Animals ; Cisplatin ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Proteinuria ; etiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

To reveal the characterization of interaction between Chinese and western medicinal injections, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was applied to evaluating the interaction of Yiqi Fumai injection (YQFM, as mode drug) with epinephrine hydrochloride injection (YS) and 5% glucose injection (5% GS). The diversification of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were determined to judge the reaction types of colliquefaction procedures of different injections. Meanwhile, the fingerprints of YQFM before and after combined with the various injections were compared to validate the results. This work demonstrated that during the titration procedure of YQFM and YS, [ΔH] > T [ΔS] , that was to say the reaction was enthalpy-driving. And the reactive profile indicated that a great deal of heat gave out during the procedure. Obviously, chemical reactions happened and the internal component changed. On the other side, the reaction of YQFM combined with 5% GS was entropy-driving, because [ΔH] < T [ΔS]. The reactive profile showed there was only a little heat released. So non-chemical reactions happened and the major ingredients did not change. ITC could be applied to the evaluation on compatibility of other kinds of Chinese and western medicinal injection combination.
Calorimetry ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Entropy ; Epinephrine ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Injections ; Thermodynamics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic value of some clinicopathologic indexes and biologic tumor markers in predicting recurrence in T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.

METHODSThe expressions of p53, E-cadherin and VEGF of 75 patients with T1 primary bladder TCC were detected by streptabitin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical methods. The effects of clinicopathologic indexes and biologic tumor markers on recurrence were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence- free survival rates were 68.0%, 45.3% and 20.9%. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, tumor mutifocality and the expression of p53, E-cadherin and VEGF were associated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, the independent recurrence variables were tumor mutifocality, the expression of p53 and E-cadherin.

CONCLUSIONTumor mutifocality and the abnormal expression of p53 and E-cadherin are the variables that independently predict recurrence in T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cadherins ; analysis ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; etiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; etiology ; mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; analysis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; etiology ; mortality ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.
Adsorption ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Cellulose ; analogs & derivatives ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Porosity ; Powder Diffraction ; Powders ; Silicon Dioxide ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

The aim of this study is to study the effect of calcium dobesilate on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced early diabetic nephrophathy (DN) in rats. All male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal group; DN blank group; calcium dobesilate 75, 150, and 300 mg x kg(-1) groups and perindopril 0.4 mg x kg(-1) group. Blood glucose and the 24 h urinary albumin were measured dynamically during the experiment, after 8 weeks administration, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined, the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) in cortex of kidney were examined with immunohistochemical staining. The endothelin (ET) in plasma and kidney cortex was measured with radioimmunoassay, renal pathomorphism was observed with light and electron microscopes. Calcium dobesilate could decrease the 24 h urinary albumin and ET in plasma and kidney cortex, down-regulate the expression of PAI-1, and up-regulate MMP-9 in kidney. These findings suggested that calcium dobesilate could protect blood vessel endothelium, inhibit kidney fibrous degeneration, ameliorate renal pathological damage, and protect kidney function in many ways.
Albuminuria ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Calcium Dobesilate ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelins ; blood ; metabolism ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; metabolism ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; Kidney Cortex ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To study the value of the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD). Methods Twenty-five patients with RSI scores > 13 or RFS scores > 7 and sixteen patients with RSI scores > 13 and RFS scores > 7 were suspected as LPRD. Forty one patients with the RSI scores > 13 and/or RFS scores > 7 were suspected as LPRD, 15 patients with the RSI scores ≤ 13 and RFS scores ≤ 7 were regarded as control group. All the patients had 24-hour dual probe pH monitoring. Twenty-five patients with positive pH monitoring hand received anti-reflux treatment with omeprazole for 3 months, and then the RSI and RFS was estimated gain. Results The RSI and RFS scoring had high consistent with the results of pH monitoring (Kappa=0.43, u=3.48, P < 0.01),especially if RSI scores > 13 and RFS scores >7 (Kappa=0.55, u=3.06, P<0.01). There was a significant decreasing in RSI and RFS scoring in patients after anti-acid treatment for 3 months (tRSl=8.838, PRSl=0.000;tRFS=5.695, PRFS=0.000). Conclusions The RSI and RFS can be used as screening tool for laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases and as a simple method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucous resection with transparent cap (EMR-Cap) and endoscopic multi-band mucosectomy (MBM) in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesion.

METHODSA retrospective study was performed to review 30 EMR-Cap cases from December 2008 to December 2009 and 32 MBM cases from January 2010 to January 2011 of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. The differences between these two techniques in efficacy, safety, and cost were compared.

RESULTSIn EMR-Cap group, the median resection time was 26(10-56) min and median procedure time was 43(22-81) min, significantly longer than those in MBM group [10(7-18) min and 32(28-45) min, P=0.036 and 0.038, respectively]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total thickness and depth of resected lesions (P>0.05). In EMR-Cap group, the median cost was significantly higher than that of MBM group [(5466±354) vs. (4014±368) RMB, P=0.008)].

CONCLUSIONSEMR-Cap and MBM are minimally invasive, safe and effective methods in the treatment of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Compared to the EMR-Cap, MBM is simple with shorter treatment time and lower cost.

Aged ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; surgery ; Precancerous Conditions ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo find the major risk factors associated with gastric cardia cancer.

METHODSWe selected five high incidence areas of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer which have cancer registration system, i.e. Cixian and Shexian of Hebei Province, Linxian of Henan Province, Feicheng of Shandong Province and Zhuanghe of Liaoning Province. Fifty newly diagnosed cases of cardiac cancer after January 1, 2008 were selected from each cancer registration database. A uniform questionnaire, which was fully consulted by experts, was used. Population-based 1:3 case-control study was conducted in those areas. The study recruited 250 cases of cardiac cancer and 750 matched controls, which were investigated with the uniform questionnaire. The data were statistically analyzed by fitting-conditional Logistic analysis.

RESULTSSmoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, irregular meal, improper dining posture, heavy taste, dried food, pickled food, fried food, hot food, gastrointestinal history, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer. To eat more bean and high BMI are protective factors of the single factor logistic analysis. Gastrointestinal history (OR = 42.899), dried food (OR = 5.932), irregular meal (OR = 4.911), hot food (OR = 4.144), pickled food (OR = 3.287), passive smoking (OR = 2.355), and GERD (OR = 1.930) can increase the risk of cardiac cancer, eat more bean (OR = 0.254) and BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 0.492) are protective factors of the mixture factors logistic analysis.

CONCLUSIONSGastric cardia cancer is caused by environmental risk factors and genetic factors. Health education in high cardiac cancer incidence areas and primary prevention popularized into people's daily life will be beneficial to decreasing the incidence of gastric cardia cancer.

Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Cardia ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; adverse effects ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of short-term neoadjuvant hormonal treatment on neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and the relation of NE differentiation and tumor regression.

METHODSThe radical prostatectomy specimens and the biopsy specimens of the same 18 patients with prostate cancer were compared. The effect of hormonal treatment on NE-differentiation was evaluated by specific antibodies against chromogranin A (ChA) and serotonin (5-HT).

RESULTSThe ChA-positive cell count was 3.2 x 10(-5)/microm(2) [(0-5.7) x 10(-5)/microm(2)] before hormonal treatment and 2.3 x 10(-5) microm(2)[(0-6.6) x 10(-5)/microm(2)] afterward (P > 0.05). For the proportion of NE-positive tumor, it was 7.0% (0%-14.9%) and 4.5% (0%-13.1%) (P > 0.05). No correlation existed between NE-differentiation and the neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. The NE cell density did not differ significantly between 12 non-/slightly regressive tumor foci and 6 highly regressive ones (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShort-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy does not induce clonal propagation of NE cells. The degree of tumor regression following short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is not correlated with the NE differentiation.

Aged ; Androgen Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Chromogranin A ; Chromogranins ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neurosecretory Systems ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Serotonin ; analysis

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the clinical and pathological subtypes of Castleman's disease (CD) and their relationship with complications.

METHODSThe clinical complications of 53 patients with CD and the relationship of these complications with clinical and pathological subtypes were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong 53 CD patients, 32 (60.4%) were classified as uni-centric type and 21 (39.6%) multicentric type. Histopathological examination showed that 37 cases (69.8%) were hyaline vascular variants (HV), 9 (17.0%) plasmacytic variants (PC), and 7 (13.2%) mixed cellular variants (Mix). Complications were identified in 32 (60.4%) patients, including the involvements of skin, internal organs and hematopoietic system. Some complications were closely associated with the clinical subtype of CD: the majority of complications in the 32 uni-centric CDs were paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and those in 21 multi-centric CDs were the involvements of kidney and hematopoietic system. The complications were different among the three kinds of histopathological subtypes: PNP and BO were the predominant complications of HV variants, while the internal organ and hematopoietic system involvements were those of PC and Mix variants. The clinical and histopathological classification of CD patients with PNP were different obviously from other subtypes of CDs. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the survival rate of those with complications was significantly lower than those without complication (P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical complications of CDs are related to their clinical and histopathological subtypes. CD patients with PNP should be considered as a unique entity to tailor the therapy. The presence of clinical complications is an independent prognostic factor in CD patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Castleman Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult