Objective To explore how the spared muscles in upper limbs and trunk compensated for elbow extension movements in patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6.Methods Fifteen patients with SCI at the level of C_5 and C_6 and fifteen healthy subjects were divided into an SCI group and a control group respectively.The surface EMG recorded from the anterior dehoid,middle deltoid,posterior deltoid,triceps braehii muscle,biceps braehii muscle,upper peetoralis,serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi during four elbow extension activities including grasp- ing cup,reaching for light-switch,wheelchair ambulation and upper limb weight-bearing.The relative EMG intensi- ties of muscles were expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary contraction.Results Several muscles partici- pated in the activity simultaneously when both groups of subjects performed every motor task.But the primary muscles involved in the movements were different between the two groups.Furthermore,the SCI group tended to employ more muscles than the controls to perform a activity.The compensatory strategies used in various motor tasks by the spared muscles were different.Conclusion The motorueuron recruitment patterns used by the C_(5～6)SCI patients in per- forming elbow extension activities could be different from those by the healthy subjects.The patients accomplished performing different motor tasks by changing their compensatory strategies.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical efficacy of Huazhuo Jiedu Recipe (HJR) on chronic atrophic gastritic precancerosis (CAGP), and its effect on contents of lactic acid, total acid, free acid, and nitrite in the gastric juice, as well as tumor markers in gastric juice and blood.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-nine patients with CAGP were randomly assigned to two groups, the 119 patients in the treated group orally took HJR and the 110 patients in the control group orally took Weifuchun Tablet. The therapeutic course for all was three months, two courses in total. The therapeutic efficacy, changes of gastric acid contents before and after treatment were observed, and the tumor markers in the gastric juice and blood were detected using electrochemical luminescence immunoassay.

RESULTSThe pathological effective rate was 83.2% (99/119) in the treated group and 60.9% (67/110) in the control group, showing significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The total acids and free acids in the gastric juice were significantly improved, contents of lactic acid and nitrite were significantly lowered in the two groups. Both contents of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen72-4 (CA72-4), and carbohydrate antigen125 (CA125) in the gastric juice and serum were significantly lowered after treatment in the treated group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the therapeutic effect was more obvious in the treated group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHJR could stimulate the gastric membranous secretion, enhance contents of total acids and free acids. It could prevent the further progress of CAGP by decreasing contents of lactic acid and nitrite in the gastric juice, and lowering contents of CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, and CA125 in the gastric juice and serum.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastric Juice ; chemistry ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism

0.05).(3)The average CTDIvol values were 60?5 mGy,88?10 mGy for 2C_2 and NC_2(C_2)groups,respectively.The corresponding ED values were(12.3?1.0)and(18.0?2.0)mSv,respectively.The CTDIvol and ED values for 2C_2 group were about 32% lower than those of NC_2 group and were statistically significant with P

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the influencing factors of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus after combined immunological blockade, and to evaluate the effect of mother-to-child blockade, and to provide a basis for health policies and health interventions for preventing mother-to-child blockade of hepatitis B virus. Methods A total of 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants aged 7-12 months in Hainan Province from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. The general situation, the situation of health care and delivery in this pregnancy and perinatal period, the detection of hepatitis B markers, the situation of antiviral therapy, the general situation of mother and infant during delivery and the implementation of blockade measures for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B were collected and analyzed. Results Among the 11 363 pairs of HBsAg positive pregnant women and their infants delivered in hospitals in Hainan province from 2015 to 2020, the positive rate of HBsAg in children at 7-12 months after birth was 1.47 %, and the difference in HBsAg positive rate of infants born in different years was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rate of HBsAg among children born to pregnant women with different nationalities, educational levels, occupations, delivery modes, delivery places, obstetric operations and perineal laceration, abnormal perinatal period, children with different genders and premature delivery and perinatal (all P<0.05). There was significant difference in HBsAg positive rate among infants born to pregnant women of different ages, the positive rate of HBsAg of infants born to young pregnant women was higher than that of older pregnant women (P<0.05). The rate of antiviral therapy was low in HBeAg positive pregnant women, and the positive rate of HBsAg in their infants was 2.54%, which was higher than 0.83% in HBeAg negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusions Combined immunological blockade with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HBV. HBsAg-positive women can give birth at the right age, and HBeAg-positive pregnant women can be treated with antiviral therapy to block mother-to-child transmission, providing the important basis for the formulation of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of nutrition package on the nutritional status and prevalence of children in rural areas of Hainan Province, and provide scientific basis and suggestions for further improving the nutritional and health status of children in this region. Methods　Four cities and counties were randomly selected as the intervention group, and four cities and counties matched with the intervention group in terms of population, economy, social culture, maternal and child health work foundation of township health centers, physical nutrition and health status were selected as the control group.With the combination of monitoring and prospective cohort study, infants in the intervention group and the control group were studied from June 1, 2020, and they were intervened for 12 months with supplementary food nutrition package. Before and after intervention, the nutrition and health status of infants aged 6-24 months in the intervention group and the control group were investigated to evaluate the nutritional and health effects of supplementary food nutrition package for infants aged 6-24 months in rural Hainan Province. Results　A total of 999 infants were investigated, including 427 in the intervention group and 572 in the control group. After 12 months of nutritional intervention, there was no significant difference in weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between the intervention group and the control group (P>0.05). The rate of emaciation of the intervention group was 1.64%, which was significantly lower than 3.67% of the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the rate of growth retardation (2.81% and 3.32%, respectively) and underweight (0.47% and 1.92%, respectively) between the intervention group and the control group (P>0.05). The rate of respiratory infection and diarrhea in the intervention group were 9.13% and 1.17%, which were significantly lower than corresponding 23.25% and 3.15% in the control group (P<0.05). The hemoglobin of the intervention group and the control group were 117.24 g/L and 114.51 g/L respectively, and the rates of anemia were 11.11% and 22.84% respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions　The intervention of nutrition package in rural areas of Hainan Province has achieved the expected results, and supplementary food nutrition package has reduced the incidence of malnutrition and respiratory infection and diarrhea in recent two weeks in infants and anemia to a certain extent. We should attach great importance to the supplementary nutrition package for right-age children and promote the growth and health of children in rural areas through supplementary nutrition package, and continuously improve the nutrition and health level of children in Hainan Province.

AIM: To observe thickness and morphological changes of bulbar conjunctiva pre- and post epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis ( EHC ) therapy by optical coherence tomography ( OCT) .
METHODS: Observed morphological changes and measured the bulbar conjunctiva thicknesses of 29 cases (36 eyes) of incipient (1-2d) EHC patients, who were received and treated by department of ophthalmology, the Putuo Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2013 to December 2013, by OCT. Then measured the thickness again on 7, 14d after the therapy.
RESULTS: Among 29 patients (36 eyes), 7d after the EHC therapy, in 27 cured eyes, the full-thickness ( before 344. 00±59. 91μm, after 230. 19±22. 16μm, t=11. 75, P<0-01); epithelial thickness ( before 56. 52±6. 19μm, after 51. 37±5. 53μm, t=4. 61, P<0. 01); and stromal thickness (before 287. 11±60. 56μm, after 178. 81±20. 20μm, t=10. 69, P<0. 01) of patients' bulbar conjunctiva were thicker than values measured after therapy with significant difference. Significant difference was also found for full-thickness ( before 361. 39±65. 56μm, after 233. 44±22. 57μm, the difference was statistically significant, t=14. 45, P<0. 01);epithelial thickness ( before 55. 50±6. 72μm, after 46. 67±5-24μm, t=10. 06, P<0. 01) and stromal thickness ( before 305. 61±66. 02μm, after 186. 78±21. 82μm, t=13. 11, P<0-01 ) of patients' bulbar conjunctiva between values measured before and 14d after therapy.
CONCLUSION: The OCT is able to measure the thickness of bulbar conjunctiva in EHC patients. An significant increase was found in full, epithelial and stromal thickness of EHC patients' bulbar conjunctiva. With recovery from the disease, subepithelial fluid, interlaminar fluid and edema of the bulbar conjunctival stroma faded away firstly, which provide references for clinical therapies of the EHC.

Poloxamer F127, poloxamer F68 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M were used to prepare the thermosensitive in situ gel of boanmycin hydrochloride for injection. Its gelation temperature, rheological behavior, texture characteristics, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro and in vivo drug release were evaluated. These results showed that the formulation was a fluid solution at room temperature, which could become semisolid at the temperature of 37 degrees C, and the thermally induced sol-gel transition allowed to be injectable and in situ setting. The formulation was constructed into a tridimensional network at gelation temperature. The drug release was controlled by the diffusion of the drug and the erosion of the gelmatrix. The pharmacokinetics indicated that the drug could be released slowly for up to 48 hours after subcutaneous administration in rats.
Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Bleomycin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Diffusion ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gels ; Hypromellose Derivatives ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Methylcellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Poloxamer ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheology ; Temperature ; Viscosity

OBJECTIVETo explore family risk factors of overweight and obesity focusing on parental characteristics, feeding practice and lifestyle.

METHODSFive kindergartens were selected randomly from two of all the six urban districts in Beijing. The body height and weight of all the children in the 5 kindergartens were measured in light clothing and without shoes. Information on parental characteristics, dietary habits, lifestyle, and feeding practice was collected from 1173 families by parental self-report questionnaires in the 5 kindergartens. Overweight and obesity were defined according to sex- and age-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Correlations and multivariate regression analysis was used to explore risk factors of child overweight and obesity.

RESULTSThe prevalence of overweight and obesity was 6.9% and 4.1%, respectively, among the sample children. Significantly more overweight and obese children were from obese families (15.2%) than they were from non-obese families (7.5%). Significant associations could be observed between children and parents' characteristics for BMI, frequency of eating in restaurant, television-watching hours, and physical activity hours. Parental obesity, low maternal education level and television watching for > 2 h/d were risk factors of child overweight and obesity after adjusting for sex, age, family income, and kindergarten.

CONCLUSIONSChild overweight and obesity were influenced by family environment. Strategies for prevention should include identified family risk factors.

Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child, Preschool ; Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Television

Objective To investigate the causes of bicycle injuries among middle school students in rural areas and attitudes of students, their parents and teachers toward bicycle injuries.Methods 103 respondents in 14 groups were interviewed using focus group discussion outline. Data were taped and interpreted by two experienced researchers using the QSR NVivo 8.0 software.Results Disobeying the traffic rules, riding bicycle carelessly and fast speed when riding bicycle were the first leading causes of bicycle injuries among middle school students. The relative importance of disobeying traffic rules, inattentive riding the bicycles and fast speed were 1.00, 0.80 and 0.78respectively. Students, their parents and teachers held different attitudes toward the determinants of road condition(23 person-time)'. Fast riding speed was the most important subjective cause (students and parents were 14 and 8 person-time during the interview)but teachers thought that disobeying traffic rules was the most important one(by 14 person-time). Conclusion Residents in rural China had low awareness of child bicycle injuries. There is a need to improve the awareness of road safety among rural residents. Future intervention strategies should be tailored to address main determinants to reduce the incidence of road traffic injuries among children.

Naringenin (1) was transformed to three metabolites (2-4) by Mucor sp. Based on LCMS(n)-IT-TOF and NMR spectroscopic data, 2-4 were identified as naringenin-7-O-sulphate, naringenin-4'-O-sulphate, and naringenin-5-O-sulphate, respectively. These results might provide hints to the mammalian/human metabolism of naringenin.
Biotransformation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Mucor ; metabolism ; Sulfates ; metabolism