Objective:To compare the clinical effects of restrictive blood transfusion combined with hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBOPC) and restrictive blood transfusion in the treatment of hip,knee arthroplasty (THA,THA).Methods:40 patients in the period of epidural anesthesia,femoral nerve hysteresis hip and knee arthroplasty were selected and randomly divided into two groups:restrictive transfusion group (maintain 80 g/L≤ Hb ＜100 g/L,n=20) and restrictive blood transfusion combined with HBOPC (HBOPC+maintain 80 g/L =Hb ＜100 g/L,n=20).The red blood cell transfusion,red blood cell transfusion rate,perioperative Hb,blood oxygen saturation (SO2),the incidence of hypotension during operation,hospitalization time and postoperative cerebral infarction,acute pulmonary embolism,pneumonia,myocardial infarction,wound infection rate and 90 days mortality rate were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with the restrictive transfusion group,the postoperative Hb,blood oxygen saturation (SO2) of restrictive blood transfusion combined with HBOPC group were significantly increased(P ＜ 0.05);the red blood cell transfusion,red blood cell transfusion rate,incidence of pneumonia,wound infection rate were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Restrictive blood transfusion combined with hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning could improve the anoxic state of the hip,knee arthroplasty patients,which could effectively reduce red blood cell transfusion,reduce postoperative complications,has good clinical curative effect.

AIM: To measure the macular thickness of normal young people by 3D 1000 optical coherence tomography (OCT) and study the repeatability of measuring results and the relationship between the thicknesses of macular and gender. At the same time, to compare our result with the data of other types of OCT, and to understand the consistency of the measuring results of macular thickness of different types of OCT.
METHODS: Totally 222 eyes in 111 young people were detected using 3D scan mode of Topcon 3D OCT 1000 (ver 2.4 ) . Twelve cases ( 24 eyes ) underwent repeatability check. We took transverse comparison between our measured results with other research's results.
RESULTS: There were 111 cases of young people, whose age were from 18-27 years old, all uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were≥1. 0, all intraocular pressure were <21mmHg. The average thickness of all macular region was 273. 32±17.08μm. Retinal volume of macular area was 7. 73 ± 0.37mm3 . Center thickness was 161 -264μm, and the average thickness was 200. 13±18. 81μm. Central macular thickness were 188 - 273μm, and the average thickness was 229. 00 ± 18. 20μm. The central macular thickness in men was significantly greater than that in women, and there was statistical difference. The results of repeated check of 12 cases ( 24 eyes ) in the macular area were no statistical difference except the outer ring of nasal quadrant, and the repeatability of average thickness in central macular thickness was better than in center thickness.
CONCLUSION:The repeatability of macular examination is good. The central macular thickness can be better repeated than the center thickness. The central macular thickness is 229. 00±18. 20μm in young people, according to the 3D 1000 OCT measurements. There are statistical difference of central macular thickness between different genders.

Objective To study the effects of vitamin B_6(VitB_6) injection on small intestinal peristalsis in mice and its mechanisms.Methods The mice were divided into 12 groups:calcium chloride injection group(1 mg/10 g),neostigmine methylsulfate injection group(0.001 5 mg/10 g),atropine sulfate injection group(0.005 mg/10 g),their combination with VitB_6 injection and high/low dose treated groups,high dose VitB_6 injection group(5 mg/10 g),low dose VitB_6 injection group(0.5 mg/10 g) and physiologic saline group(0.1 mL/ 10 g ).After administration 30 minutes,mice were intragastric administration Indian ink(0.1 mL/g),and they were luxated and put to death 20 minutes later.The mice belly were cut open,the length of intestine and distance of Indian ink that had moved were measured,and then the ink progradation rate were calculated.Results Compared with control group,the high dose VitB_6 injection could inhibit normal intestinal peristalsis of mice markedly(P0.05).Conclusions VitB_6 injection can inhibit hyperanakinesia of small intestine in mice,especially high dose.And this will be provided as theory foundation on enterospasm treatment.

Objective To find out the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function of pregnant and lactating women in the urban areas of Wuwei City of Gansu Province,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Blood and urine samples of pregnant (52 persons) and lactating women (59 persons) were collected in 2009.Urinary iodine content was measured with arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric.Serum free three triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroid hormone(FT4),triiodo thyronine(TT3),serum total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were detected with direct chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results The medians urinary iodine of pregnant and lactating women were 274.68,217.88 μg/L.The rates of low urinary iodine (pregnant women below 150 μg/L,lactating women lower than 100 μg/L) were 9.62％ (5/52) and 6.78％ (4/59).Serum TT3,TT4 levels in pregnant women[(2.48 ± 0.59),(132.18 ± 33.36)nmoL/L] were higher than that in the lactating women[(2.16 ± 0.49),(108.79 ± 28.36)nmol/L,t =-3.123,-3.971,all P ＜ 0.05].Thyroid dysfunction incidence rates of pregnant and lactating women were 17.31％ (9/52) and 8.47％ (5/59).Thyroid dysfunction was mostly subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusions Overall iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women is in good condition,some individuals have the trend of hypothyroidism.It is necessary to carry out routine monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function.

Tumor immune checkpoint therapy is a clinical treatment strategy developed based on the new principle of the inhibition of negative immune regulation. In this article, the tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies were reviewed, mainly including immunity and tumor therapy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy and its mechanism of action, clinical application of tumor immune checkpoint therapy and therapeutic drugs, immune resistance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment and countermeasures, drug delivery strategies for tumor immune checkpoint therapeutic agents, etc. As a revolutionary new immunotherapy strategy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy has shown obvious superior therapeutic efficacy in a variety types of tumor. However, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is also faced with a big challenge, namely, immunotherapy resistance. With the discovery of new mechanism, the continuous development of new therapeutic drugs and delivery strategies, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy of tumor.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of tic disorders (TD) among pupils in the Shunde Longjiang area, and their relationship to trace elements.

METHODSA cross-sectional study of 4062 children aged 6-12 years, who were selected from the Shunde Longjiang area by stratified cluster sampling to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of TD, was conducted, and blood concentrations of trace elements in children with TD were determined. Forty normal children were selected as controls.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence rate of TD was 2.98%; the prevalence rates of transient tic disorder, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome were 3.62%, 2.39% and 1.21% respectively. Boys had a significantly higher prevalence rate of TD than girls (3.92% vs 1.96%; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in blood copper, manganese and magnesium levels between children with TD and normal children (P>0.05), however, children with TD had a significantly increased blood lead level and significantly decreased blood zinc and iron levels compared with the normal children (P<0.05). No significant differences in trace elements were found between children with different subtypes of TD (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTD is common in children aged 6-12 years and more prevalent in boys than in girls. High blood lead level and zinc and iron deficiencies may be one of the causes of TD, and thus should be considered during therapy.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; blood ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Tic Disorders ; blood ; epidemiology ; Trace Elements ; blood ; Zinc ; blood

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effects and complications of hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implantation on patients after trauma-related surgeries.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was made from 211 cases (211 eyes) who underwent HA orbital implant placement after trauma-related enucleation or evisceration, including 68 cases of evisceration and primary HA implant placement, 77 cases of enucleation and HA implant placement wrapped with multi-windowed sclera, 66 cases of enucleation and HA implant placement free of wrapping. All the cases were followed up for 1-5 years to observe the therapeutic effects and major complications.

RESULTSFive of 211 cases had wound dehiscence. Ten cases had HA implants exposure, including 1 case suffering severe orbital infection and requiring HA implant removal. The implants exposure incidences by the three surgical methods were from 1.30% to 10.06% and averaged 4.74%. Significant difference was found in late exposure incidence and total incidence from the three methods (chi(2)=13.372, P < 0.01 and chi(2)=7.540, P < 0.05). Two cases had shrinkage of the lower fornix. Enophthalmos occurred in 1 case treated by method 1 and was corrected by implanting porous polyethylene (Medpor) plate into the bottom of orbit. In 210 cases, the artificial eye moved well and the cosmetic results were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSDifferent surgical methods have their own merit and disadvantage. Enucleation and placement of HA implant wrapped with multi-windowed sclera has corroborated fewer complications than others.

Adult ; Durapatite ; Eye Enucleation ; methods ; Eye Evisceration ; methods ; Eye Injuries, Penetrating ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Orbital Implants ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To determine the eff ect of probucol on adhesion of human monocytic line THP-1 induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Methods: THP-1 cells were induced by oxLDL in vitro. The CD11b, CD54 expressions and adhesion to human umbilic al vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were measured after treatment with probucol at different concentrations by flow cytometry and β-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D -glucosminide test. Results: Probucol inhibited the adhesion of oxLDL-induced THP-1 cells to HUVEC and down regulated the expression of CD11b in a dose dependent manner (P<0.01), but there was no inhibition on exp ression of CD54. Conclusion: Probucol can inhibit adhesion and a ggregation of monocyte-macrophages to endothelium in circulation, and may have anti-inflammatory action.

BACKGROUND: The nervous system has been proved to play an important role in fracture healing, and different nervous components exert different effects on bony callus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the callus volume and morphological changes in the fracture healing progress of the rats with spinal cord hemisection and fracture.METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, and the models of simple fracture and spinal cord hemisection by cutting the right spinal cord combined with fracture were established. The tibia was removed at 14 and 28 days after surgery, and the wet weight was measured, the fracture healing was observed by X-ray examination, morphological changes of the callus were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression level of calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA in the broken bones was detected by SYBR Green qPCR.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the combination group, the wet weight of the contralateral tibia was more than that of the affected side (P < 0.05), which both were more than those in the simple group (P < 0.05). X-ray findings showed that the combination group had the largest lateral callus, followed by the affected side, and the smallest in the simple group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the combination group, the contralateral cells arranged in disorder, while the fibrous callus and cells in regular arrangement were found in the affected side; there were bony callus and cells in regular arrangement in the simple group at 28 days after surgery. SYBR Green qPCR results revealed that the expression level of calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA in the simple group was significantly higher than that in the combination group (P < 0.05). To conclude, complete innervation is a necessary factor for fracture healing.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of Pishen Bingbu Recipe (PBR) in treating patients with sympathetic cervical spondylosis (SCS) of qi-blood deficient syndrome type and its impact on heart rate variability (HRV).

METHODSFifty patients were randomized into the control group and the treatment group equally. Both were treated with mecobalamin, vitamin B1, neurotropin, and occipital - jaw band traction in the sitting posture, but to patients in the treatment group, PBR was given additionally. The course of treatment was 60 days. Therapeutic effect and changes of HRV indexes were observed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, in the treatment group, 5 patients (20%) were clinically cured, treatment was markedly effective in 12 patients (48%), effective in 7 (28%) and ineffective in 1 (4%), while the corresponding data in the control group were 2 (8%), 4 (16%), 18 (72%) and 1 (4%) respectively, demonstrating the efficacy in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P <0.05). Before treatment, the HRV indexes in the two groups were insignificantly different respectively (P >0.05). But after treatment, difference between groups was observed in terms of either time domain or frequency domain. Those of time domain were: standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN, ms) 133.41 +/- 8.61 vs 115.61 +/- 13.49, average standard deviation of 5 min NN intervals (SDANN, ms) 126.90 +/- 9.99 vs 106.20 +/- 8.84, HRV trigonometric index (HRVTI) 35.10 +/- 4.48 vs 25.51 +/- 2.24; and those of frequency domain: low frequency (LF, ms2) 379.90 +/- 159.07 vs 477.70 +/- 396.91 high frequency (HF, ms2) 157.10 +/- 28.18 vs 122.10 +/- 101.90, and LF/HF ratio 2.37 +/- 0.52 vs 4.27 +/- 2.84. All were superior in the treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPBR shows evidently clinical efficacy on SCS, it can significantly improve the functional activities of sympathetic nerve in patients.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spondylosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology