), and that of the right facial artery was 1.60-4.30 mm (mean 2.81-/+0.79 mm). The left facial artery ended below the angle of the mouth in 12 cases (26.67%), between the angle of the mouth and the nasal wing in 7 cases (15.56%), and above the nasal wing in 26 cases (57.77%). The right facial artery ended below the angle of the mouth in 7 cases (15.56%), between the angle of the mouth and the nasal wing in 12 cases (26.67%), and above the nasal wing in 26 cases (57.77%). The bilateral facial arteries frequently passed through the submandibular gland parenchyma (23 cases on the left and 24 cases on the right), and the facial arteries were found occasionally to run below the submandibular gland (11 cases on the left and 9 on the right).

CONCLUSION16-slice spiral CT angiography can help in preoperative facial artery evaluation noninvasively. This modality can clearly display the bilateral facial arteries, including their origin, course, distribution and ending to provide detailed information for flap designing before plastic surgery and for preoperative evaluation for microvascular surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Angiography ; methods ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Face ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Anatomic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult

Animals ; Chemokine CCL2 ; analysis ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; administration & dosage ; Indoles ; administration & dosage ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetrazoles ; administration & dosage ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Valine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Valsartan