Objective: To investigate the relationship between electrophysiology and pathology changes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) rats and to assess the value of electrophysiology in diagnosis of DPN. Methods: Twenty-four healthy male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin to induce DPN models and the rats were subsequently divided into 3 groups, namely, the DPN model group, the low dose Tong-Luo composite recipe (TLCR) group, and the high dose TLCR group. Rats in the latter 2 groups were lavaged with 2 ml double-distilled water containing 0.5 g/kg and 2 g/kg TLCR for 8 weeks, respectively. Another 8 healthy rats were taken as normal controls. The motor conduction velocity (MCV), sensory conduction velocity (SCV), and potential latency and amplitude of caudal nerves were measured after 8 weeks in all rats. Morphometric quantitative analysis was also performed. Results: Compared with normal control group, the MCV, SCV, and potential amplitude of the caudal nerve in DPN model group were decreased, but the potential latency was increased. After TLCR treatment, the above indices were significantly improved and were close to those of the normal control group. SCV of the low dosage group was still significantly lower than that of normal control group (P< 0.05), that of high dose group was also lower than that of normal control group but with no statistical significance, and that of low dose group was significantly low than that of high dose group (P<0.05). Pathological examination showed that the myelinated nerve fiber positive area, myelin sheath area, and axon area in DPN model group were lower than those in the normal control group, the areas in treatment group were obviously increased compared with DPN model group. Compared with the low dose group, the high dose group had significantly larger myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area, but not axon area. The changes of the myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area were basically consistent to SCV changes in all groups, but the myelin sheath area of the high dose group were still smaller than that of the normal control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Myelinated nerve fiber positive area and myelin sheath area are the more sensitive markers of the course and therapeutic outcome of DPN. SCV can be used for initial estimation of myelinated nerve fiber density. SCV is closely related to the pathological changes of myelin sheath and can be used for clinical diagnosis of DPN, but should be reserved for patients with suclinical DPN and patients who have received high dose drug treatment.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Constipation ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Digestive System ; microbiology ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Hormones ; physiology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; physiology ; Humans

Objective:To study the relationship of retaining time of tympanic ventilation tube and aural complications. Method:Three-hundred-five patients(659 ears)with otitis media with effusion(OME)received tympanostomy tube insertion. The tube were removed 6-36 months after tube insertion. Then aural complications were recorded in different tube retaining time, followed with a statistic analysis. Result: Fifty-five tubes of 29 patients were removed at 1-6 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 3.4%, blocked tube 10. 3%, intrusion into the middle ear O, granulation 'tissue O, cholesteatoma O, otorrhea 6.9%, perforation O. One hundred and ninty tubes of 96 patients were removed at 6-12 months after tube insertion,with spontaneous extrusion 7. 3%,blocked tube 15.6%, intrusion into the middle ear 1%, granulation tissue O, cholesteatoma O, otorrhea 5.2%,perforation O. Three huandred and eight tubes of 156 patients were removed at 12-24 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 9%,blocked tube 12.8% ,intrusion into the middle ear 1.3%,granulation tissue 1.9% ,cholesteatoma 0.6%,otorrhea 2.5%,perforation was O. One hundred and sixty one tubes of 83 patients were removed at 24-36 months after tube insertion, with spontaneous extrusion 36.1%, blocked tube 53%, intrusion into the middle ear 6%, granulation tissue 3. 6%, cholesteatoma 2.4%, otorrhea 2.4%, perforation 2.4%. Conclusion:The occurrence of complication didn't increase with time going by when the ventilation tube retained less than two years. However, when the ventilation tube retained more than two years, the occurrence of spontaneous extrusion and blocked tube increased obviously.

Objective To compare the single-and double-injection techniques for sciatic nerve block.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,weighing 48-72 kg,undergoing elective unilateral foot and ankle surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:single-injection group (group S) and double-injection group (group D).Labat-winnie approach to sciatic nerve block was performed under the guidance of a nerve stimulator.When ankle dorsal or plantar flexion developed,group S received a single injection of 0.5％ ropivacaine 30 ml.When ankle dorsal and plantar flexion developed,0.5％ ropivacaine 15 ml was injected each time in group D.The failure of location was recorded.The time spent performing the procedure,onset time and duration of sensory and motor blockade,and the total time for the block were recorded.The effectiveness of block (success,failure) was assessed.Results The failure rate of location was 10％ in group D.The success rate of block was 93％ in group S,and was 96％ in group D,and there was no significant difference in the success rate of block between the two groups.Compared with group S,the onset time of sensory and motor blockade was significantly shortened,the time spent performing the procedure was prolonged,and no significant change was found in the total time for the block,duration of sensory and motor blockade in group D.Conclusion Single-injection technique is recommended for the sciatic nerve block in the patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.

Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

Virtual experiment is the application of virtual reality technology in experiment sciences.In the physiology teaching, virtual reality modules are made up of experiment theory module,experiment process module,virtual reality module,review mod- ule and experiment report module.We set up a virtual physiology experiment system by author ware and other software.

OBJECTIVETo study the proliferation and apoptosis of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on leukemic U937 cells and its possible mechanism.

METHODThe inhibitory effect of TMP on the proliferation of U937 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis and cycle distribution were examined by the flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of bcl-2 and P27 were determined by the Real-time PCR. Western blot was carried out to detect bcl-2, caspase-3, cyclin E1, CDK2 and P27 expressions.

RESULTTMP inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells in a dose-and-time dependent manner, with IC50 value of 160 mg x L(-1) at 48 h. In addition, TMP could induce the apoptosis of U937 cells and block the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. According to the results of Real-time PCR and Western blot, TMP could down-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related molecule bcl-2, cycle-related protein cyclin E1 and CDK2 and up-regulate caspase-3 and P27.

CONCLUSIONTMP shows the effects in inhibiting the proliferation of leukemic U937 cells and inducing the apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the impacts on the cell cycle distribution, down-regulation of the bcl-2 expression, which finally activates caspase-3, starts the apoptosis path and causes the cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; analysis ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; U937 Cells

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries ; Young Adult

@@

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Smell ; Turbinates ; surgery ; Young Adult