Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prurigo ; therapy

Background It is well known that sclera remodeling occurs during axial elongation in myopia under the control of growth hormone or its downstream effectors.The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in myopia has been determined in previous studies.Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is one of members of the TGF-β superfamily,but if it plays an important role in the genesis and development of myopia is not completely clear.Objective This study was to identify the presence of BMPs in normal guinea pigs sclera and investigate the change of BMPs in the sclera in form-deprivation myopia (FDM) of guinea pigs.Methods Thirty young guinea pigs were randomized into normal control group and experimental group using table of random number.FDM models were established by occluding unilateral eyes of guinea pigs with a translucent lens for 14 days in the experimental group,and the fellow eyes served as the controls.Diopter of all eyes was tested by retinoscopy optometry,and ocular axial length was measured by A-sonography before and after modeling.Posterior sclera tissue of the animals was obtained on 14 days,and the relative expression level of BMPs mRNA and protein were assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.The use and care of the animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results On 14 days after occluding of unilateral eyes,the refraction diopter of the experimental group was (-0.48±0.51) D,and that of the fellow eyes was (3.22 ±0.34) D,showing a significant difference between them (t =-12.814,P =0.000).Also,a significant difference in the diopter was seen between the experimental group and normal control group ([-0.48±0.51]D vs.[2.97±0.70]D,t =-11.878,P=0.000).Axial length was (8.30 ± 0.05) mm in the experimental group,(8.11 ±0.06) mm in the fellow eyes and (8.06±0.06) mm in the normal control group,showing a significant increase in the experimental group compared with the fellow eyes and normal control group (t =7.230,P =0.000 ; t =9.084,P=0.000).The expressions of BMP-2 mRNA,BMP-4 mRNA,BMP-5 mRNA in posterior sclera were detected in the normal guinea pigs.Fourteen days after the induction of myopia,the relative levels of BMP-2 mRNA and BMP-5 mRNA in sclera were 0.41 ± 0.11 and 0.65 ± 0.06 in the experimental eyes,which were significantly lower than 0.62 ± 0.07 and 0.84 ± 0.03 in the fellow eyes with the descent range of 34.48％ and 23.67％ respectively (t=2.838,P=0.017; t=2.524,P=0.028).The relative values of BMP-2 protein and BMP-5 protein were 0.44±0.06 and 0.70±0.05 in the experimental eyes,and those of the fellow eyes were 0.61±0.05 and 0.82±0.03,showing significant decline in the experimental eyes with the lowing range of 23.42％ and 15.21％,respectively (t =2.465,P =0.030;t =2.445,P=0.031).No significant differences were found in the expression of BMP-4 mRNA and protein in posterior sclera between the experimental eyes and the normal control eyes (mRNA:t =0.704,P=0.460;protein:t=0.987,P=0.365).Conclusions The expressions of the BMP-2 and BMP-5 in sclera down-regulate significantly in FDM eyes,which suggest that BMP-2 and BMP-5 participate in sclera remodeling during myopia induction.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of quality intima-media thickness(QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) technique in assessment of carotid under different measuring methods.Methods Between December 2012 and January 2014,carotid QIMT and QAS examinations were carried out in 30 health volunteers.QIMT and QAS indicators included IMT in QIMT and distensibility coefficient (DC),compliance coefficient(CC),stiffness index α(α),stiffness index β(β),pulse wave velocity(PWV) in QAS.The measurement employed unilateral/once,bilateral/twice,and unilateral/twice methods.Using intra observer and inter-observer variability,the reproducibility was compared between different QIMT and QAS indicators and measuring methods.Results Extremely high level of intra-observer reproducibility was found for both QIMT and QAS technique (ICC＞0.8).QIMT also showed an excellent inter observer reproducibility (ICC＞0.8).In contrast,the reproducibility of QAS technique varied in different indicators (PWV ＞ β ≈ α ＞ CC ＞ DC) and method ( unilateral/once ＞ bilateral/twice ＞ unilateral/twice).Conclusions QIMT measurement was highly reproducible.Whereas the reproducibility of QAS technique varied in different indicators and methods.Due to low reproducibility,the study result did not support the clinical application of DC indicator and unilateral/once method.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the platinum-based anti-tumor drug miriplatin. METHODS: Miriplatin was synthesized from K4PtCl4. K4PtCl4 was reacted with sodium nitrite to give the K4Pt(NO2)4 solution which reacted with(IR, 2R)-1,2-cyclohexane-diamine thus resulting in the key intermediate Pt(C6H14N2) (NO2)2. The key intermediate was subsequently reacted with hydrazine sulfate and sodium myristate in n-butanol to give the target compound. The structure of the target compound was identified by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, H-NMR, thermal analysis and specific optical rotation measurement. RESULTS: The structure of the synthesized compound was consistent with the title compound, and the yield was about 61%. CONCLUSION: This study provides a novel synthesis process for miriplatin.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the medial rectus cells counts in concomitant exotropia and surgical results. METHODS: A total of 32 pieces of medial rectus muscle were collected for HE staining in this study, of which 18 pieces were from patients with concomitant exotropia and 14 pieces were from healthy individuals. A method of strabismus score was used to assess the operative effect.RESULTS: The difference of strabismus score before and after the operation in the intermittent exotropia group was significantly higher than that in constant exotropic group (P<0.01). Under light microscope, the loosen muscle fibers and the increased stromal components in the cross sectional area of medial rectus were observed in strabismic group. The muscle cells counts was obviously lower in strabismic group than in control group (P<0.01), which was related to the difference of strabismus score before and after the operation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The decreased medial rectus cells counts induce concomitant exotropia directly. It is the crucial causes of the bad surgical results.

Gentianae Urnulae Herba, dried whole herb of Gentiana urnula,is a commonly used Tibetan medicine. However, only the character identification is used as quality control standard officially at present. As a part of project for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the quality standard of this species was established in this study. The tests of water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of the crude drugs were carried out following the methods recorded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition, volume 1). The TLC identification method was established by using gentiournoside A as reference substance, and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-water-formic acid(7:1. 5:1: 0. 2) as the developing solvent system on silica gel G TLC plate. The content of gentiournoside A was assayed by HPLC on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm,5 μm) column, using acetonitrile-water (0.1% phosphoric acid) (26:74) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature is at 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength is at 240 nm. As a result, gentiournoside A and the other constituents were separated and presented the same fluorescence light comparing with the reference substance on TLC detected under the UV light(366 nm). The methodology validation for the assay of gentiournoside A showed that it was in a good linear correlation in the range of 0.009 95-0.398 g x L(-1) with the regression equation of Y = 1 467.1X +41.407(r = 0.999 9), and the average recovery was 98. 3% (RSD 2.2%). The mass fractions of gentiournoside A, water content, ethanol-soluble extractives of 15 batches samples were varied in the ranges of 0.175% -1.83%, 8.60% - 9.93% and 29.2% - 35.2%, respectively. Total ash and acid-insoluble ash were 10.2% - 17.2% and 5.26% - 10.8% detected from 10 batches samples. The recommended standards of quantitative indexes are that the mass fractions of gentiournoside A and extractives are not less than 0.80% and 26.0%, respectively; the water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash are not more than 12.0%, 15.0% and 8.0%, respectively.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; standards ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

AIM:To compare the higher-order aberrations between implantations of AcrySof and AcrySof ReStor multifocal aspherical intraocular lens(IOL) with various pupil diameters.METHODS:Fifty-four patients(62 eyes)with bilateral senile cataracts were retrospectively selected.Patients were operated with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.They were divided into two groups based on the IOL implantation of AcrySof IQ and AcrySof ReStor.Wave front aberration:spherical aberration(C12)and the root mean square of the total higher-order aberration(RMSh)were observed 3 months after surgery.RESULTS:The larger the pupil was, the higher the C12 and RMSh were in the eyes (P<0.01).There were no statistical differences in C12 or RMSh between two groups at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:There are no differences between AcrySof IQ group and AcrySof ReStor group at 5, 6 or 7mm pupil diameters.

Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a type of indole quinazoline alkaloid exracted from Ruticarpum. Studies showed that Rut has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertension, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombus formation. Currently, many scholars are committed to developing it into a new antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drug with all new mechanisms. But studies found that Rut is a highly fat-soluble drug with low water and oil solubility. Its high insolubility is the main obstacle in its oral absorption and application, which greatly reduced its bioavailability. Therefore, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was used as the inclusion material to prepare Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex in this experiment, in order to increase its water solubility and bioavailability. In this experiment, the inclusion complex was prepared by the stirring-freeze-dry method. The preparation process was optimized by the orthogonal test, with the inclusion rate as the index, and molar ratio between host and guest molecules, inclusion temperature, time and stirring speed as the impacting factors. Moreover, the inclusion complex was verified by detecting the apparent solubility, thin layer chromatography, microscopic identification, melting point detection and dissolution study. The results showed that under the conditions of the molar ratio between Rut and HP-beta-CD of 1: 1, temperature at 60 degrees C, inclusion time of 4h and stirring speed at 600 r x min(-1), the inclusion rate of Rut-HP-beta-CD reached 91.04%. Therefore, the preparation process of Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion under the optimum conditions is simple and feasible, with a highest inclusion rate and reproducibility, and could significantly improve Rut's solubility and bioavailability, and provide a reliable experimental basis for its clinical application.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

Objective To detect the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and analyse the related clinical factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Patients with CKD in our department from March 1st to July 1st were enrolled continuously.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH) were detected by electrochemiluminescence and immunochemiluminescent respectively.Serum calcium,phosphorus and albumin were measured by automatic biochemical instrument.Results 127 patients were selected and the average age was (60.9?15.3).The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was (12.06?6.41)?g/L.82.6% patients had vitamin D deficiency and 96.9% patients had vitamin D insufficiency.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin had no statistics difference D3 between stage 1,2 and 3 CKD patients but was much hihger than that of stage 4 and non-haemodialysis stage 5 patients.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was not related to serum calcium,phosphorus and iPTH,while positively related to albumin and eGFR and negatively related to serum creatinine and total cholesterol.Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are frequent in CKD patients and deteriorate with the progress of kidney function impairment.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is not related to the traditional CKD-MBD index such as serum calcium,phosphorus and iPTH.

AIM To study the effect of Vit E on the MLCK activity and expression in the liver of atherosclerosis model rabbits. METHODS The MLCK activity of rabbit liver was measured by the method of ?- 32P incorporated and its expression was detected by immunofluorescent. RESULTS The model of atherosclerosis was estabilished. After rabbits were fed with cholesterol for four weeks and twelve weeks, the activity of MLCK increased markedly, and there was significantly statistical difference compared with the normal control (P0.05). MLCK expression increased after the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for four weeks, and this increase became more obvious had been the rabbits was fed with cholesterol for twelve weeks. The expression decreased when vitamin E had been added into the cholesterol fed. CONCLUSION The pathology of liver may be associated with the increase of the activity of MLCK. Vit E may reduce MLCK activity and protect hepatocyte from injury.