Objective:To compare the clinical effects of restrictive blood transfusion combined with hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBOPC) and restrictive blood transfusion in the treatment of hip,knee arthroplasty (THA,THA).Methods:40 patients in the period of epidural anesthesia,femoral nerve hysteresis hip and knee arthroplasty were selected and randomly divided into two groups:restrictive transfusion group (maintain 80 g/L≤ Hb ＜100 g/L,n=20) and restrictive blood transfusion combined with HBOPC (HBOPC+maintain 80 g/L =Hb ＜100 g/L,n=20).The red blood cell transfusion,red blood cell transfusion rate,perioperative Hb,blood oxygen saturation (SO2),the incidence of hypotension during operation,hospitalization time and postoperative cerebral infarction,acute pulmonary embolism,pneumonia,myocardial infarction,wound infection rate and 90 days mortality rate were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with the restrictive transfusion group,the postoperative Hb,blood oxygen saturation (SO2) of restrictive blood transfusion combined with HBOPC group were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05);the red blood cell transfusion,red blood cell transfusion rate,incidence of pneumonia,wound infection rate were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Restrictive blood transfusion combined with hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning could improve the anoxic state of the hip,knee arthroplasty patients,which could effectively reduce red blood cell transfusion,reduce postoperative complications,has good clinical curative effect.

AIM: To measure the macular thickness of normal young people by 3D 1000 optical coherence tomography (OCT) and study the repeatability of measuring results and the relationship between the thicknesses of macular and gender. At the same time, to compare our result with the data of other types of OCT, and to understand the consistency of the measuring results of macular thickness of different types of OCT.
METHODS: Totally 222 eyes in 111 young people were detected using 3D scan mode of Topcon 3D OCT 1000 (ver 2.4 ) . Twelve cases ( 24 eyes ) underwent repeatability check. We took transverse comparison between our measured results with other research's results.
RESULTS: There were 111 cases of young people, whose age were from 18-27 years old, all uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were≥1. 0, all intraocular pressure were <21mmHg. The average thickness of all macular region was 273. 32±17.08μm. Retinal volume of macular area was 7. 73 ± 0.37mm3 . Center thickness was 161 -264μm, and the average thickness was 200. 13±18. 81μm. Central macular thickness were 188 - 273μm, and the average thickness was 229. 00 ± 18. 20μm. The central macular thickness in men was significantly greater than that in women, and there was statistical difference. The results of repeated check of 12 cases ( 24 eyes ) in the macular area were no statistical difference except the outer ring of nasal quadrant, and the repeatability of average thickness in central macular thickness was better than in center thickness.
CONCLUSION:The repeatability of macular examination is good. The central macular thickness can be better repeated than the center thickness. The central macular thickness is 229. 00±18. 20μm in young people, according to the 3D 1000 OCT measurements. There are statistical difference of central macular thickness between different genders.

Objective To study the effects of vitamin B_6(VitB_6) injection on small intestinal peristalsis in mice and its mechanisms.Methods The mice were divided into 12 groups:calcium chloride injection group(1 mg/10 g),neostigmine methylsulfate injection group(0.001 5 mg/10 g),atropine sulfate injection group(0.005 mg/10 g),their combination with VitB_6 injection and high/low dose treated groups,high dose VitB_6 injection group(5 mg/10 g),low dose VitB_6 injection group(0.5 mg/10 g) and physiologic saline group(0.1 mL/ 10 g ).After administration 30 minutes,mice were intragastric administration Indian ink(0.1 mL/g),and they were luxated and put to death 20 minutes later.The mice belly were cut open,the length of intestine and distance of Indian ink that had moved were measured,and then the ink progradation rate were calculated.Results Compared with control group,the high dose VitB_6 injection could inhibit normal intestinal peristalsis of mice markedly(P0.05).Conclusions VitB_6 injection can inhibit hyperanakinesia of small intestine in mice,especially high dose.And this will be provided as theory foundation on enterospasm treatment.

Objective To find out the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant and lactating women in the urban areas of Wuwei City of Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Blood and urine samples of pregnant (52 persons) and lactating women (59 persons) were collected in 2009.Urinary iodine content was measured with arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric.Serum free three triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroid hormone(FT4),triiodo thyronine(TT3),serum total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected with direct chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The medians urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women were 274.68,217.88 μg/L.The rates of low urinary iodine (pregnant women below 150 μg/L,lactating women lower than 100 μg/L) were 9.62％ (5/52) and 6.78％ (4/59).Serum TT3,TT4 levels in pregnant women[(2.48 ± 0.59),(132.18 ± 33.36)nmoL/L] were higher than that in the lactating women[(2.16 ± 0.49),(108.79 ± 28.36)nmol/L,t =-3.123,-3.971,all P ＜ 0.05].Thyroid dysfunction incidence rates of pregnant and lactating women were 17.31％ (9/52) and 8.47％ (5/59).Thyroid dysfunction was mostly subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions Overall iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women is in good condition,some individuals have the trend of hypothyroidism.It is necessary to carry out routine monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function.

Tumor immune checkpoint therapy is a clinical treatment strategy developed based on the new principle of the inhibition of negative immune regulation. In this article, the tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies were reviewed, mainly including immunity and tumor therapy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy and its mechanism of action, clinical application of tumor immune checkpoint therapy and therapeutic drugs, immune resistance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment and countermeasures, drug delivery strategies for tumor immune checkpoint therapeutic agents, etc. As a revolutionary new immunotherapy strategy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy has shown obvious superior therapeutic efficacy in a variety types of tumor. However, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is also faced with a big challenge, namely, immunotherapy resistance. With the discovery of new mechanism, the continuous development of new therapeutic drugs and delivery strategies, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy of tumor.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of tic disorders (TD) among pupils in the Shunde Longjiang area, and their relationship to trace elements.

METHODSA cross-sectional study of 4062 children aged 6-12 years, who were selected from the Shunde Longjiang area by stratified cluster sampling to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of TD, was conducted, and blood concentrations of trace elements in children with TD were determined. Forty normal children were selected as controls.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence rate of TD was 2.98%; the prevalence rates of transient tic disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome were 3.62%, 2.39% and 1.21% respectively. Boys had a significantly higher prevalence rate of TD than girls (3.92% vs 1.96%; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in blood copper, manganese and magnesium levels between children with TD and normal children (P>0.05), however, children with TD had a significantly increased blood lead level and significantly decreased blood zinc and iron levels compared with the normal children (P<0.05). No significant differences in trace elements were found between children with different subtypes of TD (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTD is common in children aged 6-12 years and more prevalent in boys than in girls. High blood lead level and zinc and iron deficiencies may be one of the causes of TD, and thus should be considered during therapy.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; blood ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Tic Disorders ; blood ; epidemiology ; Trace Elements ; blood ; Zinc ; blood

Objective To evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Medline, EMBASE, CBMdisc, VIP, CNKI and WANFANG Digital Journals were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia until February 2018. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of eight RCTs were screened, including 225 patients. Compared to the control group, tDCS was effective on post-stroke dysphagia (SMD=0.71, 95%CI: 0.32~1.10, P<0.001) with safety. Conclusion tDCS could improve swallowing function of post-stroke dysphagia. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, to investigate the influence of HCV infection, and to analyze the clinical appearances and experimental immunological characters of SLE. METHODS: Serum of 92 SLE patients and 58 normal control people was taken, and the HCV infection and experimental immunological characters were detected. SLE patients were divided into HCV infection group and non-HCV infection group according to the detective results. The immunological characters and clinical appearances were analyzed in the two groups. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 92 SLE patients were HCV positive, while only 2 of the 58 normal controls were positive. There were no significant differences in the clinical features including oral ulcer, arthritis, serositis, nephropathy, neural disorder, fever, as well as in the laboratory results including ANA, Anti-Ro/SSA, Anti-La/SSB, Anti-Sm, IgG and IgM in the two groups. HCV positive patients showed a lower frequency of butterfly erythema and positivity for Anti-dsDNA, and a higher frequency of cutaneous vasculitis, liver damage, positivity for RF and low C3, C4 levels. CONCLUSION Patients with SLE showed a high prevalence of HCV infection, and HCV may cause some clinical and immunological changes in SLE.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To learn the effects on improving mental anxiety and depression in empty-nest elderly with hip replacement by accompany care work, and the factors influencing psychological anxiety and depression after hip replacement in empty-nest eldly. Then to explore comprehensive nursing strategies for hip arthroplasty in empty-nest eldly. Methods We investigated empty-nest elderly with hip arthroplasty by using homemade questionnaire, SAS and SDS scale between november 2015 and october 2017. Different nursing methods were used to treat empty-nesters in different groups, and the influencing factors of anxiety and depression were analyzed.Results It is not statistically significant in demographic characteristics (χ2＜3.84, P＞0.05) and anxiety (t = 1.2037, P=0.2308) and depression (t =1.0094, P=0.3142) at the time of entering the hospital, etc. Patients anxiety is statistically significant at time of discharge (t =-5.0159, P≤0.001) and one month after discharge (t =-9.5160, P ＜ 0.001), Patients depression is statistically significant at time of discharge (t =-2.9271, P = 0.0039) and one month after discharge (t =-8.2383, P＜0.001).The factors causing anxiety is nursing mode, number of chronic diseases and postoperative complications. The factors causing depression are economic income, nursing mode, and number of chronic diseases.Conclusion Accompany care work can improve the problems of anxiety and depression in an empty-nest eldly man after hip replacement. It is related to anxiety in nursing patterns, chronic diseases, postoperative complications.Meanhiwle while depression is related to economic income, nursing patterns, and types of chronic diseases, etc.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects and complications of hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implantation on patients after trauma-related surgeries.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was made from 211 cases (211 eyes) who underwent HA orbital implant placement after trauma-related enucleation or evisceration, including 68 cases of evisceration and primary HA implant placement, 77 cases of enucleation and HA implant placement wrapped with multi-windowed sclera, 66 cases of enucleation and HA implant placement free of wrapping. All the cases were followed up for 1-5 years to observe the therapeutic effects and major complications.

RESULTSFive of 211 cases had wound dehiscence. Ten cases had HA implants exposure, including 1 case suffering severe orbital infection and requiring HA implant removal. The implants exposure incidences by the three surgical methods were from 1.30% to 10.06% and averaged 4.74%. Significant difference was found in late exposure incidence and total incidence from the three methods (chi(2)=13.372, P < 0.01 and chi(2)=7.540, P < 0.05). Two cases had shrinkage of the lower fornix. Enophthalmos occurred in 1 case treated by method 1 and was corrected by implanting porous polyethylene (Medpor) plate into the bottom of orbit. In 210 cases, the artificial eye moved well and the cosmetic results were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent surgical methods have their own merit and disadvantage. Enucleation and placement of HA implant wrapped with multi-windowed sclera has corroborated fewer complications than others.

Adult ; Durapatite ; Eye Enucleation ; methods ; Eye Evisceration ; methods ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Orbital Implants ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Retrospective Studies