Objective To explore the protective effect of selenium, an antioxidant, on fluoride-induced renal injury in rats and find out the optimal level of selenium against fluoride toxicity and its valid molecular target.Methods All 80 male weanling SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups by body weight as follows: normal control group(drinking tap water), fluoride exposed group (drinking water containing 50 mg/L of NaF), low, middle,high selenium exposed groups(drinking water containing 0.375, 0.750, 1.500 mg/L of Na2SeO3) and low, middle,high Se-fluoride groups (drinking water containing both 50 mg/L NaF and three doses of Na2SeO3 as abovementioned, respectively). After 6 months, the rats were killed then the oxidation level and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)expression level in kidney were measured. Results The weight of the fluoride exposed group[(695.95 ± 55.89 )g]was significantly deceased than the controls[(782.69 ± 56.12)g, P ＜ 0.01]. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot] was not significantly different but decreased. Tatal antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in fluoride exposed group [(7.54 ± 1.35)U/mgprot] significantly decreased than the controls[(9.03 ± 0.37 )U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. In addition, a significant increase of malondialdehyde ( MDA )in fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 )mnol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] was observed than the controls[(3.14 ± 0.32)nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. GSH-Px activity of high Se-fluoride group[(74.99 ± 8.41 )U/mgprot] was significantly higher than the fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] and its MDA level[(3.17 ± 0.20)nmol/mgprot] was lower than the fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 ) nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. NF-κB expression levels of fluoride group, high selenium group and low Se-fluoride group(0.360 ± 0.015,0.367 ± 0.007,0.376 ± 0.006,respecyively) were obviously increased compared with the controls(0.312 ± 0.022, P ＜ 0.05); it was significantly lower in high Se-fluoride group(0.312 ± 0.005) than in fluoride exposed group(0.360 ± 0.015, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Na2SeO3 of 1.5 mg/L is the optimal dose against chronic fluorosis on kidney injury under this experimental condition.NF-κB is likely to be a target molecule of the selenium as an antagonist on fluorosis.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of corneal power mea-surements by a rotating scheimpflug camera ( Pentacam ) in eyes after myopic excimer laser surgery .Methods This prospective comparative interventional case series comprised 19 eyes of 15 patients who had myopic excimer laser surgery.Used Pentacam, clinical history method and IOL -Master measured keratometry reading .The median absolute error ( MedAE ) , the mean absolute error ( MAE ) and postoperative re-fractive error were compared among three methods.Results MedAE and MAE of Pentacam EKR method were significantly lower than those of clinical history and IOL -Master methods ( P <0.05 ) . Keratometry reading were significantly lower than that of IOL -Maste method (P<0.05).During the ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D, ±1.00 D range, eye number ratio of EKR method was significantly higher than that of IOL-Master method ( P<0.05 ). Conclusion Pentacam EKR can accurately measure the intraocular lens power .When historical refractive data are not available , scheimpflug imaging with the Pentacam provides an alternative method of measuring the central corneal power in eyes that previously received corneal refractive surgery.

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), the first key enzyme in 2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, catalyzes the condensation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with pyruvate to 1-deoxy-xylose-5-phosphate (DXP). In this study, PgDXS1, PgDXS2, and PgDXS3 genes were cloned from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (P. grandiflorum). The open reading frame (ORF) of PgDXS1, PgDXS2, and PgDXS3 were 2 160, 2 208, and 2 151 bp in full length, encoding 719, 735, and 716 amino acids, respectively. Homologous alignment results showed a high identity of PgDXSs with DXS in Hevea brasiliensis, Datura stramonium and Stevia rebaudiana. The recombinant expression plasmids of pET-28a-PgDXSs were constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) cells, and the induced proteins were successfully expressed. Subcellular localization results showed that PgDXS1 and PgDXS2 were mainly located in chloroplasts, and PgDXS3 was located in chloroplasts, nucleus and cytoplasm. The expression of three DXS genes in different tissues of two producing areas of P. grandiflorum were assayed via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results showed that all of them were highly expressed in leaves of P. grandiflorum from Taihe. Under methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, the expression levels of three PgDXS genes showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing at different time points (3 - 48 h), and the activity of DXS showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in three tissues of P. grandiflorum. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the biological function of PgDXS in terpenoid synthesis pathway in P. grandiflorum.

italic>Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC is one of the most commonly used bulk medicinal herbs. It has important value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics, and its market demand is increasing year by year, and it has a good development prospect. In this study, based on 403 distribution records and 8 environmental variables, we used Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of P. grandiflorum under climate change. The results showed that the model simulation effect was the best when the Maxent parameter was FC (feature combination) = LQPH (L: linear features; Q: quadratic features; P: product features; H: hinge features) and RM (regularization multiplier) = 2.1, AUC (area under curve) = 0.901, and the model prediction showed that P. grandiflorum was widely distributed in 28 provinces of China under the current climate conditions, with a suitable area of 2 337 419.98 km². Under the influence of climate change in the future, the area of suitable habitat of P. grandiflorum showed a decreasing trend, and the distribution center as a whole showed a trend of northward and eastward shift. The distribution area of P. grandiflorum in the three main producing areas is affected by climate change, and the overall trend is that the future suitable distribution area of Chifeng in Inner Mongolia increases, while the future suitable distribution area of Zibo in Shandong and Taihe, Bozhou in Anhui decreases or even disappears under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (shared socioeconomic pathways). It is suggested to maintain and protect the ecological environment and germplasm resources of the reserved area suitable for the growth of P. grandiflorum, and increase the cultivation research in the expansion area of P. grandiflorum, so as to lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of P. grandiflorum planting and to promote the protection and sustainable development of P. grandiflorum resources.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.