The aim of this investigation was to determine the optimal storage medium for testicular hypothermic transportation and identify the ideal concentration for the application of the protective agent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the protective effects of 5-ALA. First, we collected and stored mouse testicular fragments in different media, including Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS; n = 5), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12; n = 5), and alpha-minimum essential medium (αMEM; n = 5). Storage of testicular tissue in HBSS preserved the integrity of testicular morphology better than that in the DMEM/F12 group ( P < 0.05) and the αMEM group ( P < 0.01). Testicular fragments were subsequently placed in HBSS with various concentrations of 5-ALA (0 [control], 1 mmol l -1 , 2 mmol l -1 , and 5 mmol l -1 ) to determine the most effective concentration of 5-ALA. The 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA group ( n = 3) presented the highest positive rate of spermatogonial stem cells compared with those in the control, 1 mmol l -1 , and 5 mmol l -1 5-ALA groups. Finally, the tissue fragments were preserved in HBSS with control ( n = 3) and 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA ( n = 3) under low-temperature conditions. A comparative analysis was performed against fresh testes ( n = 3) to elucidate the underlying mechanism of 5-ALA. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for WikiPathways revealed that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was downregulated in the 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA group compared with that in the control group (normalized enrichment score [NES] = -1.57, false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.229, and P = 0.019). In conclusion, these data suggest that using 2 mmol l -1 5-ALA in HBSS effectively protected the viability of spermatogonial stem cells upon hypothermic transportation.
Male ; Animals ; Testis/cytology* ; Aminolevulinic Acid/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Organ Preservation/methods* ; Organ Preservation Solutions/pharmacology* ; Cryopreservation/methods*

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation in patients with lumbar Brucellosis spondylitis.Methods The clinical data of 24 patients admitted from October 2017 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,2 patients were lost to follow-up at 10 months after surgery,at the final 22 cases were included in the study,including 13 males and 9 females with an average age of(52.00±6.89)years old,were treated with one-stage posterior lesion removal and internal spinal fixation.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding,follow-up time,ery-throcyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C-reactive protein(CRP)before and after operation were recorded.The pain visual ana-logue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score for neurofunction,American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)spinal cord injury grade and modified MacNab criteria were ussed to evaluate the efficacy.Results All patients were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of(17.41±4.45)months.The operation time was 70 to 155 min with an average of(1 16.59±24.32)min;the intraoperative bleeding volume was 120 to 520 ml with an average of(275.00±97.53)ml.CRP and ESR levels decreased more significantly at 1 week and at the final follow-up than pre-operative levels(P＜0.05).VAS,JOA score and ODI at 1 week and at the latest follow-up were more significantly improved than preoperative results(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between ASIA preoperative and 1 week after operation(P＞0.05),and a significant difference between preoperative and last follow-up(P＜0.05).In the final follow-up,21 patients had ex-cellent efficacy,1 patient had fair,and there was no recurrence during the follow-up.Conclusion One-stage transpedicular le-sion removal and internal spinal fixation,with few incisions and short operation time,helps the recovery of neurological func-tion,and the prognosis meets the clinical requirements,which can effectively control Brucella spondylitis.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum albumin, urea nitrogen and Fazekas scores and cognitive function scores in patients with mild and medium ischemic stroke.Methods:Clinical data of 160 patients with acute ischemic stroke with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)≤7 scores admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from June 2021 to April 2023 were selected for a cross-sectional study. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, they were divided into normal cognitive group (28 cases) (MoCA≥26 scores), mild to moderate cognitive impairment group (74 cases) (MoCA 15-<26 scores), and severe cognitive impairment group (58 cases) (MoCA<15 scores). Demographic characteristics, serological indicators and imaging data of patients were collected, and the correlation between serum albumin, urea nitrogen and Fazekas scores and the total score of MoCA and the scores of each cognitive domain was analyzed. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between the normal distribution and homogeneous variance data sets, LSD analysis was used for pairwise comparison, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used between the skew distribution or heterogeneous variance data sets. Bonferroni correction analysis was used for pairwise comparison. Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used after the comparison between the count data sets. Spearman Spearman correlation analysis was performed on serum albumin, urea nitrogen and Fazekas scores with MoCA scores and cognitive domain scores. Multivariate ordered Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of cognitive function in acute stage of mild and medium ischemic stroke patients. Results:The incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with acute mild and medium ischemic stroke was 82.50% (132/160). Comparison of age ((56.71±7.35), (60.32±10.20), (66.40±11.88) years old), sex (male/female: (23/5, 58/16, 33/25)), the proportion of education level above high school (25.0%(7/28), 16.2%(12/74), 6.9%(4/58)), hemoglobin ((149.26±14.91), (144.85±16.85), (137.63±17.22) g/L), albumin (39.5 (37.0, 41.2), 38.6(35.6, 40.8), 37.4 (34.5, 39.8) g/L), urea nitrogen (5.30 (4.00, 6.60), 4.81 (4.00, 6.32), 5.86 (4.55, 6.97) mmol/L), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score (5.0 (2.0, 10.0), 7.5 (5.0, 11.0), 10.0 (6.0, 14.3) scores),Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMA) score (5.5 (3.0, 12.5), 7.0 (4.0, 11.0), 9.5 (5.0, 14.0) scores), and Fazekas score (2.00 (1.25, 3.00), 2.00 (1.00, 4.00), 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) scores) among cognitive normal group, mild to moderate cognitive impairment group, and severe cognitive impairment group of patients, the difference were statistically significant (the statistical values were F=9.68, χ 2=9.29, χ 2=30.77, F=5.31, H=7.06, H=6.71, H=12.37, H=8.91, and H=10.96, respectively;the P values were <0.001, 0.010, <0.001, 0.006, 0.029, 0.035, 0.002, 0.012, and 0.004, respectively ). The total score of MoCA was negatively correlated with Fazekas score and serum urea nitrogen, but positively correlated with serum albumin ( r s values were -0.250, -0.168, and 0.212, respectively; P values were 0.001, 0.036, and 0.009, respectively). Serum albumin was positively correlated with scores in visual space and execution, naming, attention and orientation, serum urea nitrogen was negatively correlated with scores in language and orientation, and Fazekas score was negatively correlated with scores in visual space and execution, orientation, attention and language ( r s values were 0.291, 0.196, 0.191, 0.209, -0.205, -0.180, -0.248, -0.193, -0.188, and -0.183, respectively; P values were <0.001, 0.017, 0.020, 0.011, 0.012, 0.027, 0.002, 0.016, 0.020, and 0.023, respectively). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that low albumin ( OR=0.884, 95% CI: 0.813-0.963, P=0.005) and high urea nitrogen ( OR=1.195, 95% CI: 1.003-1.425, P=0.047) and high Fazekas scores ( OR=1.401, 95% CI: 1.132-1.733, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for cognitive function, while high education level was a protective factor ( OR=0.062, 95% CI: 0.019-0.202, P<0.001). Conclusion:The incidence of acute cognitive impairment is high in patients with mild and medium ischemic stroke. Higher education level is a protective factor for cognitive function. Low albumin, high urea nitrogen and high Fazekas score are independent risk factors for cognitive function.

AIM To evaluate the quality of Yanyangke Mixture.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of liquiritin,rosmarinic acid,sheganoside,irisgenin,honokiol,monoammonium glycyrrhizinate,irisflorentin,isoliquiritin and magnolol were determined,the analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(5 μm,250 mmx4.6 mm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and multi-wavelength detection was adopted.RESULTS There were ten common peaks in the fingerprints for twelve batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of samples were clustered into three types,three principal components displayed the acumulative variance contribution rate of 87.448％,peaks 5、14(honokiol),3(liquiritin),11(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate)and 15(asarinin)were quality markers.Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.5％-103.6％with the RSDs of 0.92％-1.7％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can provide a basis for the quality control of Yanyangke Mixture.

Glycine receptors (GlyRs) belong to the ligand-gated ion channel receptor superfamily and are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system. GlyRs are essential for maintaining visual, auditory, sensory and motor functions, and abnormalities in its structure and function can lead to various neurological disorders. This review aims to provide an extensive analysis of the structure, function and regulatory mechanisms of GlyRs, and evaluate its role in various central nervous system diseases. Ultimately, this review will provide theoretical support for the development of novel drugs specifically targeting GlyRs.
Receptors, Glycine/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Central Nervous System Diseases/metabolism*

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective::To explore the feasibility of the rapid identification system(MALDI-Biotyper System) of microorganisms for rapid identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and clinical isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Method::Identification quality control and clinical isolation were conducted for drug resistance of S. aureus by microbial rapid identification system and broth dilution method. The scores of microbial rapid identification system were compared with the MIC value of broth dilution method. The drug resistance of P. aeruginosa was simultaneously identified to determine the accuracy and applicability of the rapid identification system of microorganisms. Result::The scores of the microbial rapid identification system showed that the score of sensitive quality control strain S. aureus was higher than 2.000, and the that of resistant strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus(methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA)was between 1.700 and 2.000.The score of clinically isolated S. aureus was between 1.700 and 2.000, which suggested the drug resistance and was consistent with the MIC value of the broth dilution method. At the same time, the systemic identification value of the P. aeruginosa, which is independent of the quality control sensitive strain, was greater than 2.000, showing sensitivity and it was a sensitive strain itself, which was consistent with the results. Conclusion::The microbial rapid identification system scoring method can be used for the rapid identification of the drug resistance of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.